Cylindrodesmus hirsutus, trunk
Small (Schubart, 1944: 372[1]; Dolejš et al., 2019: 38[2]).
Total length about 7 mm (Pocock, 1889: 560)[3]. Length 7-8 mm, width 0.8 mm, reported by Verhoeff (1894: 8)[4] as Haplosoma strubelli Verhoeff, 1894. Length 5.0-5.5 mm reported by Schubart (1944: 372)[1] as Cylindrodesmus laniger Schubart, 1944. Schubart (1945: 130)[5] gave detailed measurements for sexes and life stages in what was intended to be the original description of C. laniger. Adult males with 19 trunk segments (TS): length 4.3 mm, width 0.5 mm. Juvenile male with 18 TS: length 3.6 mm. Adult females with 20 TS: length 4.9-5.4 mm, width up to 0.7 mm. Juvenile females with 19 TS: length 3.9-4.1 mm. Juvenile females with 18 TS: length 3.6-3.7 mm. Juvenile females with 17 TS: length 3.0-3.2 mm. Juvenile female with 15 TS: length 1.7 mm. Length 5 mm, reported by Chamberlin (1954: 66)[6] as Cylindrodesmus palmyrae Chamberlin, 1954, "being thus smaller than the usual specimens of [Cylindrodesmus] hirsutus". Length 5-8 mm (Dolejš et al., 2019: 38)[2].
Referenzen
- , „Os Diplopodos de Pirassununga“, Acta Zoológica Lilloana, Bd. 2, Nr. 2, S. 321-440, 1944.
- , „Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock, 1889 new for Czechia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae)“, Schubartiana, Bd. 8, S. 37–42, 2019.
- , „On the Arachnida, Myriopoda, and Land-Crustacea of Christmas Island“, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Bd. 56, Nr. 4, S. 556-564, 1889.
- , „Eine neue Polydesmiden-Gattung“, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 17, Nr. 437, S. 5-9, 1894.
- , „Os Proterospermophora do Distrito Federal (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)“, Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Bd. 38, S. 1-156, 1945.
- , „A new millipede of the genus Cylindrodesmus from Palmyra Island“, Entomological News, Bd. 65, Nr. 3, S. 65-67, 1954.
General: Pantropical (Golovatch et al., 2001 [2000]: 293[1]; Golovatch et al., 2017: 281[2]; Recuero, 2018: 299[3]), circumtropical (Dolejš et al., 2019: 38)[4].
Indian Ocean: Reported from Flying-Fish Cove (type locality) in Christmas Island (an Australian Indian Ocean Territory) by Pocock (1889: 560)[5]. Not to be confused with Kiritimati (= Christmas Island), an island in the Pacific Ocean: Line Islands: Northern Line Islands belonging to the Republic of Kiribati.
Pacific Ocean: Reported from French Polynesia (a French overseas collectivity): Marquesas Islands: Eiao, Uahuka, and Fatuhiva by Silvestri (1935: 8)[6]. Not listed from French Polynesia: Society Islands by Silvestri (1934)[7]. Reported from the Line Islands: Northern Line Islands: Palmyra Atoll [Palmyra Island] (an United States Minor Outlying Island) by Chamberlin (1954: 65)[8] as Cylindrodesmus palmyrae Chamberlin, 1954.
Southeast Asia: Reported from Indonesia: Maluku Islands: Ambon [Amboina] by Verhoeff (1894: 5)[9] as Haplosoma strubelli Verhoeff, 1894. Reported from Philippines: Luzon [Luçon] Island: near Antipolo village by Brölemann (1895: 201)[10] as Haplosomum strubelli Verhoeff, 1894.
Africa: Reported from Tanzania: Tanga Region, Muheza Distr., E Usambara Mts: Amani by Enghoff (1978) as Cylindrodesmus laniger Schubart, 1944. Updated to Cylindrodesmus hirsutus by Enghoff et al. (2016: 89)[11]. Reported from Cameroon by Golovatch et al. (2017)[2].
North America: Reported from Mexico: Quintana Roo: Cozumel Island by Recuero (2018)[3].
South America: Reported from Ecuador: Guayaquil by Silvestri (1935: 8)[6]. Reported from Brazil: State of Pernambuco (five localities) and State of Alagoas (one locality) by Schubart (1942: 40)[12]. Reported from the State of São Paulo: municipalities of Pirassununga, Mogí-guassú, and Porto Ferreira by Schubart (1944: 372)[13] as Cylindrodesmus laniger Schubart, 1944. Schubart (1944: 372)[13] also stated that C. laniger was already known from several ("vários") Brazilian States and explicitly mentioned the Federal District (Distrito Federal). This former Federal District is now part of the State of Rio de Janeiro and it is not to be confused with the new Federal District. Reported from the Distrito Federal: Rio de Janeiro city (four localities) in the delayed publication by Schubart (1945: 131-132)[14] as Cylindrodesmus laniger n. sp.
Europe: First recorded from hothouses in Europe by Golovatch et al. (2001)[2000][1] as Cylindrodesmus laniger. Reported from Austria: Vienna State: Schönbrunn by Golovatch et al. (2001)[2000][1]. Reported from France: Île-de-France: Paris by Golovatch et al. (2001)[2000][1]. Reported from Germany: Berlin State: Berlin by Golovatch et al. (2001)[2000][1]. First reported from UK: England: Greater London: Richmond upon Thames: Kew Gardens as "small white flat-backed millipede" by Lee (2005a: 3)[15]. Identified as Cylindrodesmus hirsutus and additionally reported from England: South Yorkshire: Sheffield: North Anston: Tropical Butterfly House by Lee (2005b: 2)[16]. Reported from England: Cornwall: Eden Project as "small reddish flatback millipede" by Barber (2005: 1)[17]. Identified as Cylindrodesmus hirsutus by Read (2008: 27, 29, table 2)[18] and observed again by Gregory (2020: 7)[19]. Reported from England: Surrey: Woking: Wisley: Royal Horticultural Society Garden Wisley by Lee et al. (2019: 75)[20]. Reported from England: Bedfordshire: Dunstable: Whipsnade: Whipsnade Zoo by Gregory & Lugg (2020: 39)[21]. Reported from Czechia by Dolejš et al. (2019)[4].
A distribution map is given by Recuero (2018: 300, fig. 1)[3]. Dolejš et al. (2019: 38)[4] summarized and updated the distribution as follows:
Distribution: Circumtropical; equatorial parts of Afrotropis (Cameroon, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Seychelles, Tanzania), Australis (New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea), Neotropis (Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Galapagos, Guadalupe, Panama, Puerto Rico, Suriname), Orientalis (Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore) and Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia, Hawaii, Palmyra); introduced to Europe: Austria, France, Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom (RECUERO 2018) and Czechia (this work).
Referenzen
- , „Parthenogenetic populations of the millipede Cylindrodesmus laniger Schubart, 1945 to be recorded in Europe for the first time (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae)“, Arthropoda Selecta, Bd. 9, Nr. 3, S. 193-198, 2001.
- , „The first record of the pantropical anthropochore millipede, Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock, 1889, from Cameroon (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae)“, Russian Entomological Journal, Bd. 26, Nr. 3, S. 281-282, 2017.
- , „The invasive species Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae) spreads to the northern Caribbean, with a compilation of published localities“, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Bd. 38, Nr. 4, S. 299-302, 2018.
- , „Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock, 1889 new for Czechia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae)“, Schubartiana, Bd. 8, S. 37–42, 2019.
- , „On the Arachnida, Myriopoda, and Land-Crustacea of Christmas Island“, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Bd. 56, Nr. 4, S. 556-564, 1889.
- , „A further report on Marquesan Myriopoda“, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, Bd. 142, Nr. 1, S. 3-11, 1935.
- , „Myriopoda from the Society Islands“, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, Bd. 113, Nr. 28, S. 131-134, 1834.
- , „A new millipede of the genus Cylindrodesmus from Palmyra Island“, Entomological News, Bd. 65, Nr. 3, S. 65-67, 1954.
- , „Eine neue Polydesmiden-Gattung“, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 17, Nr. 437, S. 5-9, 1894.
- , „Haplosomum Strubelli Verhoeff“, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 18, Nr. 476, S. 201-202, 1895.
- , „Checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Tanzania“, Journal of East African Natural History, Bd. 105, Nr. 1, S. 51-113, 2016.
- , „Fauna do estado de Pernambuco e estados limitrofes. Segunda lista“, Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia, Bd. 14-17, Nr. 2-4, S. 21-64, 1942.
- , „Os Diplopodos de Pirassununga“, Acta Zoológica Lilloana, Bd. 2, Nr. 2, S. 321-440, 1944.
- , „Os Proterospermophora do Distrito Federal (Myriapoda, Diplopoda)“, Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Bd. 38, S. 1-156, 1945.
- , „A possible new British species from Kew“, Newsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 10, S. 3, 2005.
- , „A definite new British species from Kew (and Sheffield)“, Newsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 11, S. 2, 2005.
- , „Myriapods from the Eden Project, Cornwall“, Newsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 11, S. 1-2, 2005.
- , „Records of millipedes from Kew gardens and the Eden Project, including descriptions of three species“, Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 23, S. 27-35, 2008.
- , „Porcellionides sexfasciatus new to Britain and some rainforest goodies“, Newsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 41, S. 6-7, 2020.
- , „Report on the BMIG field meeting at Juniper Hall 2016“, Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 31, S. 66-77, 2019.
- , „Some recent observations of woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea), millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda) from artificially heated glasshouses“, Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 32, S. 35-43, 2020.
Habitats and microhabitats: Under stones (Pocock, 1889: 560)[1]. Reported from a stalactite cave [Tropfsteinhöhle, »lian ikan«] by Verhoeff (1894: 5)[2] as Haplosoma strubelli Verhoeff, 1894. Reported from a second cave, "Cueva de Antipolo" or "Cueva de Taibac [Talbac, sic!]" by Brölemann (1895: 201)[3] as Haplosomum strubelli Verhoeff, 1894. In damp wood, in dead log of Inocarpus edulis, under dead bark of breadfruit (Artocarpus species) (Silvestri, 1935: 8)[4]. Palm plantation in a university campus within a city (Golovatch et al., 2017: 281)[5]. Medium semideciduous tropical forest, under a piece of decayed plywood (Recuero, 2018: 300)[6]. Tropical houses in a zoological garden (Dolejš et al., 2019: 38)[7]. Eden Project Tropical Forest biome (Gregory, 2020: 7)[8].
No specific (micro)habitat information was provided by Chamberlin (1954)[9] [as Cylindrodesmus palmyrae Chamberlin, 1954].
Microhabitats in German greenhouses: at basis of Pritchardia affinis, at Strelitzia nicolai, in humus, under dead leaves, under and in bark, at, under, and in dead wood, under stones. See Decker et al. (2014, supplementary material 1)[10].
Altitudinal distribution: In the Marquesas Islands, at 200, 450, and 750 feet (Silvestri, 1935: 8)[4].
Referenzen
- , „On the Arachnida, Myriopoda, and Land-Crustacea of Christmas Island“, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Bd. 56, Nr. 4, S. 556-564, 1889.
- , „Eine neue Polydesmiden-Gattung“, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 17, Nr. 437, S. 5-9, 1894.
- , „Haplosomum Strubelli Verhoeff“, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Bd. 18, Nr. 476, S. 201-202, 1895.
- , „A further report on Marquesan Myriopoda“, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin, Bd. 142, Nr. 1, S. 3-11, 1935.
- , „The first record of the pantropical anthropochore millipede, Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock, 1889, from Cameroon (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae)“, Russian Entomological Journal, Bd. 26, Nr. 3, S. 281-282, 2017.
- , „The invasive species Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae) spreads to the northern Caribbean, with a compilation of published localities“, International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Bd. 38, Nr. 4, S. 299-302, 2018.
- , „Cylindrodesmus hirsutus Pocock, 1889 new for Czechia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Haplodesmidae)“, Schubartiana, Bd. 8, S. 37–42, 2019.
- , „Porcellionides sexfasciatus new to Britain and some rainforest goodies“, Newsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, Bd. 41, S. 6-7, 2020.
- , „A new millipede of the genus Cylindrodesmus from Palmyra Island“, Entomological News, Bd. 65, Nr. 3, S. 65-67, 1954.
- , „Millipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)“, Biodiversity Data Journal, Bd. 2, Nr. e1066, S. 1-43, 2014.