01528nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001900231300001400250490000600264520076600270653001601036653001601052653001401068653001601082653001301098100001701111700002101128700002701149856013401176 2023 eng d00aFirst records of penicillate millipedes (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) from Thailand, with descriptions of two new species0 aFirst records of penicillate millipedes Diplopoda Polyxenidae fr c20 / 11 / 2023 a514 - 5360 v43 a

Two new species are described from the family Polyxenidae. Monographis panhai sp. nov. and Unixenus thailandicus
sp. nov. represent the first records of their respective genera in Thailand. Monographis panhai sp. nov. shows distinct
morphological differences in the arrangement of sensilla in the antennomere VI, as well as in the structures of the labrum
and the claw. Collections from different areas of Thailand showed that not only is it widespread but also exhibits geographic
variation in morphology. Unixenus thailandicus sp. nov. exhibits sexual dimorphism in the number of conical sensilla on
the lateral palp, with 24 in males and 22 in females, differing from the typical count of 13 within the genus.

10aMonographis10aPenicillata10aphylogeny10aPolyxenidae10aUnixenus1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke1 aLIKHITRAKARN, NATDANAI uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/first-records-penicillate-millipedes-diplopoda-polyxenidae-thailand-descriptions-two-new01676nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001900041245009900060210006900159260001500228490000600243520111600249100001701365700002101382856012701403 2022 eng d aISSN 1175-532600aFour new species of Monographis Attems, 1907 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae) from Vietnam0 aFour new species of Monographis Attems 1907 Diplopoda Polyxenida c2 Dec 20220 v33 a

Four new species of penicillate millipedes from the genus Monographis Attems, 1907, collected from various regions in
Vietnam, are described. They show distinctive morphological characteristics on the labrum, telotarsus, and sensilla on
antennal article VI. Monographis cattienensis sp. n., M. tamdaoensis sp. n., and M. thatsonensis sp. n. belong to the group
with sensilla on article VI arranged in a crescent, whereas M. konkakinhensis sp. n. is in a group with sensilla arranged
in a triangle. Molecular analysis of Monographis konkakinensis sp. n., M. tamdaoensis sp. n. and M. thatsonensis sp. n.
shows that these species differ genetically from other Monographis congeners. Additionally, two previously described
subspecies, Monographis kraepelini malayanus Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé, 1966; and M. k. sabahnus Condé
& Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1984; are elevated to species, namely Monographis malayana Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin &
Condé, 1966 and M. sabahna Condé & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1984.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/four-new-species-monographis-attems-1907-diplopoda-polyxenida-polyxenidae-vietnam01546nas a2200217 4500008004100000022002500041245011500066210006900181260001500250300000800265490000700273520082300280653001401103653001401117653001601131653001501147653001301162100001701175700002501192856011101217 2021 eng d a0079-8835, 2204-147800aA new species of Unixenus Jones, 1944 (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) found in far north Queensland, Australia0 anew species of iUnixenusi Jones 1944 Diplopoda Polyxenidae found c05/05/2021 a1-90 v633 a

Unixenus Jones, 1944 (Polyxenidae) is the dominant genus of penicillate millipedes found throughout mainland Australia. Herein, a new species, Unixenus mossmanus sp. nov., is described from coastal forest near Mossman. The new species is similar to U. karajinensis, sharing the same sensilla pattern on antennal article VI and the same arrangement of leg setae. Unixenus mossmanus sp. nov. differs by having only 3 ornamental trichomes c per side (v. 5-9), 2 pairs coxal glands in the male (v. 6 pairs), and a slender claw (v. robust). These characteristics differ from those of U. karajinensis, which has 5–9 ornamental trichomes c; 6 pairs coxal glands in male; and a robust claw structure. 18S sequence of Unixenus mossmanus sp. nov. is included.

10aAustralia10aDiplopoda10aPolyxenidae10aQueensland10aUnixenus1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://www.qm.qld.gov.au/About+Us/Publications/Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum/MQM+Vol+63/Huynh-Veenstra01358nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001800222490001300240520079800253100001701051700002501068856013101093 2018 eng d00aTwo new species of penicillate millipedes (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) from Phu Quoc Island in southern Vietnam0 aTwo new species of penicillate millipedes Diplopoda Polyxenidae  c28 March 20180 v4402 (2)3 a

Two new penicillate millipede species from the genera Unixenus and Monographis (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) were collected
from Phu Quoc Island, Vietnam’s largest island. Unixenus intragramineus sp. n. was found within the stem of a
creeping grass growing on an unstable, sandy substrate in the intertidal zone. The defining taxonomic characteristics of
the genus Unixenus were apparent in U. intragramineus sp. n., but it is distinctively different from all described species.
Monographis phuquocensis sp. n. belongs to a group of Monographis species which have their antennal sensilla arranged
in a crescent-shape; but the structure of the labrum and telotarsus observed in this new species differs from other described
Monographis.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/two-new-species-penicillate-millipedes-diplopoda-polyxenidae-phu-quoc-island-southern01741nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001700208490000800225520120300233100001701436700002501453856012901478 2018 eng d00aTwo new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia0 aTwo new Lophoturus species Diplopoda Polyxenida Lophoproctidae f c7 March 20180 v7413 a

Lophoturus queenslandicus Verhoeff, 1924 was the first penicillate millipede in the family Lophoproctidae
collected from Cairns, a tropical region in Queensland, Australia, to be formally described. Specimens
collected from this region in a recent study had the morphological characters known to define this genus.
However, their body form and length, as well as dorsal colouration proved to be different, suggesting
the possibility of more than one Lophoturus species. This assertion was supported by the results of a
phylogenetic analysis of DNA extracted and sequenced using 18S and COI regions from L. queenslandicus
and two undescribed species from this genus. Specimens preserved in ethanol can prove difficult to
confidently identify to species level because their colour gradually fades. Examination of live specimens
with their body colour visible, together with morphological characters and DNA analysis is the most
reliable way of correctly distinguishing between these three species. Two new species, L. boondallus sp. n.
and L. molloyensis sp. n. collected in Queensland, Australia are described.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/two-new-lophoturus-species-diplopoda-polyxenida-lophoproctidae-queensland-australia01873nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260002100206490001100227520133300238100001701571700002501588856012601613 2018 eng d00aTwo new species of Phryssonotus (Diplopoda: Synxenidae) from southern and western Australia0 aTwo new species of Phryssonotus Diplopoda Synxenidae from southe c23 February 20180 v65 (4)3 a

For many years Phryssonotus novaehollandiae Silvestri, 1923 was thought to be the only species of this genus
present in Australia. Specimens collected from three geographically separated populations had similar taxonomically
important morphological characters and body lengths. However, their body scale trichomes exhibited three distinctive
patterns: a trapezoid, T-shape, or dark banding, and the length-to-width ratios of their trichomes also differed. These
differences, as well as results of phylogenetic analysis using 18S and COI gene regions from representatives of the three
populations, suggested that more than one Phryssonotus species were present. Specimens of Phryssonotus preserved in
ethanol can prove difficult to distinguish because the colour patterning gradually fades. Examination of the colour patterns
of live specimens, other morphological characters and DNA analysis together, were found to be the most reliable method
of correctly distinguishing between these three species. P. novaehollandiae Silvestri, 1923, the first described species
collected from South Australia, remains, with its range extended to inland Victoria, and two new species (P. australis,
sp. nov. and P. occidentalis, sp. nov.) are described.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/two-new-species-phryssonotus-diplopoda-synxenidae-southern-and-western-australia02298nas a2200169 4500008004100000245020100041210006900242260001900311490000700330520164900337653001501986653001502001653002602016100001702042700002502059856004402084 2016 eng d00aReproduction, egg morphology and development observed in two Australian penicillate millipedes, Lophoturus queenslandicus (Lophoproctidae) and Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Synxenidae) (Diplopoda)0 aReproduction egg morphology and development observed in two Aust c16 August 20160 v643 a

Lophoproctid and synxenid millipede species observed in this study showed clear differences in their
sexual reproduction, including sperm web structure, egg morphology and development compared with species from
Polyxenidae. Male Lophoturus queenslandicus (Lophoproctidae) produce a single spermatophore on a sperm web
without signal threads due to their lack of silk-producing coxal glands. Females of this species lay fewer eggs and differ
in their egg cluster arrangement, which includes nest trichomes for protection. Lophoproctid chorion has a thin
protective membrane and the pupoid has fused papillae covering the entire anterior region and an aperture bordered
by protective papillate sensilla is present at the apex of the pupoid. Lophoproctid millipedes have a comparatively short
intermoult period between stadia. In contrast, male Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Synxenidae) produce two
spermatophores separated by a large gap on their sperm web, with signal threads that are less obvious. Synxenid chorion
and pupoid stages were unique; the chorion was tough and thick and the pupoid had anterior projections without an
aperture bordered by sensilla, unlike those observed in lophoproctid and polyxenid millipedes. This study extends
knowledge of the reproduction of species from three major millipede families from the Suborder Polyxenida
(Penicillata: Diplopoda). Additionally, the results indicate that the reproductive strategies of Australian lophoproctid
and synxenid species are adapted to their harsh environment.

10aArthropoda10amorphology10areproductive biology.1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://www.publish.csiro.au/zo/zo1603501381nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260001500238490001300253520080100266100001701067700002501084856013801109 2015 eng d00aDescription of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam.0 aDescription of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the g c8 May 20150 v3964 (4)3 a

A new species of penicillate millipede, from genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae), was collected from Trang
Bom and Dinh Quan, within the Dong Nai province, southern Vietnam. Taxonomic characteristics of the genus Monographis
Attems, 1907, were used to formally describe this new species. Sensilla of the 6th antennal article and claw structures
of Monographis dongnaiensis were compared with those of M. tamoyoensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus.
Genomic DNA of M. dongnaiensis was compared with the DNA of other species within the genus Monographis. Monographis
dongnaiensis is confirmed as the ninth member of the genus Monographis and named Monographis dongnaiensis
after the collection site Dong Nai province in Vietnam.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/description-new-species-penicillate-millipede-genus-monographis-diplopoda-polyxenidae-foun-001380nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260001500238490001300253520080100266100001701067700002501084856013701109 2015 eng d00aDescription of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam.0 aDescription of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the g c8 May 20150 v3964 (4)3 a

A new species of penicillate millipede, from genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae), was collected from Trang
Bom and Dinh Quan, within the Dong Nai province, southern Vietnam. Taxonomic characteristics of the genus Monographis
Attems, 1907, were used to formally describe this new species. Sensilla of the 6th antennal article and claw structures
of Monographis dongnaiensis were compared with those of M. tamoyoensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus.
Genomic DNA of M. dongnaiensis was compared with the DNA of other species within the genus Monographis. Monographis
dongnaiensis is confirmed as the ninth member of the genus Monographis and named Monographis dongnaiensis
after the collection site Dong Nai province in Vietnam.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/description-new-species-penicillate-millipede-genus-monographis-diplopoda-polyxenidae-found01381nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260000900222490001100231520082900242100001701071700002501088856013401113 2014 eng d00aReproduction, egg morphology and development observed in Monographis queenslandica (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae)0 aReproduction egg morphology and development observed in Monograp c20140 v11 (2)3 a

This study provides new insight into penicillate sexual behaviour and egg
development as observed in Monographis queenslandicus Huynh et Veenstra, 2013
(Polyxenidae). The developing eggs were found to have two distinct stages, namely the
chorion and pupoid, which both proved to be of 12–14 days duration. Both stages were
characterized by distinctive external morphology. Morphological features observed pre
ecdysis included the development of a smooth, tough membrane of the chorion. In contrast,
the pupoid stage exhibited an embryonic cuticle with tiny spines, which were later being
used to rupture the chorion. Additionally, an aperture bordered by protective sensilla
located on the anterior of the pupoid is described for the first time.

1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, Anneke, A. uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/reproduction-egg-morphology-and-development-observed-monographis-queenslandica-diplopoda01100nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260001500255300001200270490001300282520046400295653001400759653001800773653001500791100001700806700001700823856006600840 2013 eng d a1175-532600aTaxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia0 aTaxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of c23 09 2013 a573-5880 v3721 (6)3 a

Monographis queenslandicus n. sp. is described from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The genus Monographis may be
divided into two groups based on the arrangement of sensilla on the 6th antennal article. Species with a crescent-shape arrangement
are M. kraepelini, M. annandalei, M. baihualingensis, M. demangei and M. mirus; species with a triangular
arrangement are M. tamoyensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus n. sp.

10alifecycle10aMicroantatomy10amorphology1 aHuynh, Cuong1 aVeenstra, A. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3721.6.4