00651nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003400041210003200075260010700107520022300214100002800437856007600465 1898 eng d00a[Letter to Ludwig Döderlein]0 aLetter to Ludwig Döderlein aStrasbourg, Grand Est, FrancebArchives de la Ville et de l’Eurométropole de Strasbourgc08/08/18983 a

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1898, August 8). [Letter to Ludwig Döderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

1 aVerhoeff, Carl, Wilhelm uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/letter-ludwig-d%C3%B6derlein-102662nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260001500232300001700247490000700264520185000271653001402121653001702135653001702152653002102169653001802190100002402208700001902232700001902251700001802270700002202288700002302310856006302333 2021 eng d a2045-775800aPitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda)0 aPitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen c28/06/2021 a9864– 98750 v113 a

Abstract Pitfall trapping is one of the standard methods used for the capture of ground-active arthropod groups. Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3 cm, 5 cm, and 12 cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70% ethanol and glycerol and 4% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45 days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (d = 12 cm) and medium (5 cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small-sized traps (3 cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (d = 5 cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (d = 5 and 12 cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.

10abody size10acapture rate10afixing fluid10amethod selection10atrap diameter1 aStašiov, Slavomír1 aČiliak, Marek1 aWiezik, Michal1 aSvitok, Marek1 aWieziková, Adela1 aDiviaková, Andrea uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.782001883nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260001500209300000800224490000600232520117700238100002701415700001701442700002001459700002601479700002901505700002401534700001901558700002101577856005501598 2020 eng d a2399-364200aDetritivore conversion of litter into faeces accelerates organic matter turnover0 aDetritivore conversion of litter into faeces accelerates organic c11/11/2020 a1-90 v33 a

Litter-feeding soil animals are notoriously neglected in conceptual and mechanistic biogeochemical models. Yet, they may be a dominant factor in decomposition by converting large amounts of plant litter into faeces. Here, we assess how the chemical and physical changes occurring when litter is converted into faeces alter their fate during further decomposition with an experimental test including 36 combinations of phylogenetically distant detritivores and leaf litter of contrasting physicochemical characteristics. We show that, across litter and detritivore species, litter conversion into detritivore faeces enhanced organic matter lability and thereby accelerated carbon cycling. Notably, the positive conversion effect on faeces quality and decomposition increased with decreasing quality and decomposition of intact litter. This general pattern was consistent across detritivores as different as snails and woodlice, and reduced differences in quality and decomposition amongst litter species. Our data show that litter conversion into detritivore faeces has far-reaching consequences for the understanding and modelling of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

1 aJoly, François-Xavier1 aCoq, Sylvain1 aCoulis, Mathieu1 aDavid, Jean-François1 aHättenschwiler, Stephan1 aMueller, Carsten, W1 aPrater, Isabel1 aSubke, Jens-Arne uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01392-4