02068nas a2200217 4500008004100000022002500041245009700066210007100163300001000234490000700244520139500251653001801646653001601664653001701680653001401697653001201711653001601723653001201739100002901751856007001780 2014 eng d a2145-7166, 0304-358400aRegistro de las especies de ciempiés (Chilopoda) y milpiés (Diplopoda) de Sinaloa, México0 aRegistro de las especies de ciempiés Chilopoda y milpiés Diplopo a73-760 v363 a

Resumen: Se proporciona un listado de las especies de ciempiés (Chilopoda) y milpiés (Diplopoda) registradas en Sinaloa, México. Actualmente, se sabe que siete especies y una subespecie de ciempiés y una especie de milpiés se distribuyen en este estado mexicano. Dos especies y una subespecie de ciempiés son endémicas del país: Aztekophilus (Thylakiophilus) mexicanus, Scolopendra octodentata y S. viridis genuina. Una especie de milpiés es endémica: Aspidiophon divisum. Se incluyen las localidades de recolecta en Sinaloa.

Records of centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) species from Sinaloa, Mexico

Abstract: A checklist of centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) species recorded in Sinaloa, Mexico, is provided. Currently, seven species and one subspecies of centipedes and one species of millipedes are known to occur in this state. Two species and one subspecies are endemic to Mexico: Aztekophilus (Thylakiophilus) mexicanus, Scolopendra octodentata, and S. viridis genuina. One millipede species is endemic: Aspidiophon divisum. The checklist includes collecting localities in Sinaloa.

10aArthrorhabdus10aAspidiophon10aAztekophilus10aMyriapoda10aRhysida10aScolopendra10aSinaloa1 aCupul-Magaña, Fabio, G. uhttps://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/actbio/article/view/32911200362nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005200041210004600093260001200139300000800151490000700159100002000166856005400186 1880 eng d00aNote on a larval Lithobius-like Myriapod0 aNote on a larval iLithobiusilike Myriapod c05/1880 a3760 v141 aRyder, John, A. uhttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4103925801827nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260001500210300000900225490000600234520115100240653001501391653001801406653001201424653001301436653001501449653001101464100001801475700001901493700002401512856004901536 2014 eng d a1314-282800aMillipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)0 aMillipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses Myriapoda Diplop c11/04/2014 a1-430 v23 a

A review is given of all the literature records of millipedes and centipedes that have been found in German greenhouses together with additional records for 29 such sites. Species lists are given for 46 greenhouses investigated throughout Germany. Thirty-five diplopod and 18 chilopod species were found to occur in greenhouses, of which 15 (3 Chilopoda, 12 Diplopoda) are restricted to this type of habitat. First records for Germany include Anadenobolus monilicornis (Porat, 1876), Epinannolene cf. trinidadensis Chamberlin, 1918, Epinannolene sp., Mesoiulus gridellii Strasser, 1934, Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891, Lamyctes coeculus (Brölemann, 1889) and Tygarrup javanicus (Attems, 1907). The millipedes Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) and Amphitomeus attemsi (Schubart, 1934) and the centipedes Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) are the species most frequently found in greenhouses.

10acentipedes10afirst records10aGermany10ahothouse10amillipedes10areview1 aDecker, Peter1 aReip, Hans, S.1 aVoigtländer, Karin uhttps://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=106600651nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003400041210003200075260010700107520022300214100002800437856007600465 1898 eng d00a[Letter to Ludwig Döderlein]0 aLetter to Ludwig Döderlein aStrasbourg, Grand Est, FrancebArchives de la Ville et de l’Eurométropole de Strasbourgc08/08/18983 a

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1898, August 8). [Letter to Ludwig Döderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

1 aVerhoeff, Carl, Wilhelm uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/letter-ludwig-d%C3%B6derlein-102210nas a2200253 4500008004100000022002500041245011300066210006900179260001500248300001200263490000700275520140800282653001101690653001901701653001801720653001201738653002501750653002901775100002501804700002101829700002801850700001901878856005901897 2020 eng d a1752-458X, 1752-459800aIncrease of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis0 aIncrease of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental  c16/07/2020 a508-5180 v133 a
  1. A dramatic insect decline has been documented on the grasslands and forests of European or North American mainland. Yet, other parts of the world and other ecosystems remain much less studied with unknown patterns.
  2. Using a unique time-series dataset, we investigate recent trends on abundance and richness of arthropods sampled in Azorean native forest over 6 years (2013–2018).
  3. We test the hypothesis that biodiversity erosion drivers are changing the diversity and relative species abundance structure (species abundance distribution, SAD) of endemics, native non-endemics and exotic species over time. We also examine temporal trends in abundance for each individual species.
  4. In contrast with mainland studies, we observed no decline in overall arthropod diversity, but a clear increase in the diversity of exotic arthropods and some evidence of a tendency for decreasing abundance for some endemic species. We also document stronger species turnover for exotic species, but no specific changes in the SAD.
  5. We argue that many changes, particularly in unique systems such as islands, will be noticed not at the richness but mostly at compositional level. Special attention should be given to exotic species which are known to be one of the major drivers of biodiversity erosion on islands.
10aAzores10aExotic species10ainvertebrates10aIslands10along-term monitoring10asampling standardisation1 aBorges, Paulo, A. V.1 aRigal, François1 aRos‐Prieto, Alejandra1 aCardoso, Pedro uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/icad.1243102387nas a2200265 4500008004100000022002500041245015700066210006900223260001500292300001000307490000700317520151200324653002201836653001901858653002601877653002501903653002901928100002401957700001701981700002201998700001702020700001902037700001702056856004802073 2021 eng d a1314-2615, 1768-144800aDon’t forget the vertical dimension: assessment of distributional dynamics of cave-dwelling invertebrates in both ground and parietal microhabitats0 aDon t forget the vertical dimension assessment of distributional c14/10/2021 a43-630 v403 a

Biological studies on factors shaping underground communities are poor, especially those considering simultaneously organisms with different degrees of adaptation to cave life. In this study, we assessed the annual dynamics and use of both horizontal and vertical microhabitats of a whole community with the aim of understanding whether cave-dwelling organisms have a similar distribution among vertical and ground-level microhabitats and to find out which microhabitat features influence such distribution. We monthly assessed from 2017 to 2018, by direct observation combined with quadrat sampling method on the ground and transects on the walls, richness and abundance of 62 cave-dwelling species in a cave of Northern Italy. Environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, relative humidity and mineralogical composition of the substrates were measured during each monitoring session, influencing the dynamics of the whole community and revealing significant differences between ground and wall microhabitats. A gradient of variation of the species assemblages occurred from the entrance toward inner areas, however, evidence that the dynamics of the walls are very different from those occurring at the ground independent from the distance from the surface are shown. Biodiversity indices highlighted sampling area diversity and a discrete total cave fauna biodiversity with the highest values found near the entrance and the lowest in the inner part of the cave.

10acave biodiversity10acave community10aenvironmental drivers10asubterranean biology10asubterranean environment1 aBalestra, Valentina1 aLana, Enrico1 aCarbone, Cristina1 aDe Waele, Jo1 aManenti, Raoul1 aGalli, Loris uhttps://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/71805/02448nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001500204300000900219490000700228520175800235653001801993653002002011653001402031653002002045653002202065653002102087653001702108100002002125700001802145856004302163 2020 eng d a2075-445000aSoil Health and Arthropods: From Complex System to Worthwhile Investigation0 aSoil Health and Arthropods From Complex System to Worthwhile Inv c16/01/2020 a1-210 v113 a

The dramatic increase in soil degradation in the last few decades has led to the need to identify methods to define not only soil quality but also, in a holistic approach, soil health. In the past twenty years, indices based on living communities have been proposed alongside the already proven physical-chemical methods. Among them, some soil invertebrates have been included in monitoring programs as bioindicators of soil quality. Being an important portion of soil fauna, soil arthropods are involved in many soil processes such as organic matter decomposition and translocation, nutrient cycling, microflora activity regulation and bioturbation. Many studies have reported the use of soil arthropods to define soil quality; among taxa, some have been explored more in depth, typically Acari and Collembola, while generally less abundant groups, such as Palpigradi or Embioptera, have not been investigated much. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the use of different soil microarthropod taxa in soil degradation/quality studies to highlight which groups are the most reported for soil monitoring and which are the most sensitive to soil degradation. We have decided not to include the two most present and abundant taxa, Acari and Collembola, in this paper in consideration of the vast amount of existing literature and focus the discussion on the other microarthropod groups. We reported some studies for each taxon highlighting the use of the group as soil quality indicator. A brief section reporting some indices based on soil microarthropods is proposed at the end of this specific discussion. This paper can be considered as a reference point in the use of soil arthropods to estimate soil quality and health.

10abioindicators10amacroarthropods10amesofauna10amicroarthropods10asoil biodiversity10asoil degradation10asoil quality1 aMenta, Cristina1 aRemelli, Sara uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/1/5404163nas a2200277 4500008004100000245009200041210007200133260007100205300000700276520333800283653001403621653001603635653001503651653001403666653001503680653001303695653001403708653001403722653001403736653001403750653001303764653001603777653001603793100002203809856005403831 2020 eng d00aKaryotypová variabilita stonožkovců (Myriapoda) / Karyotype variability of Myriapoda0 aKaryotypová variabilita stonožkovců Myriapoda Karyotype variabil aPraguebUniverzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakultac13/07/2020 a383 a

Abstrakt: Bakalářská práce pojednává o diploidních počtech chromozomů, jejich morfologii a chromozomovém mechanismu určení pohlaví u čtyřech tříd podkmene Myriapoda. Pozornost je zároveň věnována vzájemným fylogenetickým vztahům v rámci podkmene. Přehled literatury ukazuje míru prozkoumanosti cytogenetických charakteristik u jednotlivých tříd, která je zejména ve třídách Pauropoda a Symphyla stále velmi nízká a v rámci třídy Diplopoda je stále ještě velké množství řádů, kde nám tyto informace zcela chybí. Cytogenetické analýzy odhalily celkové rozpětí počtu chromozomů pro: Pauropoda 2n = 12 – 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 – 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 – 54 a Diplopoda 2n = 8 – 30. V rámci všech čtyř tříd se vyskytují jak morfologicky nediferencované pohlavní chromozomy, tak systémy typu XX/XY a XX/X0. Navíc je u řádu Spirostreptida uváděný i systém X1X1X2X2/X1X20. Pouze u malého množství druhů z řádů Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida a Lithobiomorpha a čeledi Scutigerellidae se podařilo identifikovat výskyt NORů. V práci se také podařilo identifikovat některé neshody mezi údaji různých prací, kdy se ukazuje, že zejména některé starší studie byly postaveny na špatném pozorování chromozomů v karyotypu.

Karyotype variability of Myriapoda

Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with diploid numbers of chromosomes, their morphology and chromosome mechanism of sex determination in four classes of the subphylum Myriapoda. Attention is also paid to mutual phylogenetic relationships within the subphylum. A review of the literature shows the degree of examination of cytogenetic characteristics in individual classes, which is still very low, especially in the classes Pauropoda and Symphyla, and within the class Diplopoda there are still a large number of orders where we completely lack this information. Cytogenetic analyzes revealed a total range of chromosome numbers for: Pauropoda 2n = 12 - 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 - 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 - 54 and Diplopoda 2n = 8 - 30. Within all four classes, there are both morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and XX/XY and XX/X0 systems. In addition, the X1X1X2X2/X1X20 system is mentioned for the order Spirostreptida. Only a small number of species from the orders Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida, Lithobiomorpha and from family Scutigerellidae were able to identify the occurrence of NORs. The work also managed to identify some discrepancies between the data of different works, which shows that especially some older studies were based on poor observation of chromosomes in the karyotype.

10aChilopoda10achromosomes10achromozomy10aDiplopoda10afylogeneze10akaryotyp10akaryotype10aMyriapoda10aPauropoda10aphylogeny10aSymphyla10avariabilita10avariability1 aKášová, Adéla uhttps://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/11972502418nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001500245300000800260490000700268520155400275653002501829653002501854653002201879653001601901653002801917653002701945100002001972700001901992700002602011700001902037700002202056700001802078856004402096 2020 eng d a2073-439500aManagement Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alters Soil Macro- Invertebrate Communities Differently0 aManagement Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alt c28/05/2020 a1-90 v103 a

Land-use changes and especially management intensification currently pose a major threat to biodiversity both on and beneath the soil surface. With a comparative approach, we investigated how management intensity in orchards and meadows influences soil macro-invertebrate communities in a North-Italian Alpine region. We compared soil fauna assemblies from traditional low-input sites with respective intensively managed ones. As expected, the taxonomical richness and diversity were lower in both intensive management types. Extensive management of both types revealed similar communities, while intensification led to substantial differences between management types. From these results, we conclude that intensification of agricultural practices severely alters the soil fauna community and biodiversity in general, however, the direction of these changes is governed by the management type. In our view, extensive management, traditional for mountain areas, favors soil fauna communities that have adapted over a long time and can thus be viewed as a sustainable reference condition for new production systems that consider the protection of soil diversity in order to conserve essential ecosystem functions.

Recommended citation: Guariento E, Colla F, Steinwandter M, Plunger J, Tappeiner U, Seeber J. (2020): Management Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alters Soil Macro- Invertebrate Communities Differently. Agronomy, 10 (6), Art. 767: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060767

10amanagement intensity10amountain agriculture10asoil biodiversity10aSouth Tyrol10asustainable agriculture10atraditional management1 aGuariento, Elia1 aColla, Filippo1 aSteinwandter, Michael1 aPlunger, Julia1 aTappeiner, Ulrike1 aSeeber, Julia uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/76701282nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001200214300001000226520079400236100002701030700002001057856005901077 2020 eng d a0242-177100aMyriapodes chilopodes et diplopodes des souterrains de Paris et de sa proche banlieue0 aMyriapodes chilopodes et diplopodes des souterrains de Paris et  c03/2020 a39-473 a

Une campagne d’échantillonnage des invertébrés a été menée dans les réseaux souterrains de la ville de Paris et de la banlieue proche. Le présent travail présente les résultats obtenus concernant les myriapodes (chilopodes et diplopodes) issus de ces récoltes. Six espèces de chilopodes (Classe Chilopoda) et neuf espèces de diplopodes (Classe Diplopoda) ont pu être identifiées. Parmi ces dernières, certaines espèces sont nouvelles pour les départements des Yvelines, des Hauts-de-Seine et de la Seine-Saint-Denis. Ces résultats contribuent à l'enrichissement des inventaires et atlas des myriapodes de France (project INAMYFRA).

1 aGeoffroy, Jean-Jacques1 aFerrand, Marina uhttps://publications.ffspeleo.fr/bulletin.php?id=2599901587nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127520074200196100002000938700001900958700001800977700001800995700002101013700001901034700002001053700002401073700001801097700002301115700002101138700002201159700002001181856014401201 2017 eng d00aBiological and chemical indicators of soil condition in Bulgarian agro-ecosystems0 aBiological and chemical indicators of soil condition in Bulgaria3 a

This report presents the results of the mapping and assessment of soil biodiversity and its functions in cropland dominated landscapes in Bulgaria. We summarize the motivation for the assessment, highlighting the importance of assessing biodiversity-mediated processes in the soil, to complement soil condition indicators based on physical and chemical properties of soils. Soil organisms are involved in several critical ecological processes that mediate various benefits associated to cropland productivity such as soil organic matter formation, organic matter decomposition and nutrient circulation, symbiotic functions with plants that promote nutrient and water uptake, and pest and disease control through natural enemies.

1 aRusch, Graciela1 aBlaalid, Rakel1 aDahle, Sondre1 aDedov, Ivailo1 aElshishka, Milka1 aFossøy, Frode1 aLazarova, Stela1 aMladenov, Alexander1 aPeneva, Vlada1 aRadoslavov, Georgi1 aStoyanov, Ivailo1 aVagalinski, Boyan1 aYordanov, Yavor uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/340095492_Biological_and_chemical_indicators_of_soil_condition_in_Bulgarian_agro-ecosystems_Editor00710nas a2200097 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114520032800183100002000511856008100531 2020 eng d00aNewsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, 41, Autumn 20200 aNewsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group 41 Autumn 203 a

The newsletter includes items on: Centipede atlas update. The Darwin Tree of Life project. Luminous centipedes. Some rainforest goodies. Paul Richards giving an introduction to millipedes. Hebridean fossil millipedes in the Times.

Published: 15.11.2020 (website upload date, communicated by Steve Gregory).

1 aRead, Helen, J. uhttps://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/news/BMIGnews41-2020.pdf00667nas a2200097 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114520028500183100002000468856008100488 2020 eng d00aNewsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, 40, Spring 20200 aNewsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group 40 Spring 203 a

The newsletter includes items on: Ophyiulus germanicus, with Laboulbeniales fungus. Melogona voigtii confirmed new to England. Luminous centipedes. First record of a pocket centipede? Leptoiulus belgicus down sauf.

Published: 11.03.2020

1 aRead, Helen, J. uhttps://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/news/BMIGnews40-2020.pdf01302nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001500214300001000229490000700239520063800246653001000884653001400894653001700908653001100925653002300936653001600959100002700975700002201002856004801024 2020 eng d a1768-144800aTerrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves – a summary of 100 years of research0 aTerrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves a summary of 100  c13/02/2020 a45-690 v333 a

The year 2018 is particularly important in the history of zoological research in Poland. A hundred years ago, Kazimierz Demel published the first work concerning the terrestrial cave fauna of caves in the Ojców area. In this paper we present the extent of research on the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves in the last 100 years. All accessible research papers that have been published during this period were analysed. Based on published literature, 593 species of terrestrial invertebrate were recorded in Polish caves. Additionally, detailed list of species of individual taxonomic groups was provided.

10acaves10achecklist10ainvertebrate10aPoland10asubterranean fauna10aterrestrial1 aKocot-Zalewska, Joanna1 aDomagała, Paweł uhttps://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/48805/00916nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260001500185300001200200490000700212520048000219100002900699856005400728 1893 eng d00aNotes upon the species of Myriopoda Syngnatha, described by Thomas Say0 aNotes upon the species of Myriopoda Syngnatha described by Thoma c30/11/1893 a144-1490 v463 a

Dating remark: Publication date is set to 30 November 1893 following Shelley & Backeljau (1995).
Shelley, R. M. & T. Backeljau (1995): Plutoniinae Bollman, 1893 (Arthropoda, Chilopoda) And Plutoniinae Cockerell, 1893 (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Proposed Removal Of Homonymy. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 52 (2): 150–152. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.6752

1 aBollman, Charles, Harvey uhttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3236848901924nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260001200230300001400242490000700256520127800263653001401541653001501555653001401570653001101584653001201595653001301607100002001620700001701640856004901657 2018 eng d00aChecklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)0 aChecklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a cor c12/2020 a1131-11400 v143 a

An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.

10aChilopoda10aCretaceous10aDiplopoda10afossil10aMyanmar10aSymphyla1 aWesener, Thomas1 aMoritz, Leif uhttps://checklist.pensoft.net/article/30320/03914nas a2200505 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260001500252300000900267490000700276520241600283653002402699653001302723653002302736653002102759653001802780653001802798653002102816653001202837653001902849100002702868700002002895700002202915700002102937700002202958700001802980700001702998700001703015700001803032700002303050700002003073700002303093700002403116700001803140700002403158700002803182700002703210700001903237700002003256700001403276700001903290700002103309856007803330 2020 eng d a1471-214800aFour myriapod relatives – but who are sisters? No end to debates on relationships among the four major myriapod subgroups0 aFour myriapod relatives but who are sisters No end to debates on c04/11/2020 a1-150 v203 a

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among the myriapod subgroups Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda are still not robustly resolved. The first phylogenomic study covering all subgroups resolved phylogenetic relationships congruently to morphological evidence but is in conflict with most previously published phylogenetic trees based on diverse molecular data. Outgroup choice and long-branch attraction effects were stated as possible explanations for these incongruencies. In this study, we addressed these issues by extending the myriapod and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

Results: We generated new transcriptome data of 42 panarthropod species, including all four myriapod subgroups and additional outgroup taxa. Our taxon sampling was complemented by published transcriptome and genome data resulting in a supermatrix covering 59 species. We compiled two data sets, the first with a full coverage of genes per species (292 single-copy protein-coding genes), the second with a less stringent coverage (988 genes). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among myriapods using different data types, tree inference, and quartet computation approaches. Our results unambiguously support monophyletic Mandibulata and Myriapoda. Our analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups. However, we observe strong evidence for a clade Pauropoda+Symphyla, as well as for a clade Chilopoda+Diplopoda.

Conclusions: Our best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study. AU tests and quartet mapping reject the quartet topology congruent to trees inferred with morphological characters. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data set is sufficient to explain the weak signal for the quartet topology derived from morphological characters. Although outgroup choice affects results, our study could narrow possible trees to derivatives of a single quartet topology. For highly disputed relationships, we propose to apply a series of tests (AU and quartet mapping), since results of such tests allow to narrow down possible relationships and to rule out confounding signal.

 

10aArthropod phylogeny10aconflict10aConfounding signal10aInternal rooting10aPhylogenetics10aphylogenomics10aQuartet topology10aRNA-Seq10aTranscriptomes1 aSzucsich, Nikolaus, U.1 aBartel, Daniela1 aBlanke, Alexander1 aBöhm, Alexander1 aDonath, Alexander1 aFukui, Makiko1 aGrove, Simon1 aLiu, Shanlin1 aMacek, Oliver1 aMachida, Ryuichiro1 aMisof, Bernhard1 aNakagaki, Yasutaka1 aPodsiadlowski, Lars1 aSekiya, Kaoru1 aTomizuka, Shigekazu1 aVon Reumont, Björn, M.1 aWaterhouse, Robert, M.1 aWalzl, Manfred1 aMeng, Guanliang1 aZhou, Xin1 aPass, Günther1 aMeusemann, Karen uhttps://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-020-01699-000536nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260006600179300001400245490000700259520005600266100002900322856005100351 1888 eng d00aDescriptions of fourteen new species of North American myriapods0 aDescriptions of fourteen new species of North American myriapods bWashington :Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.]c19/09/1888 a617–6270 v103 a

Remark: Published in signatures 39 and 40.

1 aBollman, Charles, Harvey uhttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/23758