03112nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260001500241490000700256520231800263653001402581653002202595653001002617100003102627700003602658700003302694700003102727700002702758700003502785856006202820 2020 eng d a1678-919900aMitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induced in mice by Scolopendra polymorpha venom0 aMitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induce c29/05/20200 v263 a

Background: Scolopendra polymorpha (S. polymorpha) is a predatory centipede whose venom contains a multiplicity of biochemical effectors that can cause muscle damage and cumulative cell destruction in its prey. Despite previous investigations of S. polymorpha and other centipede venoms, there is a lack of information on the morphological and biochemical patterns elicited by their myotoxic effects. To elucidate these processes, this paper presents evidence of skeletal muscle damage, and alterations in key biochemical mediators that appear only after exposure to centipede venom.
Methods: Venom was collected and fractionated using RP-HPLC; mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was exposed to whole venom and venom fractions to evaluate myotoxicity by means of creatine kinase (CK) – a muscle damage marker – activity measurements and histochemical analysis.
Results: CK activity was higher in EDL muscle exposed to venom than in unexposed muscle. This increase was observed after 15 min of venom incubation, and remained stable up to 45 min. Venom-exposed EDL muscle showed signs of muscle damage including necrosis, loss of fascicular structure as well as mitochondrial accumulations and ragged red fibers (RRF), suggesting an impairment in the normal mitochondrial arrangement. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) tests also indicate that respiratory complexes might be affected.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a different biochemical composition of S. polymorpha venom, based on the different effects of four venom fractions on the cells tested, according to statistical evidence. Fractions F6 and F7 caused the most important alterations.

Recommended citation: Tabullo De Robles J., Fernández Valverde F., Valladares Cisneros L., Hernández Villeda J., Sánchez-Reyes A., Gutiérrez M. C. (2020): Mitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induced in mice by Scolopendra polymorpha venom. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 26 (e20190079): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2019-0079

10aCentipede10aMyotoxic activity10aVenom1 aDe Robles, Judith, Tabullo1 aValverde, Francisca, Fernández1 aCisneros, Lucero, Valladares1 aVilleda, Juana, Hernández1 aSánchez-Reyes, Ayixon1 aGutiérrez, María, del Carmen uhttps://www.scielo.br/j/jvatitd/a/txHpPPwNfNpBStTctQFcPzj03060nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260001200284300000900296520210400305653001802409653001702427653001402444653002002458653001902478653001402497653003802511653001402549653001602563653003302579100002902612700004002641700003102681856007002712 2020 eng d a1021-029600aScolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae): nuevo registro para Oaxaca, México y distribución potencial0 aiScolopendra sumichrastii Saussure 1860 Chilopoda Scolopendromor c03/2020 a1-113 a

Resumen: El ciempiés escolopéndrido Scolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860 se registra por primera vez para Santiago Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, México. Esta especie se reportó previamente para los estados de Chiapas, Hidalgo, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Yucatán en México, así como en Belice, Guatemala y Panamá en Centroamérica. Además, la distribución potencial de S. sumichrasti se evaluó al utilizar los registros de localidades y nueve variables climáticas como predictoras ambientales. El modelo se generó con el programa R. La proyección geográfica (mapa de distribución potencial), puede ser de utilidad para enfocar esfuerzos efectivos de muestreo en áreas específicas de la región, como las vertientes pacífica y atlántica de México, el sur de la Florida en los Estados Unidos de América, islas caribeñas como Cuba, así como Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Ecuador.

Abstract: The scolopendrid centipede Scolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860 is recorded for the first time from Santiago Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico. This species was previously reported from the states of Chiapas, Hidalgo, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Yucatán in Mexico, and from Belize, Guatemala, and Panama in Central America. Also, the potential distribution of S. sumichrasti was evaluated used localities records and nine climate variables as environmental predictors. The modeling was done using the R software. The geographical projection (potential distribution map), will be useful to focus effective sampling efforts in specific areas of the region, such as the Pacific and Atlantic slopes of Mexico, south Florida in the United States of America, Caribbean islands such as Cuba, as well as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Ecuador.

10abiogeografía10abiogeography10aCentipede10aCentral America10aCentroamérica10aciempiés10amodelo de distribución potencial10aNeotropic10aNeotrópico10apotential distribution model1 aToscano, Luis, Francisco1 aFlores-Guerrero, Ubaldo, Sebastián1 aCupul-Magaña, Fabio, Gán uhttp://www.bio-nica.info/RevNicaEntomo/194-Scolopendra-Mexico.pdf02521nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260001500244300001200259490000700271520171600278653001301994653001402007653002102021653000802042653001002050100001902060700001502079700001802094700001802112700001402130700001502144700001702159856006702176 2020 eng d a1323-893000aIsolation and characterization of the major centipede allergen Sco m 5 from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans0 aIsolation and characterization of the major centipede allergen S c14/07/2020 a121-1280 v703 a

Background: Allergic reactions have been observed following both direct centipede bites and the clinical use of centipede-containing medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicines utilizing Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans; however, no natural centipede allergen has yet been characterized.

Methods: An allergen was purified from S. s. mutilans venom using Superdex 75 gel filtration and RESOURCE S ion chromatography, and its primary structure was determined via a combination of LC-MS-MS, MALDI-TOF/TOF and protein sequencing techniques. Its potential allergenicity was evaluated by immunoblotting, ELISAs, skin prick tests (SPTs) and mast cell activation assays.

Results: A novel allergen Sco m 5 (210 amino acids long) was successfully purified from crude S. s. mutilans venom. Sco m 5 could promote the degranulation of a human mast cell line, HMC-1. Among centipede-allergic patients, Sco m 5 showed an 83.3% IgE-binding frequency and a 66.7% positive reaction frequency, as detected by immunoblotting and SPTs, respectively. Sco m 5 IgE-binding frequencies of common Chinese population was found to be 9%–16%. Sera positive for Sco m 5 IgE-binding was cross-reactive against venom from the wasp Vespa mandarinia.

Conclusions: The present study isolated and characterized a novel allergen termed as Sco m 5 from the centipede S. s. mutilans. The use of Sco m 5 to identify centipede-allergic individuals could be important, given the high potential allergenicity of Sco m 5 among the general Chinese population, along with the likely possibility of cross-reactivity against wasp venom among centipede-allergic patients.

10aAllergen10aCentipede10aCross-reactivity10aIgE10aVenom1 aLan, Xin-Qiang1 aZhao, Feng1 aWang, Qi-Quan1 aLi, Jiang-Hua1 aZeng, Lin1 aZhang, Yun1 aLee, Wen-Hui uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S132389302030092702404nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260001500234300001200249490000700261520149500268653001401763653002301777653003401800653001101834100001701845700002001862700001901882700001201901700001901913700001501932700001301947700001701960700001501977700001701992700001502009856006602024 2020 eng d a2095-813700aComparative analysis of diverse toxins from a new pharmaceutical centipede, Scolopendra mojiangica0 aComparative analysis of diverse toxins from a new pharmaceutical c01/03/2020 a138-1470 v413 a

As the oldest venomous animals, centipedes use their venom as a weapon to attack prey and for protection. Centipede venom, which contains many bioactive and pharmacologically active compounds, has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine, as shown by ancient records. Based on comparative analysis, we revealed the diversity of and differences in centipede toxin-like molecules between Scolopendra mojiangica, a substitute pharmaceutical material used in China, and S. subspinipes mutilans. More than 6 000 peptides isolated from the venom were identified by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and inferred from the transcriptome. As a result, in the proteome of S. mojiangica, 246 unique proteins were identified: one in five were toxin-like proteins or putative toxins with unknown function, accounting for a lower percentage of total proteins than that in S. mutilans. Transcriptome mining identified approximately 10 times more toxin-like proteins, which can characterize the precursor structures of mature toxin-like peptides. However, the constitution and quantity of the toxin transcripts in these two centipedes were similar. In toxicity assays, the crude venom showed strong insecticidal and hemolytic activity. These findings highlight the extensive diversity of toxin-like proteins in S. mojiangica and provide a new foundation for the medical-pharmaceutical use of centipede toxin-like proteins.

10aCentipede10aPharmaceutical use10aProteotranscriptomic analysis10aToxins1 aZi-Chao, Liu1 aJin-Yang, Liang1 aXin-Qiang, Lan1 aTao, Li1 aJia-Rui, Zhang1 aFang, Zhao1 aGeng, Li1 aPei-Yi, Chen1 aYun, Zhang1 aWen-Hui, Lee1 aFeng, Zhao uhttp://www.zoores.ac.cn/EN/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.01902902nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245018700055210006900242260001500311300000900326490000800335520196400343653001402307653001402321653001402335653001402349653001302363653002102376100003502397700002102432700002002453700003202473700002902505700002302534856006702557 2020 eng d a0968-432800aEffects of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium on salivary glands and fat body of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda): Histology and ultrastructure0 aEffects of short and longterm exposure to cadmium on salivary gl c30/06/2020 a1-120 v1373 a

Cadmium (Cd) is the most widely studied heavy metal in terms of food-chain accumulation and contamination because it can strongly affect all environments (e.g., soil, water, air). It can accumulate in different tissues and organs and can affect the organism at different levels of organization: from organs, tissues and cells though cell organelles and structures to activation of mechanisms of survival and cell death. In soil-dwelling organisms heavy metals gather in all tissues with accumulation properties: midgut, salivary glands, fat body. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of cadmium on the soil species Lithobius forficatus, mainly on two organs responsible for gathering different substances, the fat body and salivary glands, at the ultrastructural level. Changes caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication, connected with cell death (autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis), and the crosstalk between them, were analyzed. Adult specimens of L. forficatus were collected in a natural environment and divided into three experimental groups: C (the control group), Cd1 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 12 days) and Cd2 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 45 days). Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural alterations in both of the organs analyzed (reduction in the amount of reserve material, the appearance of vacuoles, etc.). Qualitative analysis using TUNEL assay revealed distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in the fat body adipocytes, while crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the salivary glands was detected in salivary glands of the centipedes examined here. We conclude that different organs in the body can react differently to the same stressor, as well as to the same concentration and time of exposure. Different mechanisms at the ultrastructural level activate different types of cell death and with different dynamics.

10aApoptosis10aAutophagy10aCentipede10aMyriapoda10aNecrosis10aReserve material1 aRost-Roszkowska, Magdalena, M.1 aPoprawa, Izabela1 aChajec, Łukasz1 aChachulska-Żymełka, Alina1 aLeśniewska, Małgorzata1 aStudent, Sebastian uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096843282030164502254nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001500245300001000260490000800270520154600278653001401824653001401838653001901852653001401871100001601885700001501901700001701916700001501933700001701948856004701965 2020 eng d a1313-298900aLithobius (Ezembius) varioporus, a new species from eastern China (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae)0 aiLithobiusi iEzembiusi ivarioporusi a new species from eastern C c30/04/2020 a35-480 v9313 a

Lithobius (Ezembius) varioporus sp. nov. (Lithobiomorpha, Lithobiidae), recently discovered from Longquanguan Town, Fuping County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, China, is described. Morphologically it resembles to Lithobius (Ezembius) laevidentata Pei, Ma, Hou, Zhu & Gai, 2015 from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the Tömösváry’s organ, slightly smaller than the adjoining ocelli, no secondary sexual modifications on male tibia 14 and 15, posterior accessory spine of legs 14 and 15 present and the number of coxal pores varying considerably from three to eight. The main morphological characters of the known Chinese species of the subgenus Ezembius Chamberlin, 1919 based on adult specimens are presented.

 

10aCentipede10aChilopoda10aHebei Province10amyriapods1 aPei, Sujian1 aMa, Huiqin1 aLiu, Haipeng1 aLu, Yanmin1 aHou, Xiaojie uhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47305/