02924nas a2200493 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210007100135260001500206300000900221520141900230653002401649653002601673653002301699653002201722653002201744100002101766700001801787700002701805700002801832700002601860700002301886700002001909700001601929700002101945700001901966700002501985700002502010700003002035700001902065700001702084700002602101700003302127700002302160700001802183700003202201700002602233700002202259700001302281700003502294700002302329700001902352856005902371 2022 eng d a2767-035X00aFrontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity Forum 20220 aFrontiers in soil ecology—Insights from the World Biodiversity F c11/11/2022 a1-173 a

Global change is affecting soil biodiversity and functioning across all terrestrial ecosystems. Still, much is unknown about how soil biodiversity and function will change in the future in response to simultaneous alterations in climate and land use, as well as other environmental drivers. It is crucial to understand the direct, indirect and interactive effects of global change drivers on soil communities and ecosystems across environmental contexts, not only today but also in the near future. This is particularly relevant for international efforts to tackle climate change like the Paris Agreement, and considering the failure to achieve the 2020 biodiversity targets, especially the target of halting soil degradation. Here, we outline the main frontiers related to soil ecology that were presented and discussed at the thematic sessions of the World Biodiversity Forum 2022 in Davos, Switzerland. We highlight multiple frontiers of knowledge associated with data integration, causal inference, soil biodiversity and function scenarios, critical soil biodiversity facets, underrepresented drivers, global collaboration, knowledge application and transdisciplinarity, as well as policy and public communication. These identified research priorities are not only of immediate interest to the scientific community but may also be considered in research priority programmes and calls for funding.

10abiodiversity change10aecosystem functioning10ascenario modelling10asoil biodiversity10asoil macroecology1 aEisenhauer, Nico1 aBender, Franz1 aCalderón-Sanou, Irene1 ade Vries, Franciska, T.1 aLembrechts, Jonas, J.1 aThuiller, Wilfried1 aWall, Diana, H.1 aZeiss, Romy1 aBahram, Mohammad1 aBeugnon, Rémy1 aBurton, Victoria, J.1 aCrowther, Thomas, W.1 aDelgado-Baquerizo, Manuel1 aGeisen, Stefan1 aKardol, Paul1 aKrashevska, Valentyna1 aMartínez-Muñoz, Carlos, A.1 aPatoine, Guillaume1 aSeeber, Julia1 aSoudzilovskaia, Nadejda, A.1 aSteinwandter, Michael1 aSünnemann, Marie1 aSun, Xin1 avan der Heijden, Marcel, G. A.1 aGuerra, Carlos, A.1 aPotapov, Anton uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sae2.1203102448nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001500204300000900219490000700228520175800235653001801993653002002011653001402031653002002045653002202065653002102087653001702108100002002125700001802145856004302163 2020 eng d a2075-445000aSoil Health and Arthropods: From Complex System to Worthwhile Investigation0 aSoil Health and Arthropods From Complex System to Worthwhile Inv c16/01/2020 a1-210 v113 a

The dramatic increase in soil degradation in the last few decades has led to the need to identify methods to define not only soil quality but also, in a holistic approach, soil health. In the past twenty years, indices based on living communities have been proposed alongside the already proven physical-chemical methods. Among them, some soil invertebrates have been included in monitoring programs as bioindicators of soil quality. Being an important portion of soil fauna, soil arthropods are involved in many soil processes such as organic matter decomposition and translocation, nutrient cycling, microflora activity regulation and bioturbation. Many studies have reported the use of soil arthropods to define soil quality; among taxa, some have been explored more in depth, typically Acari and Collembola, while generally less abundant groups, such as Palpigradi or Embioptera, have not been investigated much. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the use of different soil microarthropod taxa in soil degradation/quality studies to highlight which groups are the most reported for soil monitoring and which are the most sensitive to soil degradation. We have decided not to include the two most present and abundant taxa, Acari and Collembola, in this paper in consideration of the vast amount of existing literature and focus the discussion on the other microarthropod groups. We reported some studies for each taxon highlighting the use of the group as soil quality indicator. A brief section reporting some indices based on soil microarthropods is proposed at the end of this specific discussion. This paper can be considered as a reference point in the use of soil arthropods to estimate soil quality and health.

10abioindicators10amacroarthropods10amesofauna10amicroarthropods10asoil biodiversity10asoil degradation10asoil quality1 aMenta, Cristina1 aRemelli, Sara uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/1/5402607nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260001500229300000900244490000700253520181500260653001802075653002002093653001402113653002202127653002102149653001702170100002002187700002302207700002302230700002602253700001802279856004402297 2020 eng d a2073-439500aSoil Arthropod Responses in Agroecosystem: Implications of Different Management and Cropping Systems0 aSoil Arthropod Responses in Agroecosystem Implications of Differ c09/07/2020 a1-190 v103 a

The EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP 2014–2020) on soil management points to the combination of sustainable food production with environmental protection, reduction of CO2 emissions, and safeguarding of soil biodiversity. In this study, three farms (in the Emilia-Romagna region), managed with both conventional and conservation practices (the last ones with and without sub-irrigation systems), were monitored from 2014 to 2017 to highlight the impact of different crops and soil managements on soil arthropods, in terms of abundance, composition, and soil biological quality (applying QBS-ar index). To do this, linear mixed models were performed, whereas arthropods assemblages were studied through PERMANOVA and SIMPER analysis. Soil communities varied among farms, although most differences were found among crops depending on management practices. Nonetheless, conservation systems and a wider reduction in anthropogenic practices provided better conditions for soil fauna, enhancing QBS-ar. Moreover, arthropod groups responded to soil practices differently, highlighting their sensitivity to agricultural management. Community assemblages in corn and wheat differed between managements, mainly due to Acari and Collembola, respectively. In conservation management, wheat showed the overall greatest abundance of arthropods, owing to the great number of Acari, Collembola, and Hymenoptera, while the number of arthropod groups were generally higher in crop residues of forage.

Recommended citation: Menta C, Conti FD, Lozano Fondón C, Staffilani F, Remelli S (2020): Soil Arthropod Responses in Agroecosystem: Implications of Different Management and Cropping Systems. Agronomy, 10 (7), Art. 982: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070982

10abioindicators10aland management10amesofauna10asoil biodiversity10asoil degradation10asoil quality1 aMenta, Cristina1 aConti, Federica, D1 aFondón, Carlos, L1 aStaffilani, Francesca1 aRemelli, Sara uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/7/98202635nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260001500259300000900274490000700283520167900290653002701969653002201996653001802018653002402036653001202060653002102072653001302093653002402106100002402130700002002154700002302174700002102197700001702218700002202235700002002257856004402277 2020 eng d a2073-439500aResponse of the Arthropod Community to Soil Characteristics and Management in the Franciacorta Viticultural Area (Lombardy, Italy)0 aResponse of the Arthropod Community to Soil Characteristics and  c21/05/2020 a1-150 v103 a

Soil represents an important pool of biodiversity, hosting about a quarter of the living species on our planet. This soil richness has led to increasing interest in the structural and functional characteristics of its biodiversity. Studies of arthropod responses, in terms of abundance and taxon richness, have increased in relation to their ecological value as bioindicators of environmental change. This research was carried out over the 2014–2018 period with the aim to better understand arthropod taxa responses in vineyard soils in Franciacorta (Lombardy, Italy). To determine the biological composition in terms of arthropod taxa presence, one hundred soil samples were analysed. Environmental characteristics, such as chemical composition, soil moisture and temperature, and soil management were characterized for each soil sample. A total of 19 taxa were identified; the NMDS model analysis and the cluster analysis divided them into five groups according to their co-occurrence patterns. Each group was related to certain abiotic conditions; of these, soil moisture, temperature and organic matter were shown to be significant. A decision tree analysis showed that a longer period since conversion from conventional to organic farming lead to a higher arthropod biodiversity defined as a higher number of taxa.

Recommended citation: Ghiglieno I, Simonetto A, Orlando F, Donna P, Tonni M, Valenti L, Gilioli G. Response of the Arthropod Community to Soil Characteristics and Management in the Franciacorta Viticultural Area (Lombardy, Italy). Agronomy, 10 (5), Art. 740: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050740

10aco-occurrence patterns10asoil biodiversity10asoil moisture10asoil organic matter10asoil pH10asoil temperature10avineyard10avineyard management1 aGhiglieno, Isabella1 aSimonetto, Anna1 aOrlando, Francesca1 aDonna, Pierluigi1 aTonni, Marco1 aValenti, Leonardo1 aGilioli, Gianni uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/74002418nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001500245300000800260490000700268520155400275653002501829653002501854653002201879653001601901653002801917653002701945100002001972700001901992700002602011700001902037700002202056700001802078856004402096 2020 eng d a2073-439500aManagement Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alters Soil Macro- Invertebrate Communities Differently0 aManagement Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alt c28/05/2020 a1-90 v103 a

Land-use changes and especially management intensification currently pose a major threat to biodiversity both on and beneath the soil surface. With a comparative approach, we investigated how management intensity in orchards and meadows influences soil macro-invertebrate communities in a North-Italian Alpine region. We compared soil fauna assemblies from traditional low-input sites with respective intensively managed ones. As expected, the taxonomical richness and diversity were lower in both intensive management types. Extensive management of both types revealed similar communities, while intensification led to substantial differences between management types. From these results, we conclude that intensification of agricultural practices severely alters the soil fauna community and biodiversity in general, however, the direction of these changes is governed by the management type. In our view, extensive management, traditional for mountain areas, favors soil fauna communities that have adapted over a long time and can thus be viewed as a sustainable reference condition for new production systems that consider the protection of soil diversity in order to conserve essential ecosystem functions.

Recommended citation: Guariento E, Colla F, Steinwandter M, Plunger J, Tappeiner U, Seeber J. (2020): Management Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alters Soil Macro- Invertebrate Communities Differently. Agronomy, 10 (6), Art. 767: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060767

10amanagement intensity10amountain agriculture10asoil biodiversity10aSouth Tyrol10asustainable agriculture10atraditional management1 aGuariento, Elia1 aColla, Filippo1 aSteinwandter, Michael1 aPlunger, Julia1 aTappeiner, Ulrike1 aSeeber, Julia uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/76702173nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210007000175260001500245300001200260490000700272520136300279653001201642653001101654653001401665653002201679100002201701700002801723700002801751700002601779700002901805700002101834856006401855 2020 eng d a0034-774400aMacrofauna del suelo y condiciones edafoclimáticas en un gradiente altitudinal de zonas cafeteras, Huila, Colombia0 aMacrofauna del suelo y condiciones edafoclimáticas en un gradien c26/10/2020 a102-1120 v693 a

Soil macrofauna and edaphoclimatic conditions in an altitude gradient of coffee growing regions, Huila, Colombia

Abstract: Introduction: Soil macrofauna plays a key role in soil processes and therefore regulates the supply of ecosystem services; however, its level of activity depends largely of the edaphoclimatic conditions. Objective: This work evaluated the effect of altitude gradient on soil macrofauna communities and edafoclimatic properties in coffee zones of North Huila. Methods: The study included 12 coffee lots separated in two altitude gradients: low (1 300-1 600 masl) and high (1 600-1 900 masl). Soil macrofauna was collected by means of monoliths (25 x 25 cm with 30 cm depth) and edaphoclimatic conditions were studied. Results: A total of 9 520 individuals m-2 and a specific richness of 14 taxa were registered. The edaphoclimatic conditions with the greatest statistical difference between altitude gradients were the environmental temperature and relative humidity with differences of 4.9 °C and 10.4 %, respectively. Conclusions: The highest abundance of Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Isoptera, Lepidoptera was presented in warmer sites, that is, altitude gradient 1 300-1 600 masl, while Chilopoda and Diplopoda adapted better to colder sites in altitude gradient 1 600-1 900 m.a.s.l.

10aclimate10acoffee10aelevation10asoil biodiversity1 aCuellar, Leidy, M1 aSuárez, Leonardo, Ríg1 aTorrejano, Valentín, M1 aTovar, Sergio, Aés O1 aEspinosa, Claudia, MOñe1 aSuárez, Juan, C uhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/42955