01904nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001500233300001200248490000800260520122300268653001501491653001401506653003301520653001401553100001901567700002701586700002101613856006401634 2012 eng d00aSpiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics0 aSpiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes Chilopoda Scol c28/04/2012 a225-2480 v1313 a

The spiracles of scolopendromorph centipedes have long been a source of systematic characters based on their segmental distribution and gross morphology, but microscopic investigations to date have documented only a small number of species. A scanning electron microscopic survey of 34 species that samples the major groups of Scolopendromorpha reveals variability in such features as the structure of the peritremal margin, specific kinds of sensilla and glandular pores on the peritrema, projections on the valves that subdivide the atrium (in Scolopendrinae), and the form of the trichomes around the tracheal openings. Adding new characters from the spiracles to recent morphological datasets for phylogenetic inference reinforces the monophyly of major groups of Scolopendridae and is particularly informative for relationships within Scolopendrini. A bowl-like atrium with the tracheae opening between humps in its floor is more widespread in Scolopendromorpha than previously reported. Shared presence of spiracle muscles in Cryptopidae and Scolopendrinae may reflect convergent evolution of a subatrial cavity in these groups rather than being an apomorphic character for Scolopendromorpha as a whole.

10aCladistics10aphylogeny10aScanning electron microscopy10aSpiracles1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00435-012-0157-002485nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260001500266300000900281490000700290520187300297100001902170700002702189700002102216856007802237 2011 eng d a1096-003100aEvolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): Insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data0 aEvolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes Chilopoda  c24/05/2011 a4-200 v283 a

Relative to its diversity (34 genera, 700 species), Scolopendromorpha has been undersampled in molecular phylogenetic analyses compared with the other chilopod orders. Previous analyses based on morphology have not resolved several key controversies in systematics and evolutionary morphology unambiguously. Here we apply new molecular and morphological data to scolopendromorph phylogenetics, with a focus on the evolution of blindness. The taxonomic sample includes 19 genera, many lacking previous molecular data, and diverse, cosmopolitan genera of Scolopendridae are sampled by multiple species. Phylogenetic analysis with Direct Optimization used 94 morphological characters and ca. 4.5kb of sequence data from two nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA and COI) loci. A single most-parsimonious cladogram selected after sensitivity analyses resolves Scolopendromorpha as monophyletic, and divides it into a blind clade of three families (Plutoniumidae, Cryptopidae, Scolopocryptopidae) and its ocellate sister group, Scolopendridae. Some species-rich, cosmopolitan genera (Cormocephalus, Otostigmus, Scolopendra) in Scolopendridae are non-monophyletic, and in several instances (e.g. New and Old World Scolopendra) relationships are more congruent with geographical distributions than with traditional classifications. The tribe Asanadini is particularly subject to parameter-sensitivity, nesting in the combined analysis within Scolopendrini but as sister to all other Scolopendrinae for molecular data alone. The total-evidence tree unambiguously optimizes trunk segmentation: a 23-segmented trunk has a single origin in the blind clade.

Publication date remark: The publication date in Myriatrix is Wiley's "first published" date of 24/05/2011 and not the issue publication date of 02/2012.

1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x