02749nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260001500221300000900236490000800245520197300253653001902226653001402245653001402259653000902273653001202282653001802294100002102312700002102333700002202354700001902376700002102395856006702416 2020 eng d a0038-071700aRelease of greenhouse gases from millipedes as related to food, body size, and other factors0 aRelease of greenhouse gases from millipedes as related to food b c28/02/2020 a1-100 v1443 a

The release of greenhouse gases from millipede digestive tracts warrants study because of its potential effect on climate change and also as an indicator of microbial processes that transform organic matter during passage through the gut of these animals. Gas chromatography was used to quantify the release of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from living millipedes in laboratory conditions. The effect of four food types (leaf litter of alder, oak, and maple, and rotten wood) on the release of CH4, CO2, and N2O by 12 species was also assessed. In addition, two julid species were fed pure cellulose to test the ability of these millipedes to obtain energy from cellulose and to determine the effect of this diet on gas production.

All of the tested millipede species produced CO2 and some produced CH4. Stable and substantial CH4 emission was restricted to the large millipedes in the tropical orders Spirobolida and Spirostreptida. This asymmetrical phylogenetic distribution of CH4 production may be related to body size and the presence of gut commensals, but these factors may influence each other and depend upon geographic distribution of species. The quality of the food and feeding regime can also affect CH4 production in that CH4 release was significantly higher when millipedes were fed alder leaf litter rather than oak or maple leaf litter. CO2 production from millipedes mainly reflected the metabolic response of the animals. Traces of N2O were only occasionally emitted by millipedes; this release evidently depends on the N content in the food and seems to be restricted to members of the Glomeridae family. Based on gas production, the tested species of millipedes were unable to obtain their energy needs from a diet of pure cellulose.

10aCarbon dioxide10aCellulose10aDiplopoda10aFood10aMethane10aNitrous oxide1 aŠustr, Vladimir1 aŠimek, Miloslav1 aFaktorová, Lucie1 aMacková, Jana1 aTajovský, Karel uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S003807172030062602661nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245013500054210006900189260001500258490000800273520183100281653001402112653002202126653002102148653001402169653001402183100002102197700001802218700003502236700002102271700002302292700002502315856006702340 2019 eng d a1096495900aEnzymatic activities in the digestive tract of spirostreptid and spirobolid millipedes (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida and Spirobolida)0 aEnzymatic activities in the digestive tract of spirostreptid and c18/11/20190 v2413 a

Millipedes represent a model for the study of organic matter transformation, animal-microbial interactions, and compartmentalisation of digestion. The activity of saccharidases (amylase, laminarinase, cellulase, xylanase, chitinase, maltase, cellobiase, and trehalase) and protease were measured in the midgut and hindgut contents and walls of the millipedes Archispirostreptus gigas and Epibolus pulchripes. Assays done at pH 4 and 7 confirmed activities of all enzymes except xylanase. Hydrolysing of starch and laminarin prevailed. The hindgut of E. pulchripes was shorter, less differentiated. Micro-apocrine secretion was observed only in the midgut of A. gigas. Merocrine secretion was present in midgut and hindgut of E. pulchripes, and in the pyloric valve and anterior hindgut of A. gigas. Alpha-polysaccharidases were mostly active in the midgut content and walls, with higher activity at pH 4. The low activity of amylase (A. gigas) and laminarinase (E. pulchripes) in midgut tissue may indicate their synthesis in salivary glands. Cellulases were found in midgut. Chitinases, found in midgut content and tissue (E. pulchripes) or concentrated in the midgut wall (A. gigas), were more active at an acidic pH. Polysaccharidases were low in hindguts. Protease shows midgut origin and alkaline activity extending to the hindgut in E. pulchripes, whereas in A. gigas it is of salivary gland origin and acid activity restricted to the midgut. Some disaccharidases, with more alkaline activity, showed less apparent midgut-hindgut differences. It may indicate an axial separating of the primary and secondary digestion along the intestinal pH gradient or the presence of enzymes of hindgut parasites.

10aCellulase10aDigestive enzymes10aGut compartments10aHistology10aMyriapoda1 aŠustr, Vladimir1 aSemanová, S.1 aRost-Roszkowska, Magdalena, M.1 aTajovský, Karel1 aSosinka, Agnieszka1 aFlorentyna, Kaszuba. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S109649591930347101140nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260001500260300001200275490000900287520042900296653001600725653001400741653001600755100002200771700002100793700002100814700002100835856006600856 2020 eng d a1175-532600aA new species of the genus Archiboreoiulus Brolemann, 1921 (Diplopoda, Julida) from Movile Cave (Southern Dobrogea, Romania)0 anew species of the genus iArchiboreoiulusi Brolemann 1921 Diplop c24/06/2020 a463-4760 v48023 a

Up to the present, the genus Archiboreoiulus included only two species: A. sollaudi from France and A. pallidus with a wide European distribution range. Here we describe a previously unknown species of the genus Archiboreoiulus, A. serbansarbui, collected from the mesothermal sulfurous Movile Cave, Mangalia, Romania, harboring a rich and diverse troglobitic community.

10aBlaniulidae10amillipede10anew species1 aGiurginca, Andrei1 aVănoaica, Liviu1 aŠustr, Vladimir1 aTajovský, Karel uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4802.3.4