03112nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260001500241490000700256520231800263653001402581653002202595653001002617100003102627700003602658700003302694700003102727700002702758700003502785856006202820 2020 eng d a1678-919900aMitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induced in mice by Scolopendra polymorpha venom0 aMitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induce c29/05/20200 v263 a

Background: Scolopendra polymorpha (S. polymorpha) is a predatory centipede whose venom contains a multiplicity of biochemical effectors that can cause muscle damage and cumulative cell destruction in its prey. Despite previous investigations of S. polymorpha and other centipede venoms, there is a lack of information on the morphological and biochemical patterns elicited by their myotoxic effects. To elucidate these processes, this paper presents evidence of skeletal muscle damage, and alterations in key biochemical mediators that appear only after exposure to centipede venom.
Methods: Venom was collected and fractionated using RP-HPLC; mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was exposed to whole venom and venom fractions to evaluate myotoxicity by means of creatine kinase (CK) – a muscle damage marker – activity measurements and histochemical analysis.
Results: CK activity was higher in EDL muscle exposed to venom than in unexposed muscle. This increase was observed after 15 min of venom incubation, and remained stable up to 45 min. Venom-exposed EDL muscle showed signs of muscle damage including necrosis, loss of fascicular structure as well as mitochondrial accumulations and ragged red fibers (RRF), suggesting an impairment in the normal mitochondrial arrangement. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) tests also indicate that respiratory complexes might be affected.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a different biochemical composition of S. polymorpha venom, based on the different effects of four venom fractions on the cells tested, according to statistical evidence. Fractions F6 and F7 caused the most important alterations.

Recommended citation: Tabullo De Robles J., Fernández Valverde F., Valladares Cisneros L., Hernández Villeda J., Sánchez-Reyes A., Gutiérrez M. C. (2020): Mitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induced in mice by Scolopendra polymorpha venom. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 26 (e20190079): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2019-0079

10aCentipede10aMyotoxic activity10aVenom1 aDe Robles, Judith, Tabullo1 aValverde, Francisca, Fernández1 aCisneros, Lucero, Valladares1 aVilleda, Juana, Hernández1 aSánchez-Reyes, Ayixon1 aGutiérrez, María, del Carmen uhttps://www.scielo.br/j/jvatitd/a/txHpPPwNfNpBStTctQFcPzj