02439nas a2200133 4500008004100000022004600041245004300087210003900130260006400169300001200233520200200245100001902247856003902266 2019 eng d a978-952-11-4973-3, ISBN 978-952-11-4974-000aTuhatjalkaiset - Myriapods - Myriapoda0 aTuhatjalkaiset Myriapods Myriapoda aHelsinkibYmpäristöministeriö & Suomen ympäristökeskus a340-3433 a

Viittausohje, kun viitataan yksittäiseen Punaisen listan lukuun: Vahtera, V. 2019. Tuhatjalkaiset. Julk.: Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A., Kemppainen, E., Uddström, A. & Liukko, U.-M. (toim.) 2019. Suomen lajien uhanalaisuus – Punainen kirja 2019. Ympäristöministeriö & Suomen ympäristökeskus. Helsinki. S. 340-343. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/299501

Reference of a separate chapter of the Red List: Vahtera, V. 2019. Myriapods. In: Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A., Kemppainen, E., Uddström, A. & Liukko, U.-M. (eds.) 2019. The 2019 Red List of Finnish Species. Ministry of the Environment & Finnish Environment Institute. Helsinki. P. 340-343. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/299501

Summary: Myriapoda are a diverse group of terrestrial arthropods, some of which are herbivores, some predators and some decomposers. There are four classes of Myriapoda: centipedes (Chilopoda), millipedes (Diplopoda), pauropods (Pauropoda), and symphylans (Symphyla). In Finland, a total of 63 species have been found: 21 centipede, 28 millipede, eight pauropod, and six symphylan species. In total, there are ten red-listed species: the critically endangered (CR) Geophilus carpophagus, which was classified as Regionally Extinct (RE) in the two previous assessments, and the Near Threatened (NT) species G. electricus, G. truncorum and Julus scanicus. These species only have one known locality each, and no new observations have been made of the three Near Threatened (NT) species for a long time. Six species have been categorised as Data Deficient (DD). Many species were classified as Not Evaluated (NE) due to insufficient information on their occurrence. While no monitoring of Myriapoda has been organised in Finland, the information on the spread of the species in this country could be updated by organising a monitoring study of a few years in duration.

1 aVahtera, Varpu uhttp://hdl.handle.net/10138/29950101947nas a2200265 4500008004100000020002200041022001400063245014200077210006900219260001500288300000900303490000900312520107600321653002501397653002301422653001701445653001701462653002201479653002001501653002201521100002601543700001901569700002701588856006601615 2020 eng d a978-1-77688-004-1 a1175-532600aAn overview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha (Chilopoda): a new identification key and updated diagnoses0 aoverview of the extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolope c10/08/2020 a1-640 v48253 a

The extant genera and subgenera of the order Scolopendromorpha are critically reviewed and provided with updated diagnoses and a new identification key; the most recent revisions of scolopendromorph genera are concisely summarised. Rhoda Meinert, 1886 and Cryptops (Chromatanops) Verhoeff, 1906 are suggested to be a junior synonyms of Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841 and Cryptops (Cryptops) Leach, 1814, respectively. The subgeneric status is formally fixed for Cryptops (Paracryptops) Pocock, 1891 and Cormocephalus (Campylostigmus) Ribaut, 1923; the taxonomic status of the former genus Kanparka Waldock & Edgecombe, 2012 is discussed. As a result of synonymies, the number of scolopendromorph genera and subgenera is currently 37. The formal status of the former tribes Scolopendrini Leach, 1814, Asanadini Verhoeff, 1907 and Arrhabdotini Attems, 1930 is briefly discussed; the presence of the sexual dimorphism among the taxa of generic level is overviewed.

10agenera and subgenera10aidentification key10anew statuses10anew synonymy10aScolopendromorpha10ataxonomic notes10aupdated diagnoses1 aSchileyko, Arkady, A.1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4825.1.101767nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245015600055210006900211260001500280300000900295490000900304520098300313653001801296653003201314653001301346653002801359653001601387653001901403100001901422700001701441700002001458856004701478 2020 eng d a1313-298900aFive million years in the darkness: A new troglomorphic species of Cryptops Leach, 1814 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha) from Movile Cave, Romania0 aFive million years in the darkness A new troglomorphic species o c16/12/2020 a1-260 v10043 a

A new species of Cryptops Leach, 1814, C. speleorex sp. nov., is described from Movile Cave, Dobrogea, Romania. The cave is remarkable for its unique ecosystem entirely dependent on methane- and sulfur-oxidising bacteria. Until now, the cave was thought to be inhabited by the epigean species C. anomalans, which is widespread in Europe. Despite its resemblance to C. anomalans, the new species is well-defined morphologically and molecularly based on two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I COI and 16S rDNA) and one nuclear (28S rDNA) markers. Cryptops speleorex sp. nov. shows a number of troglomorphic traits such as a generally large body and elongated appendages and spiracles, higher number of coxal pores and saw teeth on the tibia of the ultimate leg. With this record, the number of endemic species known from the Movile Cave reaches 35, which ranks it as one of the most species-rich caves in the world.

10aBiospeleology10aCryptops speleorex sp. nov.10aDobrogea10amolecular phylogenetics10anew species10atroglomorphism1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aStoev, Pavel1 aAkkari, Nesrine uhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/58537/02589nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260001500259300000900274520195400283100002502237700001902262700002102281700002702302700002002329856005802349 2020 eng d a0748-300700aPhylogeny of Lithobiidae Newport, 1844, with emphasis on the megadiverse genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 (Myriapoda, Chilopoda)0 aPhylogeny of Lithobiidae Newport 1844 with emphasis on the megad c04/11/2020 a1-233 a

Phylogenetic analyses based on molecular and morphological data were conducted to shed light on relationships within the mostly Palaearctic/Oriental centipede family Lithobiidae, with a particular focus on the Palaearctic genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 (Lithobiidae, Lithobiomorpha), which contains >500 species and subspecies. Previous studies based on morphological data resolved Lithobius as nonmonophyletic, but molecular‐based phylogenetic analyses have until now sampled few species. To elucidate species inter‐relationships of the genus, test the validity of its classification into subgenera, and infer its relationships with other Lithobiidae, we obtained molecular data (nuclear markers: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA; mitochondrial markers: 16S rRNA, COI) and 61 morphological characters for 44 species of Lithobius representing four of its eight subgenera and nine other representatives of Lithobiidae. The data were analyzed phylogenetically using maximum‐likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian inference. This study suggests that (i) a close relationship between L. giganteus and the pterygotergine Disphaerobius loricatus highlighted in recent morphological analyses is also strongly supported by molecular data, and Pterygoterginae is formally synonymized with Lithobiinae; (ii) the Oriental/Australian genus Australobius is consistently resolved as sister group to all other sampled Lithobiidae by the molecular and combined data; (iii) the subfamily Ethopolyinae may be paraphyletic; (iv) the genus Lithobius is nonmonophyletic; (v) the subgenera Lithobius, Sigibius and Monotarsobius are nonmonophyletic and should not be used in future taxonomic studies; and (vi) there are instances of cryptic species and cases in which subspecies should be elevated to full species status, as identified for some European taxa within Lithobius.

1 aGanske, Anne‐Sarah1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aDányi, László1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aAkkari, Nesrine uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.1243101723nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245015600055210006900211260001500280300001200295490000900307520094200316653002201258653001101280653001001291653001501301653001301316100001701329700001901346700002001365700003001385856006601415 2020 eng d a1175-532600aThe millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae0 amillipede family Polyxenidae Diplopoda Polyxenida in the faunas  c08/05/2020 a306-3320 v47723 a

The Polyxenidae in the fauna of the Crimeo-Caucasian region is represented by four species: Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (= P. lagurus caucasicus Lignau, 1924, syn. n.), Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n. (= P. trivittatus Verhoeff, 1941, = P. sokolowi Lignau, 1924, both syn. n.), a new species, Polyxenus lankaranensis sp. n., and an undescribed Polyxenus sp. The distributions of all these species in the region concerned are mapped, based on old and new records. A molecular phylogeny based on COI sequences is used to study the relationship within and among the genera Polyxenus and Propolyxenus from Western Europe to the southern Caucasus. The results highlight the presence of a number of undescribed species of Polyxenus across this region.

10abristly millipede10aCrimea10afauna10aIran fauna10aTaxonomy1 aShort, Megan1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aWesener, Thomas1 aGolovatch, Sergei, Ilyich uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4772.2.402336nas a2200325 4500008004100000020001400041245009000055210006900145260000900214300001600223490000700239520129900246653001401545653001301559653001701572653002101589653001401610653003101624653001801655100002101673700002801694700001901722700001801741700002101759700002501780700002901805700002701834700002101861856012801882 2014 eng d a0737-403800aEvaluating Topological Conflict in Centipede Phylogeny Using Transcriptomic Data Sets0 aEvaluating Topological Conflict in Centipede Phylogeny Using Tra c2014 a1500 - 15130 v313 a

Relationships between the five extant orders of centipedes have been considered solved based on morphology. Phylogenies based on samples of up to a few dozen genes have largely been congruent with the morphological tree apart from an alternative placement of one order, the relictual Craterostigmomorpha, consisting of two species in Tasmania and New Zealand. To address this incongruence, novel transcriptomic data were generated to sample all five orders of centipedes and also used as a test case for studying gene-tree incongruence. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian mixture model analyses of a data set composed of 1,934 orthologs with 45% missing data, as well as the 389 orthologs in the least saturated, stationary quartile, retrieve strong support for a sister-group relationship between Craterostigmomorpha and all other pleurostigmophoran centipedes, of which the latter group is newly named Amalpighiata. The Amalpighiata hypothesis, which shows little gene-tree incongruence and is robust to the influence of among-taxon compositional heterogeneity, implies convergent evolution in several morphological and behavioral characters traditionally used in centipede phylogenetics, such as maternal brood care, but accords with patterns of first appearances in the fossil record.

10aChilopoda10aIllumina10aincongruence10amolecular dating10aMyriapoda10anext-generation sequencing10aphylogenomics1 aFernández, Rosa1 aLaumer, Christopher, E.1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aLibro, Silvia1 aKaluziak, Stefan1 aSharma, Prashant, P.1 aPérez-Porro, Alicia, R.1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/evaluating-topological-conflict-centipede-phylogeny-using-transcriptomic-data-sets02335nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155520165000224653001401874653001401888653001501902653001401917653002301931100001901954700002701973700002102000856013202021 2013 eng d00aPhylogenetics of scolopendromorph centipedes: Can denser taxon sampling improve an artificial classification?0 aPhylogenetics of scolopendromorph centipedes Can denser taxon sa3 aPrevious phylogenetic analyses of the centipede order Scolopendromorpha indicated a fundamental division into blind and ocellate clades. These analyses corroborated the monophyly of most families and tribes but suggested that several species-rich, cosmopolitan genera in traditional and current classifications are polyphyletic. Denser taxon sampling is applied to a dataset of 122 morphological characters and sequences for four nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Phylogenetic analyses including 98 species and subspecies of Scolopendromorpha employ parsimony under dynamic and static homology schemes as well as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference of multiple sequence alignments. The monotypic Australian genera Notiasemus and Kanparka nest within Cormocephalus and Scolopendra, respectively, and the New Caledonian Campylostigmus is likewise a clade within Cormocephalus. New World Scolopendra are more closely related to Hemiscolopendra and Arthrorhabdus than to Scolopendra s.s., which is instead closely allied to Asanada; the tribe Asanadini nests within Scolopendrini for molecular and combined datasets. The generic classification of Otostigmini has a poor fit to phylogenetic relationships, although nodal support within this tribe is weak. New synonymies are proposed for Ectonocryptopinae Shelley & Mercurio, 2005 (≤ Newportiinae Pocock, 1896), Asanadini Verhoeff, 1907 (≤ Scolopendrini Leach, 1814), and Kanparka Waldock & Edgecombe, 2012 (≤ Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758). Scolopendrid systematics largely depicts incongruence between phylogeny and classification rather than between morphology and molecules. © 2013 CSIRO.10aChilopoda10amolecules10amorphology10aphylogeny10aScolopendromorpha.1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/phylogenetics-scolopendromorph-centipedes-can-denser-taxon-sampling-improve-artificial03944nas a2200301 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188490000600257520291700263653001303180653001503193653001303208653001303221653001303234653003103247653001303278653001403291100001603305700002603321700002503347700001603372700002903388700001903417700002703436700002503463700002103488856013303509 2012 eng d00aComparative description of ten transcriptomes of newly sequenced invertebrates and efficiency estimation of genomic sampling in non-model taxa0 aComparative description of ten transcriptomes of newly sequenced0 v93 aIntroduction: Traditionally, genomic or transcriptomic data have been restricted to a few model or emerging model organisms, and to a handful of species of medical and/or environmental importance. Next-generation sequencing techniques have the capability of yielding massive amounts of gene sequence data for virtually any species at a modest cost. Here we provide a comparative analysis of de novo assembled transcriptomic data for ten non-model species of previously understudied animal taxa.Results: cDNA libraries of ten species belonging to five animal phyla (2 Annelida [including Sipuncula], 2 Arthropoda, 2 Mollusca, 2 Nemertea, and 2 Porifera) were sequenced in different batches with an Illumina Genome Analyzer II (read length 100 or 150 bp), rendering between ca. 25 and 52 million reads per species. Read thinning, trimming, and de novo assembly were performed under different parameters to optimize output. Between 67,423 and 207,559 contigs were obtained across the ten species, post-optimization. Of those, 9,069 to 25,681 contigs retrieved blast hits against the NCBI non-redundant database, and approximately 50% of these were assigned with Gene Ontology terms, covering all major categories, and with similar percentages in all species. Local blasts against our datasets, using selected genes from major signaling pathways and housekeeping genes, revealed high efficiency in gene recovery compared to available genomes of closely related species. Intriguingly, our transcriptomic datasets detected multiple paralogues in all phyla and in nearly all gene pathways, including housekeeping genes that are traditionally used in phylogenetic applications for their purported single-copy nature.Conclusions: We generated the first study of comparative transcriptomics across multiple animal phyla (comparing two species per phylum in most cases), established the first Illumina-based transcriptomic datasets for sponge, nemertean, and sipunculan species, and generated a tractable catalogue of annotated genes (or gene fragments) and protein families for ten newly sequenced non-model organisms, some of commercial importance (i.e., Octopus vulgaris). These comprehensive sets of genes can be readily used for phylogenetic analysis, gene expression profiling, developmental analysis, and can also be a powerful resource for gene discovery. The characterization of the transcriptomes of such a diverse array of animal species permitted the comparison of sequencing depth, functional annotation, and efficiency of genomic sampling using the same pipelines, which proved to be similar for all considered species. In addition, the datasets revealed their potential as a resource for paralogue detection, a recurrent concern in various aspects of biological inquiry, including phylogenetics, molecular evolution, development, and cellular biochemistry. © 2012 Riesgo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.10aAnnelida10aArthropoda10aIllumina10aMollusca10aNemertea10anext-generation sequencing10aPorifera10aSipuncula1 aRiesgo, Ana1 aAndrade, Sónia, C.S.1 aSharma, Prashant, P.1 aNovo, Marta1 aPérez-Porro, Alicia, R.1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aGonzález, Vanessa, L.1 aKawauchi, Gisele, Y.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/comparative-description-ten-transcriptomes-newly-sequenced-invertebrates-and-efficiency02884nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165490000900234520215600243653001502399653001702414653001402431653002302445100002702468700001902495700002102514700002002535856013502555 2015 eng d00aSpecies limits and phylogeography of Newportia (Scolopendromorpha) and implications for widespread morphospecies0 aSpecies limits and phylogeography of iNewportiai Scolopendromorp0 v20153 a

The genus Newportia Gervais, 1847, includes some 60 nominal species distributed in the Caribbean islands and from Mexico to central South America. Modern keys to species and subspecies are available, greatly fa­cilitating identification, but some species are based on few specimens and have incomplete documentation of taxonomically-informative characters. In order to explore genetic variability and evolutionary relationships within geographically-widespread morphospecies, specimens of N. (N.) stolli (Pocock, 1896) and N. (N.) divergens Chamberlin, 1922, two nominal species distinguished principally by differences in suture patterns on T1, were sequenced for mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes from populations in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Brazil. N. (N.) stolli is paraphyletic with respect to N. (N.) divergens within a clade from Guatemala, Honduras, and Chiapas (Mexico), most trees being consistent with a single loss of a connection between the anterior transverse suture on T1, whereas specimens of “N. (N.) stolli” from Brazil are not closely allied to those from the Mesomerican type area. The widespread morphospecies N. (N.) monticola Pocock, 1890, was sequenced for the same loci from populations in Costa Rica, Colombia and Brazil, finding that specimens from these areas do not unite as a monophyletic group. Samples of N. (N.) oreina Chamberlin, 1915, from different regions of Mexico form geographic clusters that resolve as each other’s closest relatives. These results suggest that some widespread species of Newportia maybe taxa of convenience more so than natural groupings. In several cases geographic proximity fits the phylog­eny better than taxonomy, suggesting that non-monophyletic species do not result from use of inappropriate molecular markers. Molecular identification is possible for specimens missing taxonomically informative morphological characters, notably damaged specimens that lack the ultimate leg pair, a protocol that may also apply to other taxonomically difficult genera that are prone to damage (such as Cryptops).

10aNeotropics10aNewportiinae10aphylogeny10aScolopocryptopidae1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aGiribet, Gonzalo1 aKaunisto, Pipsa uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/species-limits-and-phylogeography-newportia-scolopendromorpha-and-implications-widespread02739nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151520207200220653002302292653001402315653002302329653001502352653001402367653001502381100001702396700001902413856012502432 2017 eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships of millipedes in the subclass Penicillata (Diplopoda) with a key to the genera0 aPhylogenetic relationships of millipedes in the subclass Penicil3 aBristly millipedes (subclass Penicillata, order Polyxenida) are minute diplopods characterised by uncalcified cuticle and a body covered with unique tufts of bristles. The order is found worldwide and comprises less than 200 described species divided into three families, with many of the species and genera being poorly known. The first evolutionary analysis of the order presented here utilises both molecular (COI, 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and morphological data to examine monophyly of the families and subfamilies and the evolutionary relationships between them. Maximum likelihood analysis was based on molecular data only, whereas parsimony analyses were based on molecular data as well as combined morphological and molecular data. The results of these analyses with two different optimality criteria were incongruent in many aspects. Unlike parsimony, the likelihood result found strong support for a basal position of the family Synxenidae and separation of the order into two monophyletic clades corresponding to the two superfamilies Synxenoidea, containing the family Synxenidae, and Polyxenoidea, containing the families Polyxenidae and Lophoproctidae. Parsimony results did not support the existence of the two superfamilies. Both analyses resolved the family Synxenidae as monophyletic and Polyxenidae as polyphyletic, whereas the family Lophoproctidae was shown to be paraphyletic in likelihood and monophyletic in parsimony analysis. The subfamilies Monographinae and Polyxeninae were found to be monophyletic in the likelihood tree but parsimony suggested paraphyly of both. The results suggest that further revision of the systematics of the Polyxenida may be necessary. However, a much larger molecular data set will be necessary to clarify and provide stronger nodal support for phylogenetic trees and to confirm the relationships, particularly of the families Polyxenidae and Lophoproctidae. Molecular identification is likely to be an important tool for this taxonomically challenging order in future. A simplified key to the genera is provided.10aBristly millipedes10aDiplopoda10aidentification key10amorphology10aphylogeny10aPolyxenida1 aShort, Megan1 aVahtera, Varpu uhttps://myriatrix.myspecies.info/content/phylogenetic-relationships-millipedes-subclass-penicillata-diplopoda-key-genera02714nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245019300055210006900248260001600317300001200333490000800345520181000353653001802163653001202181653002302193653002002216100002702236700001902263700002202282700001802304700001902322700002002341700002102361856006602382 2012 eng d a0024-408200aA scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: Synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set0 ascolopocryptopid centipede Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha from Mexi c 26/11/2012 a768-7860 v1663 a

The first scolopocryptopid centipede known from the fossil record is a specimen of the subfamily Scolopocryptopinae in Miocene amber from Chiapas, southern Mexico. It is described here as Scolopocryptops simojovelensis sp. nov., displaying a distinct combination of morphological characters compared to extant congeners. Anatomical details of the fossil specimen were acquired by non-invasive 3D synchrotron microtomography using X-ray phase contrast. The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred based on a combination of morphological data with sequences for six genes (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA, nuclear protein-coding histone H3, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and protein-coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) for extant Scolopendromorpha. The data set includes eight extant species of Scolopocryptops and Dinocryptops from North America, east Asia, and the Pacific, rooted with novel sequence data for other blind scolopendromorphs. The molecular and combined data sets, analysed in a parsimony/direct optimization framework, identified a stable pattern of two main clades within Scolopocryptopinae. North American and Asian species of Scolopocryptops are united as a clade supported by both morphological and molecular characters. Its sister group is a Neotropical clade in which the type species of Dinocryptops is nested within a paraphyletic assemblage of Scolopocryptops species; Dinocryptops is placed in synonymy with Scolopocryptops. The strength of support for the relationships of extant taxa from the molecular data allow the Chiapas fossil to be assigned with precision, despite ambiguity in the morphological data; the fossil is resolved as sister species to the extant Laurasian clade.

10aChiapas amber10aMiocene10aScolopocryptopidae10aScolopocryptops1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aStock, Stuart, R.1 aKallonen, Aki1 aXiao, Xianghui1 aRack, Alexander1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/166/4/768/262705000930nas a2200193 4500008004100000022002500041245009500066210006900161260001500230300001000245490000700255520033200262653001400594653001200608653002600620100001900646700002400665856004700689 2018 eng d a0373-6873, 1796-981600aRediscovery of Geophilus carpophagus Leach (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from Finland0 aRediscovery of iGeophilus carpophagusi Leach Chilopoda Geophilom c08/05/2018 a36-380 v943 a

Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 has long been listed as regionally extinct from Finland. Here we report its rediscovery after decades of absence.

Publication date remark: The journal website states "2018-05-08". The first page of the article reads "4 June 2018".

10aChilopoda10aFinland10aGeophilus carpophagus1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aLehtinen, Pekka, T. uhttps://journal.fi/msff/article/view/7097302365nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245018500055210006900240260001500309300000800324490000600332520174500338100001902083700002702102856007802129 2014 eng d a1932-620300aFirst molecular data and the phylogenetic position of the millipede-like centipede Edentistoma octosulcatum Tömösváry, 1882 (chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)0 aFirst molecular data and the phylogenetic position of the millip c12/11/2014 a1-80 v93 a

Edentistoma octosulcatum Tomosvary, 1882, is a rare, superficially millipede-like centipede known only from Borneo and the Philippines. It is unique within the order Scolopendromorpha for its slow gait, robust tergites, and highly modified gizzard and mandible morphology. Not much is known about the biology of the species but it has been speculated to be arboreal with a possibly vegetarian diet. Until now its phylogenetic position within the subfamily Otostigminae has been based only on morphological characters, being variably ranked as a monotypic tribe (Arrhabdotini) or classified with the Southeast Asian genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934. The first molecular data for E. octosulcatum sourced from a newly collected specimen from Sarawak were analysed with and without morphology. Parsimony analysis of 122 morphological characters together with two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci resolves Edentistoma as sister group to three Indo-Australian species of Rhysida, this clade in turn grouping with Ethmostigmus, whereas maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of the molecular data on their own ally Edentistoma with species of Otostigmus. A position of Edentistoma within Otostigmini (rather than being its sister group as predicted by the Arrhabdotini hypothesis) is consistently retrieved under different analytical conditions, but support values within the subfamily remain low for most nodes. The species exhibits strong pushing behaviour, suggestive of burrowing habits. Evidence against a suggested vegetarian diet is provided by observation of E. octosulcatum feeding on millipedes in the genus Trachelomegalus.

1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D. uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.011246101904nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001500233300001200248490000800260520122300268653001501491653001401506653003301520653001401553100001901567700002701586700002101613856006401634 2012 eng d00aSpiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) and its contribution to phylogenetics0 aSpiracle structure in scolopendromorph centipedes Chilopoda Scol c28/04/2012 a225-2480 v1313 a

The spiracles of scolopendromorph centipedes have long been a source of systematic characters based on their segmental distribution and gross morphology, but microscopic investigations to date have documented only a small number of species. A scanning electron microscopic survey of 34 species that samples the major groups of Scolopendromorpha reveals variability in such features as the structure of the peritremal margin, specific kinds of sensilla and glandular pores on the peritrema, projections on the valves that subdivide the atrium (in Scolopendrinae), and the form of the trichomes around the tracheal openings. Adding new characters from the spiracles to recent morphological datasets for phylogenetic inference reinforces the monophyly of major groups of Scolopendridae and is particularly informative for relationships within Scolopendrini. A bowl-like atrium with the tracheae opening between humps in its floor is more widespread in Scolopendromorpha than previously reported. Shared presence of spiracle muscles in Cryptopidae and Scolopendrinae may reflect convergent evolution of a subatrial cavity in these groups rather than being an apomorphic character for Scolopendromorpha as a whole.

10aCladistics10aphylogeny10aScanning electron microscopy10aSpiracles1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00435-012-0157-002485nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260001500266300000900281490000700290520187300297100001902170700002702189700002102216856007802237 2011 eng d a1096-003100aEvolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): Insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data0 aEvolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes Chilopoda  c24/05/2011 a4-200 v283 a

Relative to its diversity (34 genera, 700 species), Scolopendromorpha has been undersampled in molecular phylogenetic analyses compared with the other chilopod orders. Previous analyses based on morphology have not resolved several key controversies in systematics and evolutionary morphology unambiguously. Here we apply new molecular and morphological data to scolopendromorph phylogenetics, with a focus on the evolution of blindness. The taxonomic sample includes 19 genera, many lacking previous molecular data, and diverse, cosmopolitan genera of Scolopendridae are sampled by multiple species. Phylogenetic analysis with Direct Optimization used 94 morphological characters and ca. 4.5kb of sequence data from two nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA and COI) loci. A single most-parsimonious cladogram selected after sensitivity analyses resolves Scolopendromorpha as monophyletic, and divides it into a blind clade of three families (Plutoniumidae, Cryptopidae, Scolopocryptopidae) and its ocellate sister group, Scolopendridae. Some species-rich, cosmopolitan genera (Cormocephalus, Otostigmus, Scolopendra) in Scolopendridae are non-monophyletic, and in several instances (e.g. New and Old World Scolopendra) relationships are more congruent with geographical distributions than with traditional classifications. The tribe Asanadini is particularly subject to parameter-sensitivity, nesting in the combined analysis within Scolopendrini but as sister to all other Scolopendrinae for molecular data alone. The total-evidence tree unambiguously optimizes trunk segmentation: a 23-segmented trunk has a single origin in the blind clade.

Publication date remark: The publication date in Myriatrix is Wiley's "first published" date of 24/05/2011 and not the issue publication date of 02/2012.

1 aVahtera, Varpu1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x