@article {1499, title = {Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil-associated consumers from protists to vertebrates}, journal = {Biological Reviews}, volume = {97}, year = {2022}, month = {20/01/2022}, pages = {1057-1117}, abstract = {

Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. Soil ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on ecosystem functions and services. Simultaneous assessment of the functional roles of multiple taxa is possible using food-web reconstructions, but our knowledge of the feeding habits of many taxa is insufficient and often based on limited evidence. Over the last two decades, molecular, biochemical and isotopic tools have improved our understanding of the feeding habits of various soil organisms, yet this knowledge is still to be synthesised into a common functional framework. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the feeding habits of consumers in soil, including protists, micro-, meso- and macrofauna (invertebrates), and soil-associated vertebrates. We have integrated existing functional group classifications with findings gained with novel methods and compiled an overarching classification across taxa focusing on key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection and hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights various strands of evidence that many functional groups commonly used in soil ecology and food-web models are feeding on multiple types of food resources. In many cases, omnivory is observed down to the species level of taxonomic resolution, challenging realism of traditional soil food-web models based on distinct resource-based energy channels. Novel methods, such as stable isotope, fatty acid and DNA gut content analyses, have revealed previously hidden facets of trophic relationships of soil consumers, such as food assimilation, multichannel feeding across trophic levels, hidden trophic niche differentiation and the importance of alternative food/prey, as well as energy transfers across ecosystem compartments. Wider adoption of such tools and the development of open interoperable platforms that assemble morphological, ecological and trophic data as traits of soil taxa will enable the refinement and expansion of the multifunctional classification of consumers in soil. The compiled multifunctional classification of soil-associated consumers will serve as a reference for ecologists working with biodiversity changes and biodiversity?ecosystem functioning relationships, making soil food-web research more accessible and reproducible.

}, keywords = {fatty acids, feeding preferences, food resources, functional traits, gut content, omnivory, Soil fauna, soil food web, stable isotopes, trophic guilds}, issn = {1464-7931}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12832}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12832}, author = {Potapov, Anton M. and Beaulieu, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bluhm, Sarah L. and Degtyarev, Maxim I. and Devetter, Miloslav and Goncharov, Anton A. and Gongalsky, Konstantin B. and Klarner, Bernhard and Korobushkin, Daniil I. and Liebke, Dana F. and Maraun, Mark and Mc Donnell, Rory J. and Pollierer, Melanie M. and Schaefer, Ina and Shrubovych, Julia and Semenyuk, Irina I. and Sendra, Alberto and Tuma, Jiri and T{\r u}mov{\'a}, Michala and Vassilieva, Anna B. and Chen, Ting-Wen and Geisen, Stefan and Schmidt, Olaf and Tiunov, Alexei V. and Scheu, Stefan} } @article {1366, title = {Myriapod Trivia - Curiosities of British Natural History \& The Rabbit and the Centipede}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Myriapod \& Isopod Group}, volume = {32}, year = {2020}, month = {03/04/2020}, pages = {95-97}, type = {Miscellanea}, chapter = {95}, abstract = {

Over the years with an interest in the more formal study of myriapods, especially centipedes, I have also accumulated a few items of what we might call \"trivia\" - prints, pictures etc. The two items here come into that category and I know there are many more like them around and they are offered as light relief for Bulletin readers. I know little about The Penny Magazine but it clearly represents a cheap, presumably weekly, publication dedicated to that great Victorian aim of \"self improvement\". This issue comprises eight pages with items as varied as \"Essays on the lives of Remarkable Painters No.XXXI: Andrea del Sarto\", \"The English and Irish Ordnance Surveys\" and \"The Hareem of Ibrahim Pasha\". I have abridged the item on Centipedes and Millipedes from the original three pages. \"The Rabbit and the Centipede\" comes from a children\&$\#$39;s book of 1907. I am not sure that it sheds any particular new light on myriapod locomotory mechanisms.

}, issn = {2513-9444}, url = {https://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/bulletin/BullBMIG32(2020)95-97_Myriapod-Trivia.pdf}, author = {Barber, Anthony D.} } @article {1222, title = {Cat{\'a}logo de los artr{\'o}podos terrestres no insectos}, journal = {Revista Nicarag{\"u}ense de Entomolog{\'\i}a}, year = {1989}, month = {03/1989}, pages = {1-55}, issn = {1021-0296}, url = {http://www.bio-nica.info/RevNicaEntomo/7-full.pdf}, author = {Maes, Jean-Michel and Palacios-Vargas, Jos{\'e} G. and Jim{\'e}nez, Mar{\'\i}a Luisa} } @mastersthesis {1169, title = {Karyotypov{\'a} variabilita stono{\v z}kovc{\r u} (Myriapoda) / Karyotype variability of Myriapoda}, year = {2020}, month = {13/07/2020}, pages = {38}, school = {Univerzita Karlova, P{\v r}{\'\i}rodov{\v e}deck{\'a} fakulta}, type = {Bachelor thesis}, address = {Prague}, abstract = {

Abstrakt: Bakal\á{\v r}sk\á pr\áce pojedn\áv\á o diploidn\ích po{\v c}tech chromozom{\r u}, jejich morfologii a chromozomov\ém mechanismu ur{\v c}en\í pohlav\í u {\v c}ty{\v r}ech t{\v r}\íd podkmene Myriapoda. Pozornost je z\árove{\v n} v{\v e}nov\ána vz\ájemn\ým fylogenetick\ým vztah{\r u}m v r\ámci podkmene. P{\v r}ehled literatury ukazuje m\íru prozkoumanosti cytogenetick\ých charakteristik u jednotliv\ých t{\v r}\íd, kter\á je zejm\éna ve t{\v r}\íd\ách Pauropoda a Symphyla st\ále velmi n\ízk\á a v r\ámci t{\v r}\ídy Diplopoda je st\ále je\št{\v e} velk\é mno{\v z}stv\í {\v r}\ád{\r u}, kde n\ám tyto informace zcela chyb\í. Cytogenetick\é anal\ýzy odhalily celkov\é rozp{\v e}t\í po{\v c}tu chromozom{\r u} pro: Pauropoda 2n = 12 \– 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 \– 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 \– 54 a Diplopoda 2n = 8 \– 30. V r\ámci v\šech {\v c}ty{\v r} t{\v r}\íd se vyskytuj\í jak morfologicky nediferencovan\é pohlavn\í chromozomy, tak syst\émy typu XX/XY a XX/X0. Nav\íc je u {\v r}\ádu Spirostreptida uv\ád{\v e}n\ý i syst\ém X1X1X2X2/X1X20. Pouze u mal\ého mno{\v z}stv\í druh{\r u} z {\v r}\ád{\r u} Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida a Lithobiomorpha a {\v c}eledi Scutigerellidae se poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat v\ýskyt NOR{\r u}. V pr\áci se tak\é poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat n{\v e}kter\é neshody mezi \údaji r{\r u}zn\ých prac\í, kdy se ukazuje, {\v z}e zejm\éna n{\v e}kter\é star\š\í studie byly postaveny na \špatn\ém pozorov\án\í chromozom{\r u} v karyotypu.

Karyotype variability of Myriapoda

Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with diploid numbers of chromosomes, their morphology and chromosome mechanism of sex determination in four classes of the subphylum Myriapoda. Attention is also paid to mutual phylogenetic relationships within the subphylum. A review of the literature shows the degree of examination of cytogenetic characteristics in individual classes, which is still very low, especially in the classes Pauropoda and Symphyla, and within the class Diplopoda there are still a large number of orders where we completely lack this information. Cytogenetic analyzes revealed a total range of chromosome numbers for: Pauropoda 2n = 12 - 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 - 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 - 54 and Diplopoda 2n = 8 - 30. Within all four classes, there are both morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and XX/XY and XX/X0 systems. In addition, the X1X1X2X2/X1X20 system is mentioned for the order Spirostreptida. Only a small number of species from the orders Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida, Lithobiomorpha and from family Scutigerellidae were able to identify the occurrence of NORs. The work also managed to identify some discrepancies between the data of different works, which shows that especially some older studies were based on poor observation of chromosomes in the karyotype.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, chromosomes, chromozomy, Diplopoda, fylogeneze, karyotyp, karyotype, Myriapoda, Pauropoda, phylogeny, Symphyla, variabilita, variability}, url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/119725}, author = {K{\'a}{\v s}ov{\'a}, Ad{\'e}la} } @inbook {1163, title = {La macrofauna del suelo en dos sitios de bosque siempreverde en El Sal{\'o}n, Sierra del Rosario}, booktitle = {Cordillera de Guaniguanico: Componentes de la Diversidad Biol{\'o}gica}, year = {2020}, pages = {167-193}, publisher = {Editorial AMA}, organization = {Editorial AMA}, address = {La Habana}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Cabrera D\ávila, G. C., S\ánchez Rend\ón, J. A., L\ópez Iborra, G. M., Men\éndez Rivero, Y. I., Hern\ández Marrero, A. (2020): La macrofauna del suelo en dos sitios de bosque siempreverde en El Sal\ón, Sierra del Rosario. Pp. 167-193. In: Ricardo, N., Hidalgo-Gato, M. M., Ley Rivas, J. F. (Eds). Cordillera de Guaniguanico: Componentes de la Diversidad Biol\ógica. Editorial AMA, La Habana. 378 pp.

}, isbn = {ISBN 978-959-300-197-7}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349442151}, author = {Cabrera-D{\'a}vila, Grisel and S{\'a}nchez Rend{\'o}n, Jorge A. and L{\'o}pez Iborra, Germ{\'a}n M. and Men{\'e}ndez Rivero, Yojana I. and Hern{\'a}ndez Marrero, Arturo} } @article {438, title = {Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {1131-1140}, abstract = {

An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5\%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Cretaceous, Diplopoda, fossil, Myanmar, Symphyla}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.1131}, url = {https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/30320/}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Moritz, Leif} } @article {419, title = {Four myriapod relatives {\textendash} but who are sisters? No end to debates on relationships among the four major myriapod subgroups}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {04/11/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among the myriapod subgroups Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda are still not robustly resolved. The first phylogenomic study covering all subgroups resolved phylogenetic relationships congruently to morphological evidence but is in conflict with most previously published phylogenetic trees based on diverse molecular data. Outgroup choice and long-branch attraction effects were stated as possible explanations for these incongruencies. In this study, we addressed these issues by extending the myriapod and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

Results: We generated new transcriptome data of 42 panarthropod species, including all four myriapod subgroups and additional outgroup taxa. Our taxon sampling was complemented by published transcriptome and genome data resulting in a supermatrix covering 59 species. We compiled two data sets, the first with a full coverage of genes per species (292 single-copy protein-coding genes), the second with a less stringent coverage (988 genes). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among myriapods using different data types, tree inference, and quartet computation approaches. Our results unambiguously support monophyletic Mandibulata and Myriapoda. Our analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups. However, we observe strong evidence for a clade Pauropoda+Symphyla, as well as for a clade Chilopoda+Diplopoda.

Conclusions: Our best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study. AU tests and quartet mapping reject the quartet topology congruent to trees inferred with morphological characters. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data set is sufficient to explain the weak signal for the quartet topology derived from morphological characters. Although outgroup choice affects results, our study could narrow possible trees to derivatives of a single quartet topology. For highly disputed relationships, we propose to apply a series of tests (AU and quartet mapping), since results of such tests allow to narrow down possible relationships and to rule out confounding signal.

}, keywords = {Arthropod phylogeny, conflict, Confounding signal, Internal rooting, Phylogenetics, phylogenomics, Quartet topology, RNA-Seq, Transcriptomes}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, url = {https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, author = {Szucsich, Nikolaus U. and Bartel, Daniela and Blanke, Alexander and B{\"o}hm, Alexander and Donath, Alexander and Fukui, Makiko and Grove, Simon and Liu, Shanlin and Macek, Oliver and Machida, Ryuichiro and Misof, Bernhard and Nakagaki, Yasutaka and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Sekiya, Kaoru and Tomizuka, Shigekazu and Von Reumont, Bj{\"o}rn M. and Waterhouse, Robert M. and Walzl, Manfred and Meng, Guanliang and Zhou, Xin and Pass, G{\"u}nther and Meusemann, Karen} }