@book {1547, title = {Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.}, volume = {1 (2)}, year = {1767}, pages = {533-1327}, publisher = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, organization = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, edition = {12}, address = {Stockholm}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68927}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137240}, author = {Linnaeus, Carolus} } @article {1509, title = {Millipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {11/04/2014}, pages = {1-43}, abstract = {

A review is given of all the literature records of millipedes and centipedes that have been found in German greenhouses together with additional records for 29 such sites. Species lists are given for 46 greenhouses investigated throughout Germany. Thirty-five diplopod and 18 chilopod species were found to occur in greenhouses, of which 15 (3 Chilopoda, 12 Diplopoda) are restricted to this type of habitat. First records for Germany include Anadenobolus monilicornis (Porat, 1876), Epinannolene cf. trinidadensis Chamberlin, 1918, Epinannolene sp., Mesoiulus gridellii Strasser, 1934, Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891, Lamyctes coeculus (Br\ölemann, 1889) and Tygarrup javanicus (Attems, 1907). The millipedes Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) and Amphitomeus attemsi (Schubart, 1934) and the centipedes Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) are the species most frequently found in greenhouses.

}, keywords = {centipedes, first records, Germany, hothouse, millipedes, review}, issn = {1314-2828}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1066}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1066}, author = {Decker, Peter and Reip, Hans S. and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Karin} } @article {1489, title = {[Tausendfu{\ss} (Julus terrestris)]}, volume = {473}, year = {1900}, month = {20/06/1900}, pages = {2}, edition = {Erste Morgen-Ausgabe}, chapter = {Vermischte Nachrichten}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Anonymous (1900): [Tausendfu\ß (Julus terrestris)]. K\ölnische Zeitung, Mittwoch, 20. Juni. 1900 - Nr. 473, Erste Morgen-Ausgabe, Vermischte Nachrichten, page 2. https://zeitpunkt.nrw/ulbbn/periodical/zoom/7594565

}, url = {https://zeitpunkt.nrw/ulbbn/periodical/zoom/7594565}, author = {Anonymous} } @article {1485, title = {Wandernde Doppelf{\"u}ssler, Eisenbahnz{\"u}ge hemmend}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger}, volume = {23}, year = {1900}, month = {03/09/1900}, pages = {465-473}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31026920}, author = {Verhoeff, Karl Wilhelm} } @book {1462, title = {Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.}, volume = {1}, year = {1758}, pages = {824}, publisher = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, organization = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, edition = {10}, address = {Stockholm}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Linnaeus, C. (1758): Systema natur\æ per Regna Tria natur\æ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmi\æ. 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277}, author = {Linnaeus, Carolus} } @article {1430, title = {[Letter to Ludwig D{\"o}derlein]}, year = {1900}, month = {27/06/1900}, publisher = {Archives de la Ville et de l{\textquoteright}Eurom{\'e}tropole de Strasbourg}, address = {Strasbourg, Grand Est, France}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1900, June 27). [Letter to Ludwig D\öderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l\’Eurom\étropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

}, author = {Verhoeff, Carl Wilhelm} } @article {1429, title = {[Postcard to Ludwig D{\"o}derlein]}, year = {1900}, month = {20/06/1900}, publisher = {Archives de la Ville et de l{\textquoteright}Eurom{\'e}tropole de Strasbourg}, address = {Strasbourg, Grand Est, France}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1900, June 20). [Postcard to Ludwig D\öderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l\’Eurom\étropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

}, author = {Verhoeff, Carl Wilhelm} } @article {1425, title = {[Letter to Ludwig D{\"o}derlein]}, year = {1898}, month = {08/08/1898}, publisher = {Archives de la Ville et de l{\textquoteright}Eurom{\'e}tropole de Strasbourg}, address = {Strasbourg, Grand Est, France}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1898, August 8). [Letter to Ludwig D\öderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l\’Eurom\étropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

}, author = {Verhoeff, Carl Wilhelm} } @article {1386, title = {Life stages of the non-native Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860) (Julida, Julidae) in Australian small grain systems}, journal = {Agricultural and Forest Entomology}, volume = {23}, year = {2021}, month = {27/04/2021}, pages = {429-440}, abstract = {

The Portuguese millipede, Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas, 1860), is increasingly a pest of grains crops in Australian agricultural ecosystems. With the rapid uptake of minimum-tillage practices, habitat quality has been enhanced for several species of soil dwelling invertebrates, in particular O. moreleti. To understand the population dynamics of O. moreleti in Australian grains crops, populations were sampled at multiple sites for more than 2 years using pitfall traps and cardboard roll traps. Specimens were dissected to investigate reproductive status and developmental stage. Millipede trapping rates varied between sites and across the year, and tended to be lower when soil water content (m3/m3) was high. Both sexes were active year round, however females were relatively more abundant when ground temperatures were higher. Males in a copulatory state and females with mature eggs were collected year round although females lacking mature eggs were more common when ground temperatures were higher and the soil was drier, and female egg load was higher under cooler conditions. Females at a stadium 9 or later carried mature eggs and copulatory males tended to be from stadium 8 or later. Different developmental stages could be recovered at all times of the year. These findings indicate persistent populations of O. moreleti across fields throughout the year, with a key breeding period in autumn but likely opportunistic breeding all year. Control of millipedes will need to focus on increasing the impact of biological agents, decreasing suitable habitat for millipede breeding and intensive control at susceptible crop periods.

}, keywords = {Agriculture, Australia, grain, Julidae, Ommatoiulus moreleti, reproduction}, issn = {1461-9555}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12444}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/afe.12444}, author = {Heddle, Thomas and Umina, Paul A. and van Helden, Maarten and Alhwash, Lamyaa and Cheng, Xuan and Binns, Matthew and Hoffmann, Ary A.} } @article {1332, title = {Increase of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, volume = {13}, year = {2020}, month = {16/07/2020}, pages = {508-518}, abstract = {
  1. A dramatic insect decline has been documented on the grasslands and forests of European or North American mainland. Yet, other parts of the world and other ecosystems remain much less studied with unknown patterns.
  2. Using a unique time-series dataset, we investigate recent trends on abundance and richness of arthropods sampled in Azorean native forest over 6\ years (2013\–2018).
  3. We test the hypothesis that biodiversity erosion drivers are changing the diversity and relative species abundance structure (species abundance distribution, SAD) of endemics, native non-endemics and exotic species over time. We also examine temporal trends in abundance for each individual species.
  4. In contrast with mainland studies, we observed no decline in overall arthropod diversity, but a clear increase in the diversity of exotic arthropods and some evidence of a tendency for decreasing abundance for some endemic species. We also document stronger species turnover for exotic species, but no specific changes in the SAD.
  5. We argue that many changes, particularly in unique systems such as islands, will be noticed not at the richness but mostly at compositional level. Special attention should be given to exotic species which are known to be one of the major drivers of biodiversity erosion on islands.
}, keywords = {Azores, Exotic species, invertebrates, Islands, long-term monitoring, sampling standardisation}, issn = {1752-458X, 1752-4598}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12431}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/icad.12431}, author = {Borges, Paulo A. V. and Rigal, Fran{\c c}ois and Ros-Prieto, Alejandra and Cardoso, Pedro} } @article {1331, title = {Scientists{\textquoteright} warning to humanity on illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, year = {2021}, month = {08/10/2021}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

Illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade is growing at a global level, threatening the traded species and coexisting biota, and promoting the spread of invasive species. From the loss of ecosystem services to diseases transmitted from wildlife to humans, or connections with major organized crime networks and disruption of local to global economies, its ramifications are pervading our daily lives and perniciously affecting our well-being. Here we build on the manifesto \‘World Scientists\’ Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of World Scientists. As a group of researchers deeply concerned about the consequences of illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade, we review and highlight how these can negatively impact species, ecosystems, and society. We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and regulate wildlife trade more stringently.

}, keywords = {Economy, ecosystem services, extinction, Invasive alien species, Organized crime, Zoonotic diseases}, issn = {0006-3207}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109341}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320721003931}, author = {Cardoso, Pedro and Amponsah-Mensah, Kofi and Barreiros, Jo{\~a}o P. and Bouhuys, Jamie and Cheung, Hubert and Davies, Alisa and Kumschick, Sabrina and Longhorn, Stuart J. and Carlos A. Mart{\'\i}nez-Mu{\~n}oz and Morcatty, Thais Q. and Peters, Gretchen and Ripple, William J. and Rivera-T{\'e}llez, Emmanuel and Stringham, Oliver C. and Toomes, Adam and Tricorache, Patricia and Fukushima, Caroline S.} } @article {1324, title = {Seasonal activity of millipedes (Diplopoda) {\textendash} their economic and medical significance}, journal = {Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine}, volume = {19}, year = {2012}, pages = {646-650}, abstract = {

The millipede Brachydesmus superus Latzel, Polydesmus inconstans Latzel (Diplopoda: Polydesmida) and Kryphioiulus occultus C. L. Koch (Diplopoda: Julida) were collected from compost in gardens in Lublin, eastern Poland. Collections were made by using pitfall traps between April \– September 2009 and 2010. Brachydesmus superus, Polydesmus inconstans and Kryphioiulus occultus play a significant role in composting of plant residues. Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus Wood and Ommatoiulus sabulosus Linnaeus (Diplopoda: Julida) were collected manually in 2009-2011 in fallows and ruderals of Lublin and Krak\ów. C. caeruleocinctus and O. sabulosus caused considerable nuisance during mass occurrence and migration in human residences. The sex ratio has been determined for populations of C. caeruleocinctus, total sex ratio average 1:1.46. The number of females prevailed. Millipedes of the temperate climate have two peaks in the spring and autumn pattern of activity of the year. Both common species C. caeruleocinctus and O. sabulosus were analysed bacteriologically. The millipede Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus transmits Citrobacter freundii, Pantoea agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, Raoultella planticola, Salmonella arizonae. The millipede Ommatoiulus sabulosus transmits Citrobacter freundii, Pantoea agglomerans, Raoultella planticola and Xanthomonas maltophila.

}, keywords = {compost, Diplopoda, periodical activity, urban areas, vectors of diseases}, issn = {1232-1966}, url = {http://www.aaem.pl/Seasonal-activity-of-millipedes-Diplopoda-their-economic-and-medical-significance,71837,0,2.html}, author = {Kania, Grzegorz and K{\l}ape{\'c}, Teresa} } @book {1227, title = {Iles A{\c c}ores. Notice sur l{\textquoteright}histoire naturelle des A{\c c}ores suivi d{\textquoteright}une description des mollusques terrestres de cet archipel}, year = {1860}, pages = {214}, publisher = {J.-B. Bailli{\`e}re et Fils}, organization = {J.-B. Bailli{\`e}re et Fils}, address = {Paris}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Morelet, A. (1860):\ Iles A\çores. Notice sur l\&$\#$39;histoire naturelle des A\çores suivi d\&$\#$39;une description des mollusques terrestres de cet archipel. J. B. Bailli\ère et Fils, Paris. 214 pp. + 5 pls.\ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44501

}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44501}, author = {Morelet, Arthur} } @article {1221, title = {Arthropod diversity in two Historic Gardens in the Azores, Portugal}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, month = {06/08/2020}, pages = {1-27}, abstract = {

The aim of our study was to characterise and compare the richness and composition of endemic, native (non-endemic) and introduced arthropod assemblages of two Azorean Historic Gardens with contrasting plant species composition. We hypothesised that Faial Botanic Garden would hold higher arthropod diversity and abundance of native and endemic arthropod species due to its larger native plant community. Species were collected using several arthropod standardised techniques between April 2017 and June 2018. We used the alpha diversity metrics (Hill series) and the partitioning of total beta diversity (\βtotal) into its replacement (\βrepl) and richness (\βrich) components, to analyse the adult and total arthropod community. The orders Araneae, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were also studied separately. Our results show that the number of exotic arthropod species exceeds the number of native and/or the endemic species in both gardens, but the arthropod community of Faial Botanic Garden exhibited a higher density of endemic and native species. Despite some minor exceptions, the geographic origins of plant communities largely influenced the arthropod species sampled in each garden. This study improves our knowledge about urban arthropod diversity in the Azores and shows how well-designed urban garden management and planning contribute to the conservation of native and endemic Azorean species.

}, keywords = {Araneae, Arthropods, beta diversity partitioning, Coleoptera, diversity metrics, endemic species, Hemiptera, Hill series, introduced species, urban gardens}, issn = {1314-2836}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54749}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/54749/}, author = {Arteaga, Alba and Malumbres-Olarte, Jagoba and Gabriel, Rosalina and Ros-Prieto, Alejandra and Casimiro, Pedro and Sanchez, Ana Fuentes and Albergaria, Isabel S. and Borges, Paulo A.V.} } @article {1206, title = {Pitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, year = {2021}, month = {28/06/2021}, pages = {9864{\textendash} 9875}, abstract = {

Abstract Pitfall trapping is one of the standard methods used for the capture of ground-active arthropod groups. Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3\ cm, 5\ cm, and 12\ cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70\% ethanol and glycerol and 4\% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45\ days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (d\ =\ 12\ cm) and medium (5\ cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small-sized traps (3\ cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (d\ =\ 5\ cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (d\ =\ 5 and 12\ cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.

}, keywords = {body size, capture rate, fixing fluid, method selection, trap diameter}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7820}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.7820}, author = {Sta{\v s}iov, Slavom{\'\i}r and {\v C}iliak, Marek and Wiezik, Michal and Svitok, Marek and Wiezikov{\'a}, Adela and Diviakov{\'a}, Andrea} } @article {1188, title = {Soil Health and Arthropods: From Complex System to Worthwhile Investigation}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, month = {16/01/2020}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {

The dramatic increase in soil degradation in the last few decades has led to the need to identify methods to define not only soil quality but also, in a holistic approach, soil health. In the past twenty years, indices based on living communities have been proposed alongside the already proven physical-chemical methods. Among them, some soil invertebrates have been included in monitoring programs as bioindicators of soil quality. Being an important portion of soil fauna, soil arthropods are involved in many soil processes such as organic matter decomposition and translocation, nutrient cycling, microflora activity regulation and bioturbation. Many studies have reported the use of soil arthropods to define soil quality; among taxa, some have been explored more in depth, typically Acari and Collembola, while generally less abundant groups, such as Palpigradi or Embioptera, have not been investigated much. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the use of different soil microarthropod taxa in soil degradation/quality studies to highlight which groups are the most reported for soil monitoring and which are the most sensitive to soil degradation. We have decided not to include the two most present and abundant taxa, Acari and Collembola, in this paper in consideration of the vast amount of existing literature and focus the discussion on the other microarthropod groups. We reported some studies for each taxon highlighting the use of the group as soil quality indicator. A brief section reporting some indices based on soil microarthropods is proposed at the end of this specific discussion. This paper can be considered as a reference point in the use of soil arthropods to estimate soil quality and health.

}, keywords = {bioindicators, macroarthropods, mesofauna, microarthropods, soil biodiversity, soil degradation, soil quality}, issn = {2075-4450}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010054}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/1/54}, author = {Menta, Cristina and Remelli, Sara} } @article {1043, title = {Temporal complementarity in activity-density of two arthropod macro-detritivore taxa}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, year = {2021}, month = {21/01/2021}, abstract = {

1. Macro-detritivores are important fragmenters performing a first step in the ecosystem process of nutrient cycling. Woodlice and millipedes are important representatives of this group and their ecology and niche requirements are often regarded as very similar. However, it is unclear whether there is a difference in temporal activity throughout the year between both groups, possibly leading to temporal complementarity for leaf litter breakdown, and whether patterns of temporal variation in activity are consistent across different habitat types.

2. We studied year-round pitfall-trap data of woodlice and millipedes from an old sand quarry with a high habitat heterogeneity.

3. Our results indicate that there is high temporal complementarity between both detritivore taxa, with millipede activity-density peaking in spring, while woodlice showing a peak in summer. Interestingly, timing of activity depended on habitat openness. Millipedes peak first in open habitat and later in closed habitat, while woodlice showed the opposite pattern.

4. Temporal turnover in community composition was high and of similar magnitude as spatial turnover in community composition across this relatively small scale of our study area.

5. We conclude that, although woodlice and millipedes show comparable habitat preferences, their temporal activity patterns show the potential for temporal complementarity for litter breakdown.

}, keywords = {Community composition, decomposers, Diplopoda, habitat openness, Isopoda, phenology}, issn = {1752-458X}, doi = {10.1111/icad.12471}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/icad.12471}, author = {De Smedt, Pallieter and Proesmans, Willem and Baeten, Lander} } @article {960, title = {Inside the head of a cybertype {\textendash} three-dimensional reconstruction of the head muscles of Ommatoiulus avatar (Diplopoda: Juliformia: Julidae) reveals insights into the feeding movements of Juliformia}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {188}, year = {2019}, month = {28/11/2019}, pages = {954-975}, abstract = {

The origin and diversification of the arthropod head is one of the major topics in the field of evolutionary morphology of Arthropoda. Among the major arthropod groups, Myriapoda and, more precisely Diplopoda, are generally poorly studied regarding their head anatomy. However, this group is of pivotal importance to understand the evolutionary functional morphology of the arthropod head. In this study, we investigate the complete musculoskeletal system of the diplopod head with a detailed description of the cephalic anatomy of the recently described species Ommatoiulus avatar. The comparison of our data with the literature on the few other species available show that the morphology of the musculoskeletal system within Juliformia, a subgroup of the Diplopoda, is relatively conservative. Using video recordings of the feeding movements in addition to the anatomical data, we revise the mechanism of the mandibular movements in Juliformia. There was a controversy whether mandibular abduction is an active process, facilitated by contraction of an abductor muscle, or if it is a passive process, mediated by tentorial and gnathochilarial movements not involving a direct abduction by muscular contraction. We show that mandibular abduction in Ommatoiulus is an active movement involving the contraction of an abductor muscle. This is similar to the mandibular abduction in other arthropod groups.

}, keywords = {anatomy, behaviour, biomechanics, feeding behaviour}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz109}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/188/4/954/5644588}, author = {Naumann, Benjamin and Reip, Hans S. and Akkari, Nesrine and Neubert, David and Hammel, J{\"o}rg U.} } @article {434, title = {Detritivore conversion of litter into faeces accelerates organic matter turnover}, journal = {Communications Biology}, volume = {3}, year = {2020}, month = {11/11/2020}, pages = {1-9}, chapter = {660}, abstract = {

Litter-feeding soil animals are notoriously neglected in conceptual and mechanistic biogeochemical models. Yet, they may be a dominant factor in decomposition by converting large amounts of plant litter into faeces. Here, we assess how the chemical and physical changes occurring when litter is converted into faeces alter their fate during further decomposition with an experimental test including 36 combinations of phylogenetically distant detritivores and leaf litter of contrasting physicochemical characteristics. We show that, across litter and detritivore species, litter conversion into detritivore faeces enhanced organic matter lability and thereby accelerated carbon cycling. Notably, the positive conversion effect on faeces quality and decomposition increased with decreasing quality and decomposition of intact litter. This general pattern was consistent across detritivores as different as snails and woodlice, and reduced differences in quality and decomposition amongst litter species. Our data show that litter conversion into detritivore faeces has far-reaching consequences for the understanding and modelling of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

}, issn = {2399-3642}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01392-4}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01392-4}, author = {Joly, Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier and Coq, Sylvain and Coulis, Mathieu and David, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and H{\"a}ttenschwiler, Stephan and Mueller, Carsten W and Prater, Isabel and Subke, Jens-Arne} } @article {419, title = {Four myriapod relatives {\textendash} but who are sisters? No end to debates on relationships among the four major myriapod subgroups}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {04/11/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among the myriapod subgroups Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda are still not robustly resolved. The first phylogenomic study covering all subgroups resolved phylogenetic relationships congruently to morphological evidence but is in conflict with most previously published phylogenetic trees based on diverse molecular data. Outgroup choice and long-branch attraction effects were stated as possible explanations for these incongruencies. In this study, we addressed these issues by extending the myriapod and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

Results: We generated new transcriptome data of 42 panarthropod species, including all four myriapod subgroups and additional outgroup taxa. Our taxon sampling was complemented by published transcriptome and genome data resulting in a supermatrix covering 59 species. We compiled two data sets, the first with a full coverage of genes per species (292 single-copy protein-coding genes), the second with a less stringent coverage (988 genes). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among myriapods using different data types, tree inference, and quartet computation approaches. Our results unambiguously support monophyletic Mandibulata and Myriapoda. Our analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups. However, we observe strong evidence for a clade Pauropoda+Symphyla, as well as for a clade Chilopoda+Diplopoda.

Conclusions: Our best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study. AU tests and quartet mapping reject the quartet topology congruent to trees inferred with morphological characters. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data set is sufficient to explain the weak signal for the quartet topology derived from morphological characters. Although outgroup choice affects results, our study could narrow possible trees to derivatives of a single quartet topology. For highly disputed relationships, we propose to apply a series of tests (AU and quartet mapping), since results of such tests allow to narrow down possible relationships and to rule out confounding signal.

}, keywords = {Arthropod phylogeny, conflict, Confounding signal, Internal rooting, Phylogenetics, phylogenomics, Quartet topology, RNA-Seq, Transcriptomes}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, url = {https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, author = {Szucsich, Nikolaus U. and Bartel, Daniela and Blanke, Alexander and B{\"o}hm, Alexander and Donath, Alexander and Fukui, Makiko and Grove, Simon and Liu, Shanlin and Macek, Oliver and Machida, Ryuichiro and Misof, Bernhard and Nakagaki, Yasutaka and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Sekiya, Kaoru and Tomizuka, Shigekazu and Von Reumont, Bj{\"o}rn M. and Waterhouse, Robert M. and Walzl, Manfred and Meng, Guanliang and Zhou, Xin and Pass, G{\"u}nther and Meusemann, Karen} } @article {69, title = {Out of the dark void: Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp., a new julid from Spain (Diplopoda, Julida) with notes on some troglobiomorphic traits in millipedes}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4420}, year = {2018}, month = {May-05-2019}, pages = {415-429}, abstract = {

A new millipede species, Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp. is described from the subterranean habitat in eastern Spain, and the elongation of its antennae is discussed in relation to the habitat where it dwells. We take the occasion to discuss the elongation of appendages as a troglobiomorphic character in millipedes and shed the light on the various, sometimes controversial, hypotheses that could have led to these modifications in millipedes and other subterranean arthropods.

}, keywords = {new species, Schizophyllini, Spain, Taxonomy, troglomorphism}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4420.310.11646/zootaxa.4420.3.7}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4420.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4420.3.7https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/38811/33160}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Ortu{\~n}o, Vicente M. and Enghoff, Henrik} }