@article {1151, title = {Taxonomic synthesis of the eastern North American millipede genus Pseudopolydesmus (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Polydesmidae), utilizing high-detail ultraviolet fluorescence imaging}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {187}, year = {2019}, month = {18/04/2019}, pages = {117-142}, abstract = {

The species of the eastern North American millipede genus Pseudopolydesmus are reviewed. Synonyms and comprehensive literature citations are provided for each of the eight recognized species. Diagnostic morphology of the genus, including clarification of male gonopod terminology, is reviewed and defined using scanning electron microscopy and high-quality macrophotographic images, including those in which ultraviolet fluorescence was induced to produce detailed images of morphological structures. Based on the examination of available type material, the following eight species are recognized: (1) Pseudopolydesmus erasus; (2) Pseudopolydesmus canadensis; (3) Pseudopolydesmus collinus; (4) Pseudopolydesmus pinetorum; (5) Pseudopolydesmus minor; (6) Pseudopolydesmus caddo; (7) Pseudopolydesmus paludicolus; and (8) Pseudopolydesmus serratus. The species names Polydesmus neoterus and Polydesmus euthetus are here placed as junior subjective synonyms of Ps. minor (both syn. nov.), and Polydesmus natchitoches is placed as a junior subjective synonym of Ps. pinetorum (syn. nov.).

}, keywords = {anatomy, biodiversity, ecology, genitalia, genus revision, morphological systematics, Taxonomy}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz020}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/187/1/117/5475011}, author = {Sierwald, Petra and Hennen, Derek A. and Zahnle, Xavier J. and Ware, Stephanie and Marek, Paul E.} } @article {960, title = {Inside the head of a cybertype {\textendash} three-dimensional reconstruction of the head muscles of Ommatoiulus avatar (Diplopoda: Juliformia: Julidae) reveals insights into the feeding movements of Juliformia}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {188}, year = {2019}, month = {28/11/2019}, pages = {954-975}, abstract = {

The origin and diversification of the arthropod head is one of the major topics in the field of evolutionary morphology of Arthropoda. Among the major arthropod groups, Myriapoda and, more precisely Diplopoda, are generally poorly studied regarding their head anatomy. However, this group is of pivotal importance to understand the evolutionary functional morphology of the arthropod head. In this study, we investigate the complete musculoskeletal system of the diplopod head with a detailed description of the cephalic anatomy of the recently described species Ommatoiulus avatar. The comparison of our data with the literature on the few other species available show that the morphology of the musculoskeletal system within Juliformia, a subgroup of the Diplopoda, is relatively conservative. Using video recordings of the feeding movements in addition to the anatomical data, we revise the mechanism of the mandibular movements in Juliformia. There was a controversy whether mandibular abduction is an active process, facilitated by contraction of an abductor muscle, or if it is a passive process, mediated by tentorial and gnathochilarial movements not involving a direct abduction by muscular contraction. We show that mandibular abduction in Ommatoiulus is an active movement involving the contraction of an abductor muscle. This is similar to the mandibular abduction in other arthropod groups.

}, keywords = {anatomy, behaviour, biomechanics, feeding behaviour}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz109}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/188/4/954/5644588}, author = {Naumann, Benjamin and Reip, Hans S. and Akkari, Nesrine and Neubert, David and Hammel, J{\"o}rg U.} } @article {955, title = {The out-of-India hypothesis: evidence from an ancient centipede genus, Rhysida (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from the Oriental Region, and systematics of Indian species}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {189}, year = {2019}, month = {16/12/2019}, pages = {828-861}, abstract = {

The Oriental Region has been a focus of biogeographical research for more than two centuries. We examined systematics and biogeography of the centipede genus Rhysida in this region. A robust species hypothesis for the Indian subcontinental and Southeast Asian Rhysida clade uses molecular, morphological and distribution data. Twelve species are recognized in two monophyletic species complexes, eight belonging to the Rhysida immarginata and four to the Rhysida longipes species complex. They include Rhysida aspinosa, Rhysida crassispina, R. immarginata, R. longipes and seven new species, five of which are formally named in this paper: Rhysida ikhalama, Rhysida konda, Rhysida lewisi, Rhysida pazhuthara and Rhysida sada. The nine Rhysida species are documented taxonomically and their morphological variation is reviewed. An integrative systematic approach reveals that diversity of Rhysida in the Indian subcontinent has been underestimated. Both species complexes started to diversify in the Early to Late Cretaceous in the Indian subcontinent. The out-of-India hypothesis is supported in both clades, because Southeast Asian species are nested in Indian subcontinental clades. Historical biogeographical analyses suggest two independent post-collision dispersal events, one in the immarginata clade and another where R. longipes expanded its range into Southeast Asia.

}, keywords = {biogeography, molecular phylogenetics, Scolopendridae}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz138}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/3/828/5679552}, author = {Joshi, Jahnavi and Karanth, Praveen K. and Edgecombe, Gregory D.} } @article {426, title = {Morphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, year = {2020}, month = {07/11/2020}, pages = {1-31}, abstract = {

Onychophora, or velvet worms, are a key group for understanding ecdysozoan evolution. It comprises two families: Peripatopsidae, largely of Austral distribution, and Peripatidae, which is circumtropical. The interrelationships between the members of Peripatidae present many taxonomic issues exacerbated in the radiation of the Neotropical species or Neopatida. To understand the phylogeny of Neopatida, and to test the information of such morphological characters, we gathered novel molecular and morphological datasets focusing on Neotropical specimens. Our data were analysed using a combination of parsimony and maximum likelihood for the individual and combined molecular and morphological datasets. An analysis of morphology alone was inconclusive, supporting the notion that morphological characters used in peripatid taxonomy have little power to resolve phylogenetic relationships among higher taxa in Neopatida. However, the analyses of molecular or combined data show a split of the Neotropical species into two clades, which we use to reassign genera. Epiperipatus, as currently understood, is non-monophyletic, because it includes species of monotypic genera. To avoid paraphyly of Epiperipatus, the following new combinations are proposed: Epiperipatus bouvieri (Fuhrmann, 1913), Epiperipatus hitoyensis (Oliveira et al., 2012a), Epiperipatus solorzanoi (Morera-Brenes \& Monge-N\ájera, 2010) and Epiperipatus sucuriuensis (Oliveira et al., 2015).

}, keywords = {biogeography, cara{\"\i}bes onychophorans, conserved morphology, Epiperipatus, morphology, Neopatida, New World, Peripatidae, South America, systematics}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa100}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa100/5959943}, author = {Costa, Cristiano Sampaio and Giribet, Gonzalo and Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo} } @article {48, title = {A scolopocryptopid centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from Mexican amber: Synchrotron microtomography and phylogenetic placement using a combined morphological and molecular data set}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {166}, year = {2012}, month = { 26/11/2012}, pages = {768-786}, abstract = {

The first scolopocryptopid centipede known from the fossil record is a specimen of the subfamily Scolopocryptopinae in Miocene amber from Chiapas, southern Mexico. It is described here as Scolopocryptops simojovelensis sp. nov., displaying a distinct combination of morphological characters compared to extant congeners. Anatomical details of the fossil specimen were acquired by non-invasive 3D synchrotron microtomography using X-ray phase contrast. The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred based on a combination of morphological data with sequences for six genes (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA, nuclear protein-coding histone H3, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and protein-coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) for extant Scolopendromorpha. The data set includes eight extant species of Scolopocryptops and Dinocryptops from North America, east Asia, and the Pacific, rooted with novel sequence data for other blind scolopendromorphs. The molecular and combined data sets, analysed in a parsimony/direct optimization framework, identified a stable pattern of two main clades within Scolopocryptopinae. North American and Asian species of Scolopocryptops are united as a clade supported by both morphological and molecular characters. Its sister group is a Neotropical clade in which the type species of Dinocryptops is nested within a paraphyletic assemblage of Scolopocryptops species; Dinocryptops is placed in synonymy with Scolopocryptops. The strength of support for the relationships of extant taxa from the molecular data allow the Chiapas fossil to be assigned with precision, despite ambiguity in the morphological data; the fossil is resolved as sister species to the extant Laurasian clade.

}, keywords = {Chiapas amber, Miocene, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptops}, issn = {0024-4082}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00860.x}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/166/4/768/2627050}, author = {Edgecombe, Gregory D. and Vahtera, Varpu and Stock, Stuart R. and Kallonen, Aki and Xiao, Xianghui and Rack, Alexander and Giribet, Gonzalo} }