@article {1220, title = {An annotated checklist of millipede fauna from Slovakia, with ecological and biogeographic characteristics}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2021}, month = {09/09/2021}, pages = {1-29}, abstract = {

Two decades have passed since the last checklist of the millipedes in Slovakia. During this time, several new records have been added and taxonomic revisions have occurred. The present updated checklist summarizes data on all millipede species recorded in Slovakia, including altogether 93 species. For each species, habitat evaluation, ecological classification and distributional pattern is provided. Ecological classification is presented for the first time for the area of Slovakia and can be used in ecological studies and for the needs of nature protection. Special remarks to selected taxa are given, including Geoglomeris subterranea Verhoeff, 1908, Brachyiulus lusitanus\ Verhoeff, 1898, Cylindroiulus britannicus\ (Verhoeff, 1891), C.\ parisiorum\ (Br\ölemann \& Verhoeff, 1896) and Polydesmus burzenlandicus Verhoeff, 1925, which are recently found for the first time, as well as C.\ arborum Verhoeff, 1928, confirmed in Slovakia after more than 70 years.

}, keywords = {Diplopoda, distributional pattern, ecological classification, faunal list, new records}, issn = {1314-2836}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e71495}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/71495/}, author = {Ha{\v l}kov{\'a}, Be{\'a}ta and Drabov{\'a}, Martina and Mock, Andrej} } @mastersthesis {1169, title = {Karyotypov{\'a} variabilita stono{\v z}kovc{\r u} (Myriapoda) / Karyotype variability of Myriapoda}, year = {2020}, month = {13/07/2020}, pages = {38}, school = {Univerzita Karlova, P{\v r}{\'\i}rodov{\v e}deck{\'a} fakulta}, type = {Bachelor thesis}, address = {Prague}, abstract = {

Abstrakt: Bakal\á{\v r}sk\á pr\áce pojedn\áv\á o diploidn\ích po{\v c}tech chromozom{\r u}, jejich morfologii a chromozomov\ém mechanismu ur{\v c}en\í pohlav\í u {\v c}ty{\v r}ech t{\v r}\íd podkmene Myriapoda. Pozornost je z\árove{\v n} v{\v e}nov\ána vz\ájemn\ým fylogenetick\ým vztah{\r u}m v r\ámci podkmene. P{\v r}ehled literatury ukazuje m\íru prozkoumanosti cytogenetick\ých charakteristik u jednotliv\ých t{\v r}\íd, kter\á je zejm\éna ve t{\v r}\íd\ách Pauropoda a Symphyla st\ále velmi n\ízk\á a v r\ámci t{\v r}\ídy Diplopoda je st\ále je\št{\v e} velk\é mno{\v z}stv\í {\v r}\ád{\r u}, kde n\ám tyto informace zcela chyb\í. Cytogenetick\é anal\ýzy odhalily celkov\é rozp{\v e}t\í po{\v c}tu chromozom{\r u} pro: Pauropoda 2n = 12 \– 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 \– 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 \– 54 a Diplopoda 2n = 8 \– 30. V r\ámci v\šech {\v c}ty{\v r} t{\v r}\íd se vyskytuj\í jak morfologicky nediferencovan\é pohlavn\í chromozomy, tak syst\émy typu XX/XY a XX/X0. Nav\íc je u {\v r}\ádu Spirostreptida uv\ád{\v e}n\ý i syst\ém X1X1X2X2/X1X20. Pouze u mal\ého mno{\v z}stv\í druh{\r u} z {\v r}\ád{\r u} Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida a Lithobiomorpha a {\v c}eledi Scutigerellidae se poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat v\ýskyt NOR{\r u}. V pr\áci se tak\é poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat n{\v e}kter\é neshody mezi \údaji r{\r u}zn\ých prac\í, kdy se ukazuje, {\v z}e zejm\éna n{\v e}kter\é star\š\í studie byly postaveny na \špatn\ém pozorov\án\í chromozom{\r u} v karyotypu.

Karyotype variability of Myriapoda

Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with diploid numbers of chromosomes, their morphology and chromosome mechanism of sex determination in four classes of the subphylum Myriapoda. Attention is also paid to mutual phylogenetic relationships within the subphylum. A review of the literature shows the degree of examination of cytogenetic characteristics in individual classes, which is still very low, especially in the classes Pauropoda and Symphyla, and within the class Diplopoda there are still a large number of orders where we completely lack this information. Cytogenetic analyzes revealed a total range of chromosome numbers for: Pauropoda 2n = 12 - 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 - 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 - 54 and Diplopoda 2n = 8 - 30. Within all four classes, there are both morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and XX/XY and XX/X0 systems. In addition, the X1X1X2X2/X1X20 system is mentioned for the order Spirostreptida. Only a small number of species from the orders Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida, Lithobiomorpha and from family Scutigerellidae were able to identify the occurrence of NORs. The work also managed to identify some discrepancies between the data of different works, which shows that especially some older studies were based on poor observation of chromosomes in the karyotype.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, chromosomes, chromozomy, Diplopoda, fylogeneze, karyotyp, karyotype, Myriapoda, Pauropoda, phylogeny, Symphyla, variabilita, variability}, url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/119725}, author = {K{\'a}{\v s}ov{\'a}, Ad{\'e}la} } @article {975, title = {Catalogue of the millipedes (Diplopoda) in Miller{\textquoteright}s collection (Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czechia), part 2}, journal = {Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series}, volume = {189}, year = {2020}, month = {09/09/2020}, pages = {11{\textendash}20}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

The present catalogue completes (as the second of the two parts) data for the millipede collection of Czech arachnologist Franti\šek Miller (1902\–1983), housed in the National Museum in Prague. This second part of the catalogue brings information on a total of 341 specimens belonging to 34 millipede species; these specimens were previously housed at Charles University in Prague, and later moved to the National Museum. The material was collected during 1927\–1950 in the territory of modern-day Czechia and Slovakia. Chelogona carpathicum, Polydesmus tatranus and Trachysphaera acutula are species of special importance for Slovak faunistics, due to their endemic occurrence. Glomeris klugii is the first record for Slovakia. For Leptoiulus noricus and Polydesmus inconstans, these are chronologically the oldest records from the territory of Slovakia.

}, keywords = {Bohemia, Diplopoda, faunistics, Franti{\v s}ek Miller, historical records, Moravia, myriapodological collection, Slovakia}, issn = {1802-6842}, doi = {10.37520/jnmpnhs.2020.003}, url = {https://publikace.nm.cz/file/4d979f0157de680a86d0440d1c4703e2/23488/jnmpnhs_2020_003.pdf}, author = {Dolej{\v s}, Petr and Kocourek, Pavel} } @article {836, title = {Release of greenhouse gases from millipedes as related to food, body size, and other factors}, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, volume = {144}, year = {2020}, month = {28/02/2020}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

The release of greenhouse gases from millipede digestive tracts warrants study because of its potential effect on climate change and also as an indicator of microbial processes that transform organic matter during passage through the gut of these animals. Gas chromatography was used to quantify the release of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from living millipedes in laboratory conditions. The effect of four food types (leaf litter of alder, oak, and maple, and rotten wood) on the release of CH4, CO2, and N2O by 12 species was also assessed. In addition, two julid species were fed pure cellulose to test the ability of these millipedes to obtain energy from cellulose and to determine the effect of this diet on gas production.

All of the tested millipede species produced CO2 and some produced CH4. Stable and substantial CH4 emission was restricted to the large millipedes in the tropical orders Spirobolida and Spirostreptida. This asymmetrical phylogenetic distribution of CH4 production may be related to body size and the presence of gut commensals, but these factors may influence each other and depend upon geographic distribution of species. The quality of the food and feeding regime can also affect CH4 production in that CH4 release was significantly higher when millipedes were fed alder leaf litter rather than oak or maple leaf litter. CO2 production from millipedes mainly reflected the metabolic response of the animals. Traces of N2O were only occasionally emitted by millipedes; this release evidently depends on the N content in the food and seems to be restricted to members of the Glomeridae family. Based on gas production, the tested species of millipedes were unable to obtain their energy needs from a diet of pure cellulose.

}, keywords = {Carbon dioxide, Cellulose, Diplopoda, Food, Methane, Nitrous oxide}, issn = {0038-0717}, doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107765}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071720300626}, author = {{\v S}ustr, Vladimir and {\v S}imek, Miloslav and Faktorov{\'a}, Lucie and Mackov{\'a}, Jana and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {438, title = {Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {1131-1140}, abstract = {

An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5\%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Cretaceous, Diplopoda, fossil, Myanmar, Symphyla}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.1131}, url = {https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/30320/}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Moritz, Leif} } @article {365, title = {Millipeds from Dominican Amber, with the Description of Two New Species (Diplopoda: Siphonophoridae) of Siphonophora}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {85}, year = {1992}, month = {01/07/1992}, pages = {363 - 369}, abstract = {

Representatives of 11 genera (Lophoproctus?, Glomeridesmus, Epinannolene, Siphonophora, Siphonotus, Docodesmus, lomus, Lophodesmus?, Psochodesmus, Dasyodontus, and Inodesmus?) are reported from Dominican amber, most of them constituting the first or oldest fossils of their corresponding higher taxa. Extant species of lomus and Inodesmus have not been reported from Hispaniola; a chelodesmid seems more closely related to South American genera than to present-day Caribbean diplopods. Siphonophora hoffmani spec. nov. and S. velezi spec. nov. are described from adults embedded in Dominican amber.

}, keywords = {Diplopoda, Hispaniola, Siphonophora spp., systematics}, issn = {0013-8746}, doi = {10.1093/aesa/85.4.363}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/85.4.363}, author = {Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. and Poinar, George O.} } @article {290, title = {Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {117-137}, abstract = {

The shallow underground of rock debris is a unique animal refuge. Nevertheless, the research of this habitat lags far behind the study of caves and soil, due to technical and time-consuming demands. Data on Myriapoda in scree habitat from eleven localities in seven different geomorphological units of the Czech and Slovak Republics were processed. Based on previous studies, as well as knowledge of cave and soil fauna, it was hypothesised that the occurrence of a varied and peculiar fauna would show a pattern of depth distribution with variations due to local specificities. From 2005\–2016 (at least one year on each site), macrofauna was collected via sets of three long-term exposed subterranean traps consisting of 110 cm long perforated tube, with ten cups located in a gradient at 5\–95 cm below the soil surface. In total, 14 symphylans (not identified to species level), 271 centipedes (23 spp.) and 572 millipedes (32 spp.) were sampled. The overall depth distribution of centipedes and millipedes appeared to have relatively similar pattern, with both groups being found at all depth levels. Nevertheless, this pattern depends on locations. The depth distribution trend lines are mostly in the form of an asymmetric \‘U\’, with decreased abundance until the middle of the gradient, followed by increase in the deepest levels. Epigeic species were sporadically distributed along the whole depth gradient, but concentrated at the soil surface, while some subterranean species, such as the centipede Lithobius lucifugus and the millipedes Geoglomeris subterranea, Cibiniulus slovacus and Archiboreoiulus pallidus, were recorded in the deepest parts of the gradient. This characterises the debris community as a mixture of soil and subterranean species with an absence of species exclusively found in caves. The use of different fixation methods in traps had a significant and selective impact on samples; millipedes were either attracted by ethylene glycol or repelled by formaldehyde. Centipedes were also captured more frequently in ethylene glycol; however, the species composition varied in each of the fixatives. Depth distribution of myriapods was similar in both fixative solutions. Traps with these fixatives could be recommended for similar ecological studies.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Diplopoda, MSS, Myriapoda, subterranean traps}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.48914}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/48914/}, author = {Ha{\v l}kov{\'a}, Be{\'a}ta and Tuf, Ivan Hadri{\'a}n and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Mock, Andrej} } @article {13, title = {New species of millipedes occurring in the Czech Republic: species discovered in the period 2003{\textendash}2017}, journal = {Schubartiana}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, pages = {27-30}, chapter = {27}, abstract = {

Since the year 2003, six millipede species new for the Czech Republic were announced. All of them were discovered in small populations mostly in natural habitats. They can be divided into two groups. One is represented by rare, relict and stenoecic species (Hungarosoma bokori, Hylebainosoma tatranum and Melogona transsylvanica). The other group is represented by species exhibiting a closer relationship to subterranean habitats in the Czech Republic (Brachychaeteuma bradeae, Macrosternodesmus palicola and Geoglomeris subterranea); their presence in the Czech Republic was revealed by modified pitfall traps used for collecting of deep-living invertebrates and by combination of several methods used during the research in caves. All six species are listed in the Red List of Threatened Invertebrates in the Czech Republic.

}, keywords = {Chordeumatida, Diplopoda, distribution, faunistics, Glomerida, Polydesmida, threatened species}, issn = {1861-0366}, url = {https://schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol6/Kocourek-2017-New_species_Czech_Republic_2003-2017.pdf}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Dolej{\v s}, Petr} }