@article {1006, title = {Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida): new insights into its taxonomy, systematics, molecular genetics, biogeography and ecology}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4178}, year = {2016}, month = {10/2016}, pages = {234{\textendash}256}, chapter = {234}, abstract = {

Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928 is a millipede species which was originally classified solely on the basis of a female specimen. Subsequently, a long history of field searching for and surmising about the systematic position of this small, enigmatic species followed. In April 2013, 85 years after its first description, a series of nine specimens were sampled in the type locality, the Abaliget Cave, in southern Hungary. An adult male was collected for the first time, along with females and juveniles. Descriptions of the gonopods and the female vulvae, both important for considerations of the systematic position of the species, are presented for the first time. Revision and re-designation of the type material was made. The cryptic life of the species is connected with its activity in winter, and its known fragmented distribution corresponds with its presence in undisturbed microhabitats having a specific microclimate, often in the soil at cave entrances.
Molecular methods showed a positive detection of the intracellular prokaryotic parasite Wolbachia in H. bokori, reflecting its highly probable parthenogenetic character in the main part of its known area of occurrence. This is the first demonstration of Wolbachia in a millipede.
The legitimacy of the family Hungarosomatidae Ceuca, 1974, as a separate taxon was analysed using morphological and molecular approaches. Results of both methods confirmed the existence of a distinct phyletic line. DNA barcoding has shown its closest position to Attemsiidae Verhoeff, 1899, or Neoatractosomatidae Verhoeff, 1901. Based on records from Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, the residual circum-pannonic distribution that the whole genus (family) probably represents is proposed.

}, keywords = {cytochrome oxidase 1 gene, distribution, DNA barcoding, gonopods, Hungarosomatidae, redescription, Wolbachia}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.4}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4178.2.4}, author = {Mock, Andrej and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and {\v Z}urovcov{\'a}, Martina and Jaro{\v s}ov{\'a}, Andrea and Kocourek, Pavel and Gruber, J{\"u}rgen and Angyal, Dorottya and Spelda, J{\"o}rg} } @article {1004, title = {Mnohono{\v z}ky (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) CHKO Brdy. Millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of the Brdy Protected Landscape Area}, journal = {Bohemia centralis}, volume = {34}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {187{\textendash}204}, chapter = {187}, abstract = {

Data about the millipedes (Diplopoda) in the Brdy Protected Landscape Area (Central Bohemia, the Czech Republic) are summarized for the first time in this contribution. A substantial part of the analysed material was obtained during 2016 and 2017, complemented by several findings from the previous time. Millipedes were sampled at 31 sites in different forest localities. The open sites, such as grasslands, heaths, rocky outcrops and open stony debris were also partly investigated. In total 35 millipede species were recorded using the combination of individual sampling, pitfall trapping and litter sieving with subsequent heat extraction of invertebrates. The highest diversity of millipede assemblages were found in well preserved ravines and mixed beech forest stands (localities Klobou{\v c}ek and Valdek) and also in highly diversified synantropic sites (Borovno). The highest frequency of occurrence was recorded for the millipede species Polydesmus complanatus, Mycogona germanica, Glomeris connexa and Leptoiulus noricus. The occurrence of Pachypodoiulus eurypus, Glomeris klugii, Haasea flavescens and Haploporatia eremita underline natural character of a number of localities within this protected area and suggest geographical consequences of given territory with neighbouring regions of Central Europe.

}, keywords = {Brdy Protected Landscape Area, Czech Republic, Diplopoda, distribution, faunistics, millipedes}, issn = {0231-5807}, url = {https://strednicechy.ochranaprirody.cz/res/archive/035/069811.pdf}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @inbook {1003, title = {Chilopoda (stono{\v z}ky) [t{\v r}{\'\i}da/class: Chilopoda]}, booktitle = {{\v C}erven{\'y} seznam ohro{\v z}en{\'y}ch druh{\r u} {\v C}esk{\'e} republiky: Bezobratl{\'\i}. Red list of threatened species of the Czech Republic: Invertebrates}, volume = {36}, year = {2017}, pages = {108{\textendash}110}, publisher = {Agentura ochrany p{\v r}{\'\i}rody a krajiny {\v C}R}, organization = {Agentura ochrany p{\v r}{\'\i}rody a krajiny {\v C}R}, address = {Prague}, isbn = {978-80-88076-53-7}, issn = {978-80-88076-53-7}, url = {http://www.ochranaprirody.cz/res/archive/372/058861.pdf?seek=1509630128}, author = {Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Tuf, Ivan H.} } @inbook {1002, title = {Diplopoda (mnohono{\v z}ky) [t{\v r}{\'\i}da/class: Diplopoda]}, booktitle = {{\v C}erven{\'y} seznam ohro{\v z}en{\'y}ch druh{\r u} {\v C}esk{\'e} republiky: Bezobratl{\'\i}. Red list of threatened species of the Czech Republic: Invertebrates}, volume = {36}, year = {2017}, pages = {111{\textendash}112}, publisher = {Agentura ochrany p{\v r}{\'\i}rody a krajiny {\v C}R}, organization = {Agentura ochrany p{\v r}{\'\i}rody a krajiny {\v C}R}, address = {Prague}, isbn = {978-80-88076-53-7}, issn = {978-80-88076-53-7}, url = {http://www.ochranaprirody.cz/res/archive/372/058861.pdf?seek=1509630128}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {1001, title = {Mnohono{\v z}ky (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) CHKO a BR K{\v r}ivokl{\'a}tsko. Millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of the K{\v r}ivokl{\'a}tsko PLA and BR}, journal = {Bohemia centralis}, volume = {31}, year = {2011}, month = {12/2011}, pages = {285{\textendash}300}, chapter = {285}, abstract = {

Data about the millipedes (Diplopoda) in the K{\v r}ivokl\átsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve (Czech Republic) are summarised in the article. In 1994\–2007, millipedes were studied at 36 sites there using the combination of three methods; individual sampling of invertebrates, pitfall trapping and soil sampling with subsequent heat extraction of animals. In total, 44 millipede species were recorded. The most frequent were the common European or Central European millipedes Megaphyllum projectum, Polydesmus complanatus, Ochogona caroli, Mycogona germanica, Glomeris connexa and Unciger foetidus. Beside this, some rare species, e.g. Listrocheiritium septentrionale, Melogona transsylvanica (the first record for the Czech Republic), Pachypodoiulus eurypus and Trachysphaera costata, together with frequent occurrence of high numbers of species per site confirmed well-preserved natural habitats within the given protected area. The highest per site numbers of species were found in the T\ý{\v r}ov National Nature Reserve (28 species) and the V{\r u}znice National Nature Reserve (26 species). Concerning the assemblages of millipedes, according to contemporary knowledge, the K{\v r}ivokl\átsko PLA and BR seems to be the richest area in the Czech Republic and probably one of the richest areas also in the whole Central Europe.

}, keywords = {Czech Republic, Diplopoda, distribution, K{\v r}ivokl{\'a}tsko Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve, millipedes}, issn = {0231-5807}, url = {https://strednicechy.ochranaprirody.cz/res/archive/172/022433.pdf?seek=1404373252}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @inbook {994, title = {Chilopoda {\textendash} stono{\v z}ky}, booktitle = {Nep{\r u}vodn{\'\i} druhy fauny a fl{\'o}ry {\v C}esk{\'e} republiky [Alien Species of Fauna and Flora of the Czech Republic]}, year = {2006}, pages = {247}, publisher = {{\v C}esk{\'y} svaz ochr{\'a}nc{\r u} p{\v r}{\'\i}rody}, organization = {{\v C}esk{\'y} svaz ochr{\'a}nc{\r u} p{\v r}{\'\i}rody}, chapter = {4.10}, address = {Praha}, isbn = {80-86770-17-6}, author = {Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {836, title = {Release of greenhouse gases from millipedes as related to food, body size, and other factors}, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, volume = {144}, year = {2020}, month = {28/02/2020}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

The release of greenhouse gases from millipede digestive tracts warrants study because of its potential effect on climate change and also as an indicator of microbial processes that transform organic matter during passage through the gut of these animals. Gas chromatography was used to quantify the release of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from living millipedes in laboratory conditions. The effect of four food types (leaf litter of alder, oak, and maple, and rotten wood) on the release of CH4, CO2, and N2O by 12 species was also assessed. In addition, two julid species were fed pure cellulose to test the ability of these millipedes to obtain energy from cellulose and to determine the effect of this diet on gas production.

All of the tested millipede species produced CO2 and some produced CH4. Stable and substantial CH4 emission was restricted to the large millipedes in the tropical orders Spirobolida and Spirostreptida. This asymmetrical phylogenetic distribution of CH4 production may be related to body size and the presence of gut commensals, but these factors may influence each other and depend upon geographic distribution of species. The quality of the food and feeding regime can also affect CH4 production in that CH4 release was significantly higher when millipedes were fed alder leaf litter rather than oak or maple leaf litter. CO2 production from millipedes mainly reflected the metabolic response of the animals. Traces of N2O were only occasionally emitted by millipedes; this release evidently depends on the N content in the food and seems to be restricted to members of the Glomeridae family. Based on gas production, the tested species of millipedes were unable to obtain their energy needs from a diet of pure cellulose.

}, keywords = {Carbon dioxide, Cellulose, Diplopoda, Food, Methane, Nitrous oxide}, issn = {0038-0717}, doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107765}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071720300626}, author = {{\v S}ustr, Vladimir and {\v S}imek, Miloslav and Faktorov{\'a}, Lucie and Mackov{\'a}, Jana and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {835, title = {Enzymatic activities in the digestive tract of spirostreptid and spirobolid millipedes (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida and Spirobolida)}, journal = {Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, volume = {241}, year = {2019}, month = {18/11/2019}, abstract = {

Millipedes represent a model for the study of organic matter transformation, animal-microbial interactions, and compartmentalisation of digestion. The activity of saccharidases (amylase, laminarinase, cellulase, xylanase, chitinase, maltase, cellobiase, and trehalase) and protease were measured in the midgut and hindgut contents and walls of the millipedes Archispirostreptus gigas and Epibolus pulchripes. Assays done at pH 4 and 7 confirmed activities of all enzymes except xylanase. Hydrolysing of starch and laminarin prevailed. The hindgut of E. pulchripes was shorter, less differentiated. Micro-apocrine secretion was observed only in the midgut of A. gigas. Merocrine secretion was present in midgut and hindgut of E. pulchripes, and in the pyloric valve and anterior hindgut of A. gigas. Alpha-polysaccharidases were mostly active in the midgut content and walls, with higher activity at pH 4. The low activity of amylase (A. gigas) and laminarinase (E. pulchripes) in midgut tissue may indicate their synthesis in salivary glands. Cellulases were found in midgut. Chitinases, found in midgut content and tissue (E. pulchripes) or concentrated in the midgut wall (A. gigas), were more active at an acidic pH. Polysaccharidases were low in hindguts. Protease shows midgut origin and alkaline activity extending to the hindgut in E. pulchripes, whereas in A. gigas it is of salivary gland origin and acid activity restricted to the midgut. Some disaccharidases, with more alkaline activity, showed less apparent midgut-hindgut differences. It may indicate an axial separating of the primary and secondary digestion along the intestinal pH gradient or the presence of enzymes of hindgut parasites.

}, keywords = {Cellulase, Digestive enzymes, Gut compartments, Histology, Myriapoda}, issn = {10964959}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110388}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1096495919303471}, author = {{\v S}ustr, Vladimir and Semanov{\'a}, S. and Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena M. and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Sosinka, Agnieszka and Kaszuba. Florentyna} } @article {504, title = {The Siberian centipede species Lithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha): a new member of the Polish fauna.}, journal = {Zookeys}, year = {2019}, month = {2019}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

The centipede Lithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 is presented for the first time as a new member of the Polish fauna. This species, originally characterized as a widespread Siberian boreal species, seems to possess high plasticity with regards to environmental requirements. Its actual distribution range covers several geographical zones where local conditions have allowed it to survive. The present research in the Wigry National Park, northeast Poland, shows that its distribution extends to the ends of the East European Plain embracing the East Suwa{\l}ki Lake District, where it occurs almost exclusively in the oak-hornbeam forests: in summer it is one of the three dominant lithobiomorph centipedes inhabiting litter layers.

}, keywords = {East European Plain, Lithobiomorph centipede, new records, western limit of the range}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.821.32250}, author = {Wytwer, Jolanta and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {402, title = {A new species of the genus Archiboreoiulus Brolemann, 1921 (Diplopoda, Julida) from Movile Cave (Southern Dobrogea, Romania)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4802}, year = {2020}, month = {24/06/2020}, pages = {463-476}, abstract = {

Up to the present, the genus Archiboreoiulus included only two species: A. sollaudi from France and A. pallidus with a wide European distribution range. Here we describe a previously unknown species of the genus Archiboreoiulus, A. serbansarbui, collected from the mesothermal sulfurous Movile Cave, Mangalia, Romania, harboring a rich and diverse troglobitic community.

}, keywords = {Blaniulidae, millipede, new species}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4802.3.4}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4802.3.4}, author = {Giurginca, Andrei and V{\u a}noaica, Liviu and {\v S}ustr, Vladimir and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {290, title = {Subterranean biodiversity and depth distribution of myriapods in forested scree slopes of Central Europe}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {117-137}, abstract = {

The shallow underground of rock debris is a unique animal refuge. Nevertheless, the research of this habitat lags far behind the study of caves and soil, due to technical and time-consuming demands. Data on Myriapoda in scree habitat from eleven localities in seven different geomorphological units of the Czech and Slovak Republics were processed. Based on previous studies, as well as knowledge of cave and soil fauna, it was hypothesised that the occurrence of a varied and peculiar fauna would show a pattern of depth distribution with variations due to local specificities. From 2005\–2016 (at least one year on each site), macrofauna was collected via sets of three long-term exposed subterranean traps consisting of 110 cm long perforated tube, with ten cups located in a gradient at 5\–95 cm below the soil surface. In total, 14 symphylans (not identified to species level), 271 centipedes (23 spp.) and 572 millipedes (32 spp.) were sampled. The overall depth distribution of centipedes and millipedes appeared to have relatively similar pattern, with both groups being found at all depth levels. Nevertheless, this pattern depends on locations. The depth distribution trend lines are mostly in the form of an asymmetric \‘U\’, with decreased abundance until the middle of the gradient, followed by increase in the deepest levels. Epigeic species were sporadically distributed along the whole depth gradient, but concentrated at the soil surface, while some subterranean species, such as the centipede Lithobius lucifugus and the millipedes Geoglomeris subterranea, Cibiniulus slovacus and Archiboreoiulus pallidus, were recorded in the deepest parts of the gradient. This characterises the debris community as a mixture of soil and subterranean species with an absence of species exclusively found in caves. The use of different fixation methods in traps had a significant and selective impact on samples; millipedes were either attracted by ethylene glycol or repelled by formaldehyde. Centipedes were also captured more frequently in ethylene glycol; however, the species composition varied in each of the fixatives. Depth distribution of myriapods was similar in both fixative solutions. Traps with these fixatives could be recommended for similar ecological studies.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Diplopoda, MSS, Myriapoda, subterranean traps}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.48914}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/48914/}, author = {Ha{\v l}kov{\'a}, Be{\'a}ta and Tuf, Ivan Hadri{\'a}n and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Mock, Andrej} } @article {16, title = {Interview: 70th birthday of Pavel Kocourek. Diplopodologist, painter and teacher}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2018}, pages = {7{\textendash}21}, publisher = {Hans S. Reip}, edition = {Schubartiana 7}, address = {Jena}, abstract = {

Pavel Kocourek is a Czech diplopodologist know mainly thanks to two monographs on millipedes of Czech Republic and Prague. To mark his anniversary, three his closest colleagues decided to prepare an interview with him, and to introduce him also from a probably unknown point of view.

}, keywords = {anniversary, biography, education, illustrations, millipedes, popularization}, url = {https://schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol7/Dolejs-2018-Interview_70th_birthday_of_Pavel_Kocourek.pdf}, author = {Dolej{\v s}, Petr and Mock, Andrej and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {13, title = {New species of millipedes occurring in the Czech Republic: species discovered in the period 2003{\textendash}2017}, journal = {Schubartiana}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, pages = {27-30}, chapter = {27}, abstract = {

Since the year 2003, six millipede species new for the Czech Republic were announced. All of them were discovered in small populations mostly in natural habitats. They can be divided into two groups. One is represented by rare, relict and stenoecic species (Hungarosoma bokori, Hylebainosoma tatranum and Melogona transsylvanica). The other group is represented by species exhibiting a closer relationship to subterranean habitats in the Czech Republic (Brachychaeteuma bradeae, Macrosternodesmus palicola and Geoglomeris subterranea); their presence in the Czech Republic was revealed by modified pitfall traps used for collecting of deep-living invertebrates and by combination of several methods used during the research in caves. All six species are listed in the Red List of Threatened Invertebrates in the Czech Republic.

}, keywords = {Chordeumatida, Diplopoda, distribution, faunistics, Glomerida, Polydesmida, threatened species}, issn = {1861-0366}, url = {https://schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol6/Kocourek-2017-New_species_Czech_Republic_2003-2017.pdf}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Dolej{\v s}, Petr} } @book {12, title = {Mnohono{\v z}ky {\v C}esk{\'e} republiky - P{\v r}{\'\i}ru{\v c}ka pro ur{\v c}ov{\'a}n{\'\i} na{\v s}ich druh{\r u}}, year = {2017}, pages = {256}, publisher = {Z{\'a}kladn{\'\i} organizace {\v C}esk{\'e}ho svazu ochr{\'a}nc{\r u} p{\v r}{\'\i}rody Vla{\v s}im}, organization = {Z{\'a}kladn{\'\i} organizace {\v C}esk{\'e}ho svazu ochr{\'a}nc{\r u} p{\v r}{\'\i}rody Vla{\v s}im}, address = {Vla{\v s}im}, abstract = {

Important information about the Czech millipedes, namely about their distribution, new records and diagnostic characters, are scattered among many individual scientific papers. Recently published articles are often available on the Internet, however, older papers must be searched in libraries. The last complex monograph about the Czech millipedes was published more than 60 years ago. Current knowledge of their distribution as well as increasing number of millipede species recorded in the Czech Republic call for a new monograph. This atlas contains colour images, diagnostic characters and notes on ecology and distribution of all 77 millipede species actually known from the Czech Republic. Determination key, including figures of main diagnostic characters, enable the readers to try to identify Czech millipede species. Characterization of each of the six millipede orders is accompanied by a plate composed of pictures made by the scanning electron microscope. Description of each species is accompanied by images of the animals, information about their typical biotopes and a distribution map (based on records from 1960\–2016). Distribution of individual species in the Czech Republic is supplemented by their occurrence in Europe based on information from the Fauna Europaea database. Despite dealing with recent animals, the book contains also a chapter about paleontological records of myriapods, namely those known from our territory, from the carboniferous black-coal basin in N\ý{\v r}any by Plze{\v n}. Historical overview presents important scientists who contributed to the knowledge of the millipedes in the Czech Republic. The presented atlas is a popularising book intended for a large public, nature enthusiasts, conservationist, students as well as children. It does not contain all scientific aspects of diplopodology. Instead, it combines basic facts from the most important areas of a millipede life. Thus, this book is the first such structured manual published in the Czech Republic.

}, keywords = {Czechia, Diplopoda, fauna}, isbn = {978-80-87964-09-5}, issn = {978-80-87964-09-5}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Dolej{\v s}, Petr} }