@book {1547, title = {Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.}, volume = {1 (2)}, year = {1767}, pages = {533-1327}, publisher = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, organization = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, edition = {12}, address = {Stockholm}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68927}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137240}, author = {Linnaeus, Carolus} } @article {1509, title = {Millipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {11/04/2014}, pages = {1-43}, abstract = {

A review is given of all the literature records of millipedes and centipedes that have been found in German greenhouses together with additional records for 29 such sites. Species lists are given for 46 greenhouses investigated throughout Germany. Thirty-five diplopod and 18 chilopod species were found to occur in greenhouses, of which 15 (3 Chilopoda, 12 Diplopoda) are restricted to this type of habitat. First records for Germany include Anadenobolus monilicornis (Porat, 1876), Epinannolene cf. trinidadensis Chamberlin, 1918, Epinannolene sp., Mesoiulus gridellii Strasser, 1934, Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891, Lamyctes coeculus (Br\ölemann, 1889) and Tygarrup javanicus (Attems, 1907). The millipedes Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) and Amphitomeus attemsi (Schubart, 1934) and the centipedes Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) are the species most frequently found in greenhouses.

}, keywords = {centipedes, first records, Germany, hothouse, millipedes, review}, issn = {1314-2828}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1066}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1066}, author = {Decker, Peter and Reip, Hans S. and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Karin} } @article {1500, title = {A meta food web for invertebrate species collected in a European grassland}, journal = {Ecology}, volume = {100}, year = {2019}, month = {05/03/2019}, pages = {e02679}, abstract = {

Patterns of feeding interactions between species are thought to influence the stability of communities and the flux of nutrients and energy through ecosystems. However, surprisingly few well-resolved food webs allow us to evaluate factors that influence the architecture of species interactions. We constructed a meta food web consisting of 714 invertebrate species collected over 9 years of suction and pitfall sampling campaigns in the Jena Experiment, a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment located in Jena, Germany. We summarize information on the 51,496 potential trophic links, which were established using information on diet specificity and species traits that typically constrain feeding interactions (trophic group, body size, and vertical stratification). The list of species identities, traits, and link-derivation rules will be useful not only for tests of plant diversity effects on food web structure within the Jena Experiment, but also for considering consistent construction of food webs from empirical data, and for comparisons of network structure across ecosystems. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper.

}, keywords = {food web, grassland, invertebrate, meta-matrix, species traits, trophic interactions}, issn = {0012-9658, 1939-9170}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2679}, url = {https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ecy.2679}, author = {Hines, Jes and Giling, Darren P. and Rzanny, Michael and Voigt, Winfried and Meyer, Sebastian T. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Eisenhauer, Nico and Ebeling, Anne} } @article {1499, title = {Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil-associated consumers from protists to vertebrates}, journal = {Biological Reviews}, volume = {97}, year = {2022}, month = {20/01/2022}, pages = {1057-1117}, abstract = {

Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. Soil ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on ecosystem functions and services. Simultaneous assessment of the functional roles of multiple taxa is possible using food-web reconstructions, but our knowledge of the feeding habits of many taxa is insufficient and often based on limited evidence. Over the last two decades, molecular, biochemical and isotopic tools have improved our understanding of the feeding habits of various soil organisms, yet this knowledge is still to be synthesised into a common functional framework. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the feeding habits of consumers in soil, including protists, micro-, meso- and macrofauna (invertebrates), and soil-associated vertebrates. We have integrated existing functional group classifications with findings gained with novel methods and compiled an overarching classification across taxa focusing on key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection and hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights various strands of evidence that many functional groups commonly used in soil ecology and food-web models are feeding on multiple types of food resources. In many cases, omnivory is observed down to the species level of taxonomic resolution, challenging realism of traditional soil food-web models based on distinct resource-based energy channels. Novel methods, such as stable isotope, fatty acid and DNA gut content analyses, have revealed previously hidden facets of trophic relationships of soil consumers, such as food assimilation, multichannel feeding across trophic levels, hidden trophic niche differentiation and the importance of alternative food/prey, as well as energy transfers across ecosystem compartments. Wider adoption of such tools and the development of open interoperable platforms that assemble morphological, ecological and trophic data as traits of soil taxa will enable the refinement and expansion of the multifunctional classification of consumers in soil. The compiled multifunctional classification of soil-associated consumers will serve as a reference for ecologists working with biodiversity changes and biodiversity?ecosystem functioning relationships, making soil food-web research more accessible and reproducible.

}, keywords = {fatty acids, feeding preferences, food resources, functional traits, gut content, omnivory, Soil fauna, soil food web, stable isotopes, trophic guilds}, issn = {1464-7931}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12832}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12832}, author = {Potapov, Anton M. and Beaulieu, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bluhm, Sarah L. and Degtyarev, Maxim I. and Devetter, Miloslav and Goncharov, Anton A. and Gongalsky, Konstantin B. and Klarner, Bernhard and Korobushkin, Daniil I. and Liebke, Dana F. and Maraun, Mark and Mc Donnell, Rory J. and Pollierer, Melanie M. and Schaefer, Ina and Shrubovych, Julia and Semenyuk, Irina I. and Sendra, Alberto and Tuma, Jiri and T{\r u}mov{\'a}, Michala and Vassilieva, Anna B. and Chen, Ting-Wen and Geisen, Stefan and Schmidt, Olaf and Tiunov, Alexei V. and Scheu, Stefan} } @article {1366, title = {Myriapod Trivia - Curiosities of British Natural History \& The Rabbit and the Centipede}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Myriapod \& Isopod Group}, volume = {32}, year = {2020}, month = {03/04/2020}, pages = {95-97}, type = {Miscellanea}, chapter = {95}, abstract = {

Over the years with an interest in the more formal study of myriapods, especially centipedes, I have also accumulated a few items of what we might call \"trivia\" - prints, pictures etc. The two items here come into that category and I know there are many more like them around and they are offered as light relief for Bulletin readers. I know little about The Penny Magazine but it clearly represents a cheap, presumably weekly, publication dedicated to that great Victorian aim of \"self improvement\". This issue comprises eight pages with items as varied as \"Essays on the lives of Remarkable Painters No.XXXI: Andrea del Sarto\", \"The English and Irish Ordnance Surveys\" and \"The Hareem of Ibrahim Pasha\". I have abridged the item on Centipedes and Millipedes from the original three pages. \"The Rabbit and the Centipede\" comes from a children\&$\#$39;s book of 1907. I am not sure that it sheds any particular new light on myriapod locomotory mechanisms.

}, issn = {2513-9444}, url = {https://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/bulletin/BullBMIG32(2020)95-97_Myriapod-Trivia.pdf}, author = {Barber, Anthony D.} } @book {1227, title = {Iles A{\c c}ores. Notice sur l{\textquoteright}histoire naturelle des A{\c c}ores suivi d{\textquoteright}une description des mollusques terrestres de cet archipel}, year = {1860}, pages = {214}, publisher = {J.-B. Bailli{\`e}re et Fils}, organization = {J.-B. Bailli{\`e}re et Fils}, address = {Paris}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Morelet, A. (1860):\ Iles A\çores. Notice sur l\&$\#$39;histoire naturelle des A\çores suivi d\&$\#$39;une description des mollusques terrestres de cet archipel. J. B. Bailli\ère et Fils, Paris. 214 pp. + 5 pls.\ https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44501

}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44501}, author = {Morelet, Arthur} } @article {1188, title = {Soil Health and Arthropods: From Complex System to Worthwhile Investigation}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, month = {16/01/2020}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {

The dramatic increase in soil degradation in the last few decades has led to the need to identify methods to define not only soil quality but also, in a holistic approach, soil health. In the past twenty years, indices based on living communities have been proposed alongside the already proven physical-chemical methods. Among them, some soil invertebrates have been included in monitoring programs as bioindicators of soil quality. Being an important portion of soil fauna, soil arthropods are involved in many soil processes such as organic matter decomposition and translocation, nutrient cycling, microflora activity regulation and bioturbation. Many studies have reported the use of soil arthropods to define soil quality; among taxa, some have been explored more in depth, typically Acari and Collembola, while generally less abundant groups, such as Palpigradi or Embioptera, have not been investigated much. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the use of different soil microarthropod taxa in soil degradation/quality studies to highlight which groups are the most reported for soil monitoring and which are the most sensitive to soil degradation. We have decided not to include the two most present and abundant taxa, Acari and Collembola, in this paper in consideration of the vast amount of existing literature and focus the discussion on the other microarthropod groups. We reported some studies for each taxon highlighting the use of the group as soil quality indicator. A brief section reporting some indices based on soil microarthropods is proposed at the end of this specific discussion. This paper can be considered as a reference point in the use of soil arthropods to estimate soil quality and health.

}, keywords = {bioindicators, macroarthropods, mesofauna, microarthropods, soil biodiversity, soil degradation, soil quality}, issn = {2075-4450}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010054}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/1/54}, author = {Menta, Cristina and Remelli, Sara} } @article {944, title = {Myriapodes chilopodes et diplopodes des souterrains de Paris et de sa proche banlieue}, journal = {Spelunca, 5e s{\'e}rie}, year = {2020}, month = {03/2020}, pages = {39-47}, abstract = {

Une campagne d\’\échantillonnage des invert\ébr\és a \ét\é men\ée dans les r\éseaux souterrains de la ville de Paris et de la banlieue proche. Le pr\ésent travail pr\ésente les r\ésultats obtenus concernant les myriapodes (chilopodes et diplopodes) issus de ces r\écoltes. Six esp\èces de chilopodes (Classe Chilopoda) et neuf esp\èces de diplopodes (Classe Diplopoda) ont pu \être identifi\ées. Parmi ces derni\ères, certaines esp\èces sont nouvelles pour les d\épartements des Yvelines, des Hauts-de-Seine et de la Seine-Saint-Denis. Ces r\ésultats contribuent \à l\&$\#$39;enrichissement des inventaires et atlas des myriapodes de France (project INAMYFRA).

}, issn = {0242-1771}, url = {https://publications.ffspeleo.fr/bulletin.php?id=25999}, author = {Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques and Ferrand, Marina} } @article {901, title = {Biological and chemical indicators of soil condition in Bulgarian agro-ecosystems}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

This report presents the results of the mapping and assessment of soil biodiversity and its functions in cropland dominated landscapes in Bulgaria. We summarize the motivation for the assessment, highlighting the importance of assessing biodiversity-mediated processes in the soil, to complement soil condition indicators based on physical and chemical properties of soils. Soil organisms are involved in several critical ecological processes that mediate various benefits associated to cropland productivity such as soil organic matter formation, organic matter decomposition and nutrient circulation, symbiotic functions with plants that promote nutrient and water uptake, and pest and disease control through natural enemies.

}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.11771.87842}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340095492_Biological_and_chemical_indicators_of_soil_condition_in_Bulgarian_agro-ecosystems_Editor}, author = {Rusch, Graciela and Blaalid, Rakel and Dahle, Sondre and Dedov, Ivailo and Elshishka, Milka and Foss{\o}y, Frode and Lazarova, Stela and Mladenov, Alexander and Peneva, Vlada and Radoslavov, Georgi and Stoyanov, Ivailo and Vagalinski, Boyan and Yordanov, Yavor} } @book {859, title = {State of knowledge of soil biodiversity - Status, challenges and potentialities}, year = {2020}, pages = {xxviii + 585}, publisher = {FAO}, organization = {FAO}, address = {Rome}, abstract = {

There is increasing attention to the importance of biodiversity for food security and nutrition, especially above-ground biodiversity such as plants and animals. However, less attention is being paid to the biodiversity beneath our feet, soil biodiversity, which drives many processes that produce food or purify soil and water. This report is the result of an inclusive process involving more than 300 scientists from around the world under the auspices of the FAO\’s Global Soil Partnership and its Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, and the European Commission. It presents concisely the state of knowledge on soil biodiversity, the threats to it, and the solutions that soil biodiversity can provide to problems in different fields. It also represents a valuable contribution to raising awareness of the importance of soil biodiversity and highlighting its role in finding solutions to today\&$\#$39;s global threats.

}, keywords = {awareness raising, biodiversity, ecosystem conservation, ecosystem services, reports, soil, soil organisms, Sustainable Development Goals}, isbn = {978-92-5-133582-6}, doi = {10.4060/cb1928en}, url = {http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb1928en}, author = {FAO and ITPS and GSBI and SCBD and EC} } @article {427, title = {Diversity and evolution of the P450 family in arthropods}, journal = {Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, volume = {127}, year = {2020}, month = {22/10/2020}, pages = {1-22}, abstract = {

The P450 family (CYP genes) of arthropods encodes diverse enzymes involved in the metabolism of foreign compounds and in essential endocrine or ecophysiological functions. The P450 sequences (CYPome) from 40 arthropod species were manually curated, including 31 complete CYPomes, and a maximum likelihood phylogeny of nearly 3000 sequences is presented. Arthropod CYPomes are assembled from members of six CYP clans of variable size, the CYP2, CYP3, CYP4 and mitochondrial clans, as well as the CYP20 and CYP16 clans that are not found in Neoptera. CYPome sizes vary from two dozen genes in some parasitic species to over 200 in species as diverse as collembolans or ticks. CYPomes are comprised of few CYP families with many genes and many CYP families with few genes, and this distribution is the result of dynamic birth and death processes. Lineage-specific expansions or blooms are found throughout the phylogeny and often result in genomic clusters that appear to form a reservoir of catalytic diversity maintained as heritable units. Among the many P450s with physiological functions, six CYP families are involved in ecdysteroid metabolism. However, five so-called Halloween genes are not universally represented and do not constitute the unique pathway of ecdysteroid biosynthesis. The diversity of arthropod CYPomes has only partially been uncovered to date and many P450s with physiological functions regulating the synthesis and degradation of endogenous signal molecules (including ecdysteroids) and semiochemicals (including pheromones and defense chemicals) remain to be discovered. Sequence diversity of arthropod P450s is extreme, and P450 sequences lacking the universally conserved Cys ligand to the heme have evolved several times. A better understanding of P450 evolution is needed to discern the relative contributions of stochastic processes and adaptive processes in shaping the size and diversity of CYPomes.

}, keywords = {Detoxification, Ecdysteroid metabolism, Gene clusters, Orthologous groups, P450 Evolution}, issn = {0965-1748}, doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103490}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096517482030179X}, author = {Dermauw, Wannes and Van Leeuwen, Thomas and Feyereisen, Ren{\'e}} } @article {419, title = {Four myriapod relatives {\textendash} but who are sisters? No end to debates on relationships among the four major myriapod subgroups}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {04/11/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among the myriapod subgroups Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda are still not robustly resolved. The first phylogenomic study covering all subgroups resolved phylogenetic relationships congruently to morphological evidence but is in conflict with most previously published phylogenetic trees based on diverse molecular data. Outgroup choice and long-branch attraction effects were stated as possible explanations for these incongruencies. In this study, we addressed these issues by extending the myriapod and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

Results: We generated new transcriptome data of 42 panarthropod species, including all four myriapod subgroups and additional outgroup taxa. Our taxon sampling was complemented by published transcriptome and genome data resulting in a supermatrix covering 59 species. We compiled two data sets, the first with a full coverage of genes per species (292 single-copy protein-coding genes), the second with a less stringent coverage (988 genes). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among myriapods using different data types, tree inference, and quartet computation approaches. Our results unambiguously support monophyletic Mandibulata and Myriapoda. Our analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups. However, we observe strong evidence for a clade Pauropoda+Symphyla, as well as for a clade Chilopoda+Diplopoda.

Conclusions: Our best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study. AU tests and quartet mapping reject the quartet topology congruent to trees inferred with morphological characters. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data set is sufficient to explain the weak signal for the quartet topology derived from morphological characters. Although outgroup choice affects results, our study could narrow possible trees to derivatives of a single quartet topology. For highly disputed relationships, we propose to apply a series of tests (AU and quartet mapping), since results of such tests allow to narrow down possible relationships and to rule out confounding signal.

}, keywords = {Arthropod phylogeny, conflict, Confounding signal, Internal rooting, Phylogenetics, phylogenomics, Quartet topology, RNA-Seq, Transcriptomes}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, url = {https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, author = {Szucsich, Nikolaus U. and Bartel, Daniela and Blanke, Alexander and B{\"o}hm, Alexander and Donath, Alexander and Fukui, Makiko and Grove, Simon and Liu, Shanlin and Macek, Oliver and Machida, Ryuichiro and Misof, Bernhard and Nakagaki, Yasutaka and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Sekiya, Kaoru and Tomizuka, Shigekazu and Von Reumont, Bj{\"o}rn M. and Waterhouse, Robert M. and Walzl, Manfred and Meng, Guanliang and Zhou, Xin and Pass, G{\"u}nther and Meusemann, Karen} }