02375nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245018100055210006900236260001500305300001200320490000800332520162800340653001701968653002801985653001902013100001902032700002502051700002702076856006602103 2019 eng d a0024-408200aThe out-of-India hypothesis: evidence from an ancient centipede genus, Rhysida (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from the Oriental Region, and systematics of Indian species0 aoutofIndia hypothesis evidence from an ancient centipede genus i c16/12/2019 a828-8610 v1893 a

The Oriental Region has been a focus of biogeographical research for more than two centuries. We examined systematics and biogeography of the centipede genus Rhysida in this region. A robust species hypothesis for the Indian subcontinental and Southeast Asian Rhysida clade uses molecular, morphological and distribution data. Twelve species are recognized in two monophyletic species complexes, eight belonging to the Rhysida immarginata and four to the Rhysida longipes species complex. They include Rhysida aspinosa, Rhysida crassispina, R. immarginata, R. longipes and seven new species, five of which are formally named in this paper: Rhysida ikhalama, Rhysida konda, Rhysida lewisi, Rhysida pazhuthara and Rhysida sada. The nine Rhysida species are documented taxonomically and their morphological variation is reviewed. An integrative systematic approach reveals that diversity of Rhysida in the Indian subcontinent has been underestimated. Both species complexes started to diversify in the Early to Late Cretaceous in the Indian subcontinent. The out-of-India hypothesis is supported in both clades, because Southeast Asian species are nested in Indian subcontinental clades. Historical biogeographical analyses suggest two independent post-collision dispersal events, one in the immarginata clade and another where R. longipes expanded its range into Southeast Asia.

10abiogeography10amolecular phylogenetics10aScolopendridae1 aJoshi, Jahnavi1 aKaranth, Praveen, K.1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D. uhttps://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/3/828/5679552