01175nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001200223300001200235490000800247520049100255653001700746653001500763653001400778653001400792653001300806100001800819700003100837700002600868856005100894 1997 eng d a0035-418X00aPauropus furcifer Silvestri (Pauropodidae, Pauropoda): towards an adaptation for life in caves0 aPauropus furcifer Silvestri Pauropodidae Pauropoda towards an ad c09/1997 a517-5220 v1043 a

A cave-dwelling population of Pauropus furcifer Silvestri (Pauropodidae, Pauropoda) has been found in the Zlotska Pecina Cave, near Bor, East Serbia, Yugoslavia. Some morphological traits of the specimens studied may demonstrate adaptations of this population for life underground. Additionally, some taxonomical and biogeographical features of this pauropod species have been discussed in view of the evolution of the underground karst relief in the Balkan Peninsula.

10abiogeography10aCave fauna10aEvolution10aPauropoda10aTaxonomy1 aScheller, Ulf1 aĆurčić, Božidar, P. M.1 aMakarov, Slobodan, E. uhttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/8000902336nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001500233300001600248490000700264520155700271653001701828653001401845653001301859653001601872653001601888653001501904100002201919700003001941700003001971700002102001856006002022 2021 eng d a1537-171900aPhylogenomic Analysis of Velvet Worms (Onychophora) Uncovers an Evolutionary Radiation in the Neotropics0 aPhylogenomic Analysis of Velvet Worms Onychophora Uncovers an Ev c24/08/2021 a5391 - 54040 v383 a

Onychophora (“velvet worms”) are charismatic soil invertebrates known for their status as a “living fossil,” their phylogenetic affiliation to arthropods, and their distinctive biogeographic patterns. However, several aspects of their internal phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved, limiting our understanding of the group’s evolutionary history, particularly with regard to changes in reproductive mode and dispersal ability. To address these gaps, we used RNA sequencing and phylogenomic analysis of transcriptomes to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships and infer divergence times within the phylum. We recovered a fully resolved and well-supported phylogeny for the circum-Antarctic family Peripatopsidae, which retains signals of Gondwanan vicariance and showcases the evolutionary lability of reproductive mode in the family. Within the Neotropical clade of Peripatidae, though, we found that amino acid-translated sequence data masked nearly all phylogenetic signal, resulting in highly unstable and poorly supported relationships. Analyses using nucleotide sequence data were able to resolve many more relationships, though we still saw discordant phylogenetic signal between genes, probably indicative of a rapid, mid-Cretaceous radiation in the group. Finally, we hypothesize that the unique reproductive mode of placentotrophic viviparity found in all Neotropical peripatids may have facilitated the multiple inferred instances of over-water dispersal and establishment on oceanic islands.

10abiogeography10adispersal10aGondwana10aOnychophora10asystematics10avicariance1 aBaker, Caitlin, M1 aBuckman-Young, Rebecca, S1 aCosta, Cristiano, Sampaio1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/38/12/5391/635704803060nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260001200284300000900296520210400305653001802409653001702427653001402444653002002458653001902478653001402497653003802511653001402549653001602563653003302579100002902612700004002641700003102681856007002712 2020 eng d a1021-029600aScolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae): nuevo registro para Oaxaca, México y distribución potencial0 aiScolopendra sumichrastii Saussure 1860 Chilopoda Scolopendromor c03/2020 a1-113 a

Resumen: El ciempiés escolopéndrido Scolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860 se registra por primera vez para Santiago Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, México. Esta especie se reportó previamente para los estados de Chiapas, Hidalgo, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Yucatán en México, así como en Belice, Guatemala y Panamá en Centroamérica. Además, la distribución potencial de S. sumichrasti se evaluó al utilizar los registros de localidades y nueve variables climáticas como predictoras ambientales. El modelo se generó con el programa R. La proyección geográfica (mapa de distribución potencial), puede ser de utilidad para enfocar esfuerzos efectivos de muestreo en áreas específicas de la región, como las vertientes pacífica y atlántica de México, el sur de la Florida en los Estados Unidos de América, islas caribeñas como Cuba, así como Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Ecuador.

Abstract: The scolopendrid centipede Scolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860 is recorded for the first time from Santiago Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico. This species was previously reported from the states of Chiapas, Hidalgo, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Yucatán in Mexico, and from Belize, Guatemala, and Panama in Central America. Also, the potential distribution of S. sumichrasti was evaluated used localities records and nine climate variables as environmental predictors. The modeling was done using the R software. The geographical projection (potential distribution map), will be useful to focus effective sampling efforts in specific areas of the region, such as the Pacific and Atlantic slopes of Mexico, south Florida in the United States of America, Caribbean islands such as Cuba, as well as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Ecuador.

10abiogeografía10abiogeography10aCentipede10aCentral America10aCentroamérica10aciempiés10amodelo de distribución potencial10aNeotropic10aNeotrópico10apotential distribution model1 aToscano, Luis, Francisco1 aFlores-Guerrero, Ubaldo, Sebastián1 aCupul-Magaña, Fabio, Gán uhttp://www.bio-nica.info/RevNicaEntomo/194-Scolopendra-Mexico.pdf02470nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245006700055210006700122260001500189300000900204490000600213520180200219653001502021653001702036653001602053653001302069100002302082700002202105700002002127700002002147856007302167 2021 eng d a2399-342100aPhylogenetic Systematics of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae0 aPhylogenetic Systematics of the Millipede Family Xystodesmidae c01/03/2021 a1-260 v53 a

The millipede family Xystodesmidae includes 486 species distributed primarily in temperate deciduous forests in North America and East Asia. Species diversity of the family is greatest in the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, with 188 species. Although the group includes notable taxa such as those that are bioluminescent and others that display Müllerian mimicry, producing up to 600 mg of cyanide, basic alpha-taxonomy of the group is woefully incomplete and more than 50 species remain undescribed in the Appalachian Mountains alone. In order to establish a robust phylogenetic foundation for addressing compelling evolutionary questions and describing species diversity, we assembled the largest species phylogeny (in terms of species sampling) to date in the Diplopoda. We sampled 49 genera (out of 57) and 247 of the species in the family Xystodesmidae, recollecting fresh material from historical type localities and discovering new species in unexplored regions. Here, we present a phylogeny of the family using six genes (four mitochondrial and two nuclear) and include pivotal taxa omitted from previous studies including Nannaria, Erdelyia, taxa from East Asia, and 10 new species. We show that 6 of the 11 tribes are monophyletic, and that the family is paraphyletic with respect to the Euryuridae and Eurymerodesmidae. Prior supraspecific classification is in part inconsistent with the phylogeny and convergent evolution has caused artificial genera to be proposed. Subspecific classification is likewise incongruent with phylogeny and subspecies are consistently not sister to conspecifics. The phylogeny is used as a basis to update the classification of the family, diagnose monophyletic groups, and to inform species hypotheses.

10aaposematic10abiogeography10aPolydesmida10aTaxonomy1 aMeans, Jackson, C.1 aHennen, Derek, A.1 aTanabe, Tsutomu1 aMarek, Paul, E. uhttps://academic.oup.com/isd/article/doi/10.1093/isd/ixab003/615402203366nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260001500268300000900283520232100292653002302613653001602636653001702652653001602669653001502685653002502700653002502725653001602750653001302766100001902779700003302798700002602831700002902857700002302886700002602909700002702935700002002962856005802982 2021 eng d a2045-775800aPast connections with the mainland structure patterns of insular species richness in a continental‐shelf archipelago (Aegean Sea, Greece)0 aPast connections with the mainland structure patterns of insular c29/03/2021 a1-183 a

Recent research in island biogeography has highlighted the important role of late Quaternary sea‐level fluctuations in shaping biogeographic patterns in insular systems but focused on oceanic systems. Through this study, we aim investigate how late Quaternary sea‐level fluctuations shaped species richness patterns in continental‐shelf island systems. Focusing on the Aegean archipelago, we first compiled maps of the area's geography using published data, under three sea‐level stands: (a) current; (b) median sea‐level over the last nine glacial–interglacial cycles (MSL); and (c) Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We gathered taxon–island occurrences for multiple chorotypes of angiosperms, butterflies, centipedes, and reptiles. We investigated the impact of present‐day and past geographic settings on chorological groups by analyzing island species–area relationships (ISARs) and using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) selection based on multiple metrics of goodness of fit. Our results confirm that the Aegean's geography has changed dramatically since the LGM, whereas the MSL only modestly differs from the present configuration. Apart for centipedes, paleogeographic changes affected both native and endemic species diversity through altering connections between land‐bridge islands and the mainland. On land‐bridge islands, we detected over‐representation of native species and under‐representation of endemics. Unlike oceanic islands, sea‐level‐driven increase of isolation and area contraction did not strongly shape patterns of species richness. Furthermore, the LGM configurations rather than the MSL configuration shaped patterns of endemic species richness. This suggests that even short episodes of increased connectivity with continental populations are sufficient to counteract the genetic differentiation of insular populations. On the other hand, the over‐representation of native nonendemic species on land‐bridge islands reflected MSL rather than LGM mainland connections. Our study shows that in terms of processes affecting species richness patterns, continental archipelagos differ fundamentally from oceanic systems because episodic connections with the mainland have profound effects on the biota of land‐bridge islands.

10aAegean archipelago10aangiosperms10abiogeography10abutterflies10acentipedes10aland‐bridge island10alast glacial maximum10aPleistocene10areptiles1 aHammoud, Cyril1 aKougioumoutzis, Konstantinos1 aRijsdijk, Kenneth, F.1 aSimaiakis, Stylianos, M.1 aNorder, Sietze, J.1 aFoufopoulos, Johannes1 aGeorgopoulou, Elisavet1 aLoon, Emiel, E. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.743801940nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210004800107260001500155300000900170490000600179520137100185653001701556653001401573653001401587653001601601653001301617100001801630856008601648 2008 eng d a1875-253500aA reclassification of the Pauropoda (Myriapoda)0 areclassification of the Pauropoda Myriapoda c01/01/2008 a1-380 v13 a

In the reclassification proposed below the Pauropoda is divided in two orders: Hexameroceata with one family and Tetramerocerata with eight families. Bagnall´s division in the suborders Ectomorpha and Endomorpha is removed. The Tetramerocerata is divided in three superfamilies: Pauropodoidea with four families (Pauropodidae, Polypauropodidae, Amphipauropodidae and Diplopauropodidae), Brachypauropodoidea with two families (Brachypauropodidae and Hansenauropodidae) and Eurypauropodoidea with two families (Eurypauropodidae and Sphaeropauropodidae). One new family is erected, Amphipauropodidae, and three new genera are erected, Ferepaurpus and Eburnipauropus in Pauropodidae and Borneopauropus in Brachypauropodidae. The following taxa have got new stat.: Decapauropus Remy, Desmopauropus Scheller, Perissopauropus Scheller, Propepauropus Scheller, Donzelotauropus Remy, Nesopauropus Scheller, Diplopauropodidae Scheller, Hansenauropodidae Remy, Antillauropus Remy, Virginopauropus Scheller, Sphaeropauropodidae Verhoeff. A list of incertae sedis, nomina dubia and nomina nuda has been prepared. For each genus the distribution and the number of known species is given. The Pauropoda has now two orders, 9 families, 40 genera and about 780 species.

10abiogeography10aMyriapoda10aPauropoda10asystematics10aTaxonomy1 aScheller, Ulf uhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187525408x31673002375nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245018100055210006900236260001500305300001200320490000800332520162800340653001701968653002801985653001902013100001902032700002502051700002702076856006602103 2019 eng d a0024-408200aThe out-of-India hypothesis: evidence from an ancient centipede genus, Rhysida (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from the Oriental Region, and systematics of Indian species0 aoutofIndia hypothesis evidence from an ancient centipede genus i c16/12/2019 a828-8610 v1893 a

The Oriental Region has been a focus of biogeographical research for more than two centuries. We examined systematics and biogeography of the centipede genus Rhysida in this region. A robust species hypothesis for the Indian subcontinental and Southeast Asian Rhysida clade uses molecular, morphological and distribution data. Twelve species are recognized in two monophyletic species complexes, eight belonging to the Rhysida immarginata and four to the Rhysida longipes species complex. They include Rhysida aspinosa, Rhysida crassispina, R. immarginata, R. longipes and seven new species, five of which are formally named in this paper: Rhysida ikhalama, Rhysida konda, Rhysida lewisi, Rhysida pazhuthara and Rhysida sada. The nine Rhysida species are documented taxonomically and their morphological variation is reviewed. An integrative systematic approach reveals that diversity of Rhysida in the Indian subcontinent has been underestimated. Both species complexes started to diversify in the Early to Late Cretaceous in the Indian subcontinent. The out-of-India hypothesis is supported in both clades, because Southeast Asian species are nested in Indian subcontinental clades. Historical biogeographical analyses suggest two independent post-collision dispersal events, one in the immarginata clade and another where R. longipes expanded its range into Southeast Asia.

10abiogeography10amolecular phylogenetics10aScolopendridae1 aJoshi, Jahnavi1 aKaranth, Praveen, K.1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D. uhttps://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/189/3/828/567955201978nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245017600055210006900231260001500300300001000315490000700325520122700332653001701559653001401576653001501590653001401605653001301619100002001632700002001652700002901672856004701701 2008 eng d a1445-522600aPachybolini – a tribe of giant Afrotropical millipedes: arguments for monophyly and the description of a new genus from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae)0 aPachybolini a tribe of giant Afrotropical millipedes arguments f c18/03/2008 a37-530 v223 a

Madabolus, gen. nov. is described to accommodate M. maximus, sp. nov. (type species) from several localities in western Madagascar. A phylogenetic analysis of 26 spirobolidan taxa, based on morphological characters, places Madabolus, gen. nov. with the Afrotropical genera Pelmatojulus de Saussure, 1860; Pachybolus Cook, 1897; Hadrobolus Cook, 1897 and Epibolus Cook, 1897. The tribe Pachybolini is proposed to include Madabolus, gen. nov. and the four abovementioned genera. Putative autapomorphies of Pachybolini are: a closed incisura lateralis; setae of gnathochilarial lamella lingualis apical; vulva kidney- or crescent-shaped, with valves meeting in a sinuous fissure and crest protruding. Within Pachybolini, Pelmatojulus (West Africa) stands out by virtue of an increased number of apical antennal sensory cones, with great probability an apomorphy. Madabolus, gen. nov. and east African genera of the tribe share another potential synapomorphy, namely, an increased number of setae on the gnathochilarial lamellae linguales. Other Malagasy genera of Pachybolidae do not seem to be related to Afrotropical genera.

10abiogeography10aMadabolus10amorphology10aphylogeny10aTaxonomy1 aWesener, Thomas1 aEnghoff, Henrik1 aWägele, Johann-Wolfgang uhttp://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS0700802224nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245020800055210006900263260001500332300001200347490000900359520131100368653001301679653001701692653001701709653001401726653001801740653000801758653002301766653001301789653001301802100001901815700002201834700002401856856006601880 2020 eng d a1175-532600aHeth pivari n. sp. (Nematoda: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) from the indigenous North American millipede Narceus gordanus (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae), with keys for worldwide Heth spp.0 aiHeth pivarii n sp Nematoda Ransomnematoidea Hethidae from the i c20/10/2020 a486-5140 v48613 a

Forty-four specimens of the millipede Narceus gordanus Chamberlin, 1943 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae) were collected from Alachua, Citrus, Hernando, and Marion counties in peninsular Florida. Morphometric data were recorded for each. Nematodes were dissected from the intestine of each individual and sorted into morphotaxa. Heth pivari n. sp. (Oxyuridomorpha: Ransomnematoidea: Hethidae) was found in 33 (75%) of dissected N. gordanus and examined with brightfield, differential interference contrast, phase contrast and scanning electron microscopies. LSU rDNA sequences of representative males and females of H. pivari n. sp. were analyzed and compared to sequences of nematodes in the infraorder Rhigonematomorpha. Heth mauriesi, an introduced species, also was sequenced. Females of H. pivari n. sp. differ from those of other Heth spp. in having smooth, button-like somatic and cervical papillae and shallow, shield-like cervical collars. Males have slit-like or narrowed, rather than circular, stomal openings. Heth pivari n. sp. is the first species of this genus found in an indigenous millipede north of Mexico. Keys based on female cervical ornamentation are provided to differentiate the 52 known Heth spp.

10a28S rDNA10abiogeography10acommensalism10aDiplopoda10aHeth mauriesi10akey10amolecular analysis10aNematoda10aTaxonomy1 aPhillips, Gary1 aMoulton, John, K.1 aBernard, Ernest, C. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4861.4.202424nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260001500230300000900245520153800254653001701792653002801809653002501837653001701862653001501879653001401894653001401908653001601922653001801938653001601956100003001972700002102002700002802023856009502051 2020 eng d a0024-408200aMorphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus (Onychophora: Peripatidae): a combined approach0 aMorphological and molecular phylogeny of Epiperipatus Onychophor c07/11/2020 a1-313 a

Onychophora, or velvet worms, are a key group for understanding ecdysozoan evolution. It comprises two families: Peripatopsidae, largely of Austral distribution, and Peripatidae, which is circumtropical. The interrelationships between the members of Peripatidae present many taxonomic issues exacerbated in the radiation of the Neotropical species or Neopatida. To understand the phylogeny of Neopatida, and to test the information of such morphological characters, we gathered novel molecular and morphological datasets focusing on Neotropical specimens. Our data were analysed using a combination of parsimony and maximum likelihood for the individual and combined molecular and morphological datasets. An analysis of morphology alone was inconclusive, supporting the notion that morphological characters used in peripatid taxonomy have little power to resolve phylogenetic relationships among higher taxa in Neopatida. However, the analyses of molecular or combined data show a split of the Neotropical species into two clades, which we use to reassign genera. Epiperipatus, as currently understood, is non-monophyletic, because it includes species of monotypic genera. To avoid paraphyly of Epiperipatus, the following new combinations are proposed: Epiperipatus bouvieri (Fuhrmann, 1913), Epiperipatus hitoyensis (Oliveira et al., 2012a), Epiperipatus solorzanoi (Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera, 2010) and Epiperipatus sucuriuensis (Oliveira et al., 2015).

10abiogeography10acaraïbes onychophorans10aconserved morphology10aEpiperipatus10amorphology10aNeopatida10aNew World10aPeripatidae10aSouth America10asystematics1 aCosta, Cristiano, Sampaio1 aGiribet, Gonzalo1 aPinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo uhttps://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa100/595994301754nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245018200055210006900237260001200306300001200318490000700330520097900337653001501316653001901331653001701350653001401367653001401381653001601395653001601411653001301427100002001440856005201460 1998 eng d a0065-675500aReview of the millipede subfamily Amplininae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Aphelidesmidae) with remarks on phylogeny and the description of some new South American genera and species0 aReview of the millipede subfamily Amplininae Diplopoda Polydesmi c12/1998 a129-1630 v153 a

A review of the millipede subfamily Amplininae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Aphelidesmidae) is presented. The genera Meridiurus, Tribrachiorus, Coleocacamus, Kallistopeltis, Sculptoteles and Pastazina are erected as new. Description of the new species Polylepiscus hirmerae n.sp., Meridiurus venitus n.sp., Tribrachiorus suarezi n.sp., T. huila n.sp., Coleocacamus depressus n.sp., C. labialveus n.sp., Thrinoxethus juani n.sp., T. junini n.sp., T. siolii n.sp. and Pastazina crassa n.sp. are given. Tribrachiorus polygonatus (GERVAIS, 1847), Kallistopeltis kalonota (ATTEMS, 1899), and Sculptoteles braueri (CARL, 1918) are redescribed. An analysis is attempted to elucidate the phylogenetic and, to some extent, biogeographical relationships of the genera as they are conceived of at the present.

10aAmplininae10aAphelidesmidae10abiogeography10aDiplopoda10aphylogeny10aPolydesmida10asystematics10aTaxonomy1 aVohland, Katrin uhttp://hdl.handle.net/21.11116/0000-0004-91E6-404944nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260001500265300001200280490000700292520419400299653001704493653001304510653001504523653001504538653002104553653001604574100002004590700002004610700002004630856005204650 2009 eng d a1313-298900aReview of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of 'fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)0 aReview of the Spirobolida on Madagascar with descriptions of twe c04/09/2009 a1 - 1280 v193 a

Twelve new genera and 37 new species of Spirobolida are described: Corallobolus cruentus gen. n., sp. n., Sanguinobolus maculosus gen. n., sp. n., Colossobolus semicyclus gen. n., sp. n., C. oblongopedus sp. n., C. giganteus sp. n., C. minor sp. n., C. litoralis sp. n., C. aculeatus sp. n., C. pseudoaculeatus sp. n., Zehntnerobolus gen. n., Flagellobolus pauliani gen. n., sp. n., Riotintobolus mandenensis gen. n., sp. n., R. minutus sp. n., R. aridus sp. n., R. anomalus sp. n., Pseudocentrobolus aureus gen. n., sp. n., P. vohibasiensis sp. n., Granitobolus endemicus gen. n., sp. n., G. andohahelensis sp. n., Caprobolus andringitra gen. n., sp. n., Alluviobolus laticlavius gen. n., sp. n., A. tsimelahy sp. n., A. antanosy sp. n., Ostinobolus rufus gen. n., sp. n., O. stellaris sp. n., O. montanus sp. n., O. subterraneus sp. n., and Hylekobolus brachiosauroides gen. n., sp. n., H. rufus sp. n., H. griseus sp. n., H. albicollaris sp. n., H. goodmani sp. n., H. montanus sp. n., H. analavelona sp. n., H. latifrons sp. n., H. andasibensis sp. n., H. marojejy sp. n., H. anjanaharibe sp. n. All genera and species are endemic to Madagascar. Hylekobolus belongs to the family Spirobolellidae, while all other Malagasy genera of Spirobolida belong to the Pachybolidae. Among them, only Zehntnerobolus gen. n. is based on a previously described species: Spirobolus rubripes de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897, whereas the remaining 11 new genera altogether contain (a total of) 37 new species. Three of the new genera are large-bodied “fire millipedes” (>100 mm long) with striking red/black colour patterns. The new discoveries increase the number of endemic Malagasy genera of Spirobolida more than fivefold (from 3 to 15). The number of endemic species recorded from Madagascar has more than doubled (to 61). Body length of the new species varies greatly (between 23 and 170 mm). Keys to all Malagasy Spirobolida families, genera, as well as the newly described species, are provided. Four species, Rhinocricus collaris de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897, Spirobolus grandidieri de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897, Spirobolus olympiaceus Karsch, 1881, and Spirobolus sikorae de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897 are only known from females and are listed as nomina dubia. Some genera occur in the dry or spiny forest as well as in the rainforest ecosystem; species, however, are restricted to a single habitat type. In the rainforest, up to six different genera were collected in the same individual forest. Numerous genera are adapted to a special ecological niche. A high proportion of species are microendemic, often to some tiny, highly endangered forests. Of special conservation concern are the species which occur only in Analavelona, Ambatotsirongorongo, the subhumid, globally unique littoral forest of Petriky and the littoral rainforests of Mandena and Sainte Luce.

10abiogeography10aendemism10aMadagascar10amillipedes10aniche separation10aSpirobolida1 aWesener, Thomas1 aEnghoff, Henrik1 aSierwald, Petra uhttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=203702264nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260001500215300001200230490000700242520154600249653001701795653002601812653001701838653002401855653001601879653002401895653000801919100002701927700002101954856004701975 2004 eng d a1445-522600aMolecular phylogeny of Australasian anopsobiine centipedes (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha)0 aMolecular phylogeny of Australasian anopsobiine centipedes Chilo c18/06/2004 a235-2490 v183 a

Species assigned to the anopsobiine centipede genera Anopsobius Silvestri, 1899, and Dichelobius Attems, 1911, are widely distributed on fragments of the Gondwanan supercontinent, including temperate and tropical Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Cape region of South Africa, and southern South America. Phylogenetic relationships between Australasian and other Gondwanan Anopsobiinae are inferred based on parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses (via direct optimisation) of sequence data for five markers: nuclear ribosomal 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA, mitochondrial ribosomal 12S rRNA and 16S RNA, and the mitochondrial protein-coding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. New molecular data are added for Anopsobius from South Africa and New Zealand, Dichelobius from New Caledonia, and a new species from Queensland, Australia, Dichelobius etnaensis, sp. nov. The new species is based on distinctive morphological and molecular data. The molecular phylogenies indicate that antennal segmentation in the Anopsobiinae is a more reliable taxonomic character than is spiracle distribution. The former character divides the Gondwanan clade into a 17-segmented group (Dichelobius) and a 15-segmented group (Anopsobius). Confinement of the spiracles to segments 3, 10 and 12 has at least two origins in the Gondwanan clade. The area cladogram for Dichelobius (Queensland (Western Australia + New Caledonia)) suggests a relictual distribution pruned by extinction.

10aAnopsobiinae10aantennal segmentation10abiogeography10adirect optimisation10aHenicopidae10amolecular phylogeny10aPOY1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttp://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS0303302416nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260001500265300000900280490000700289520169400296653001701990653001902007653001302026653002402039653001402063653001402077100002702091700002102118856004702139 2008 eng d a1445-522600aA New Zealand species of the trans-Tasman centipede order Craterostigmomorpha (Arthropoda: Chilopoda) corroborated by molecular evidence0 aNew Zealand species of the transTasman centipede order Craterost c18/03/2008 a1-150 v223 a

Craterostigmus tasmanianus Pocock, 1902, is the sole species in the centipede order Craterostigmomorpha and the focus of much phylogenetic research in Chilopoda. Originally named from Tasmania, Craterostigmus from New Zealand was first considered conspecific with Tasmanian samples based on external morphology, though recent anatomical studies have argued for a deep divergence between New Zealand and Tasmanian Craterostigmus, and a high-ranking taxonomic separation has been advocated. Unambiguous diagnostic nucleotide characters in nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S rRNA genes as well as in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, together with the significantly smaller size of New Zealand individuals, the arrangement of supernumerary Malpighian tubules, and patterns in leg spinosity, permit distinction of a New Zealand species, Craterostigmus crabilli, sp. nov. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of four markers (the aforementioned markers plus cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) suggests differentiation of C. tasmanianus from the New Zealand specimens. Combination of the nuclear ribosomal genes and mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI sequences retrieves a geographic pattern within C. crabilli, sp. nov. in which geographic proximity is decoupled from closest affinities, although the 16S rRNA dataset alone shows more geographic structure. The genetic pattern observed, where among species diversity (for both mitochondrial markers) is equivalent to, or greater than, the within species diversity, is not consistent with a recent long-distance dispersal event, and a relictual Gondwanan distribution is the most plausible alternative.

10abiogeography10aCraterostigmus10aGondwana10amolecular diagnosis10aTasmantia10aZealandia1 aEdgecombe, Gregory, D.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttp://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS0703603322nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001500204490000700219520258200226653001402808653001602822653001702838653002802855653001202883653001202895653002202907653002802929100002102957700002502978856007703003 2020 eng d a2730-718200aTowards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial arthropods0 aTowards a synthesis of the Caribbean biogeography of terrestrial c24/01/20200 v203 a

Background: The immense geologic and ecological complexity of the Caribbean has created a natural laboratory for interpreting when and how organisms disperse through time and space. However, competing hypotheses compounded with this complexity have resulted in a lack of unifying principles of biogeography for the region. Though new data concerning the timing of geologic events and dispersal events are emerging, powerful new analytical tools now allow for explicit hypothesis testing. Arthropods, with varying dispersal ability and high levels of endemism in the Caribbean, are an important, albeit understudied, biogeographic model system. Herein, we include a comprehensive analysis of every publicly available genetic dataset (at the time of writing) of terrestrial Caribbean arthropod groups using a statistically robust pipeline to explicitly test the current extent of biogeographic hypotheses for the region.

Results: Our findings indicate several important biogeographic generalizations for the region: the South American continent is the predominant origin of Caribbean arthropod fauna; GAARlandia played a role for some taxa in aiding dispersal from South America to the Greater Antilles; founder event dispersal explains the majority of dispersal events by terrestrial arthropods, and distance between landmasses is important for dispersal; most dispersal events occurred via island hopping; there is evidence of ‘reverse’ dispersal from islands to the mainland; dispersal across the present-day Isthmus of Panama generally occurred prior to 3 mya; the Greater Antilles harbor more lineage diversity than the Lesser Antilles, and the larger Greater Antilles typically have greater lineage diversity than the smaller islands; basal Caribbean taxa are primarily distributed in the Greater Antilles, the basal-most being from Cuba, and derived taxa are mostly distributed in the Lesser Antilles; Jamaican taxa are usually endemic and monophyletic.

Conclusions: Given the diversity and deep history of terrestrial arthropods, incongruence of biogeographic patterns is expected, but focusing on both similarities and differences among divergent taxa with disparate life histories emphasizes the importance of particular qualities responsible for resulting diversification patterns. Furthermore, this study provides an analytical toolkit that can be used to guide researchers interested in answering questions pertaining to Caribbean biogeography using explicit hypothesis testing.

10aArachnids10aBioGeoBEARS10abiogeography10aCentral American seaway10ainsects10aIslands10aIsthmus of Panama10aProbabilistic inference1 aCrews, Sarah, C.1 aEsposito, Lauren, A. uhttps://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-019-1576-z01435nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245023000055210006900285260001600354300000800370490000900378520062700387653001701014653001501031653001301046100002301059856017101082 2018 eng d a1175-532600aThe centipede family Anopsobiidae new to North America, with the description of a new genus and species and notes on the Henicopidae of North America and the Anopsobiidae of the Northern Hemisphere (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha)0 acentipede family Anopsobiidae new to North America with the desc cNov-05-2019 a2590 v44223 a

Speleopsobius weaveri, n. gen., n. sp., is described from lava tubes in southern Idaho, USA. The new taxon, and species of the genera Buethobius Chamberlin, 1911 and its probable synonym Yobius Chamberlin, 1945, are members of the family Anopsobiidae, not previously reported from North America. All known species of Henicopidae and Anopsobiidae from North America north of México are listed and briefly noted, along with all known anopsobiids from the northern hemisphere. Anopsobiella dawidoffi Attems, 1938 (Vietnam) is likely not a member of the family Anopsobiidae.

10abiogeography10acentipedes10aTaxonomy1 aShear, William, A. uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4422.2https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4422.2.6https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/38898/3322702605nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260001200263300001200275490000700287520162400294653001801918653001701936653001401953653001101967653001401978653001801992653001702010653001402027653001602041653001702057653001802074653002302092653001502115653001302130100003302143700002002176856008302196 2017 eng d a1134-609400aPrimer registro de Newportia stolli (Pocock, 1896) (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae) para Cuba y Las Antillas.0 aPrimer registro de iNewportia stollii Pocock 1896 Chilopoda Scol c06/2017 a179-1840 v603 a

Se reporta el ciempiés Newportia stolli (Pocock, 1896) por primera vez para Cuba y Las Antillas. El género Newportia Gervais, 1847, antes solo registrado de localidades del oriente y centro de Cuba, se reporta para el occidente de la isla. Se examinaron 34 lotes, con 40 ejemplares, pertenecientes a cuatro colecciones, así como datos de campo de los autores. Se elaboró una redescripción en idioma español para facilitar la identificación de investigadores futuros. Newportia stolli, antes considerada como especie exclusivamente epigea, se reporta como endogea. Se eleva a ocho el número de especies de Newportia conocidas de Cuba. Newportia stolli se encuentra en áreas urbanas y naturales, y no se considera amenazada.

The centipede Newportia stolli (Pocock, 1896) is reported to occur in Cuba and the Antilles for the first time. The genus Newportia Gervais, 1847, known from localities in eastern and central Cuba, is recorded from the western part of the island. Thirty-four lots and 40 specimens from 4 collections were examined, along with unpublished field data from the authors. A redescription in Spanish is provided to facilitate the identification of the species by future researchers. Newportia stolli, formerly considered an exclusively epigean species, is recorded as endogean. The number of Newportia species listed for Cuba is now eight. Newportia stolli is found both in urban and natural areas, and is considered not threatened.

10abiogeografía10abiogeography10aCaribbean10aCaribe10aChilopoda10aconservación10aconservation10adispersal10adispersión10amorfoespecie10amorphospecies10aScolopocryptopidae10aTaxonomía10aTaxonomy1 aMartínez-Muñoz, Carlos, A.1 aTcherva, Tamara uhttp://www.sea-socios.com/Usuarios/PDF/Boletin60/179184BSEA60NewportiaCuba.pdf