03112nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260001500241490000700256520231800263653001402581653002202595653001002617100003102627700003602658700003302694700003102727700002702758700003502785856006202820 2020 eng d a1678-919900aMitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induced in mice by Scolopendra polymorpha venom0 aMitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induce c29/05/20200 v263 a

Background: Scolopendra polymorpha (S. polymorpha) is a predatory centipede whose venom contains a multiplicity of biochemical effectors that can cause muscle damage and cumulative cell destruction in its prey. Despite previous investigations of S. polymorpha and other centipede venoms, there is a lack of information on the morphological and biochemical patterns elicited by their myotoxic effects. To elucidate these processes, this paper presents evidence of skeletal muscle damage, and alterations in key biochemical mediators that appear only after exposure to centipede venom.
Methods: Venom was collected and fractionated using RP-HPLC; mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was exposed to whole venom and venom fractions to evaluate myotoxicity by means of creatine kinase (CK) – a muscle damage marker – activity measurements and histochemical analysis.
Results: CK activity was higher in EDL muscle exposed to venom than in unexposed muscle. This increase was observed after 15 min of venom incubation, and remained stable up to 45 min. Venom-exposed EDL muscle showed signs of muscle damage including necrosis, loss of fascicular structure as well as mitochondrial accumulations and ragged red fibers (RRF), suggesting an impairment in the normal mitochondrial arrangement. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and cytochrome oxidase (COX) tests also indicate that respiratory complexes might be affected.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a different biochemical composition of S. polymorpha venom, based on the different effects of four venom fractions on the cells tested, according to statistical evidence. Fractions F6 and F7 caused the most important alterations.

Recommended citation: Tabullo De Robles J., Fernández Valverde F., Valladares Cisneros L., Hernández Villeda J., Sánchez-Reyes A., Gutiérrez M. C. (2020): Mitochondrial activity disruption and local muscle damage induced in mice by Scolopendra polymorpha venom. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 26 (e20190079): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2019-0079

10aCentipede10aMyotoxic activity10aVenom1 aDe Robles, Judith, Tabullo1 aValverde, Francisca, Fernández1 aCisneros, Lucero, Valladares1 aVilleda, Juana, Hernández1 aSánchez-Reyes, Ayixon1 aGutiérrez, María, del Carmen uhttps://www.scielo.br/j/jvatitd/a/txHpPPwNfNpBStTctQFcPzj02031nas a2200229 4500008004100000022002500041245011300066210006900179260001500248300001200263490000700275520130900282653002601591653002301617653001501640653002701655653001001682653001001692100003101702700002101733856004701754 2020 eng d a2211-3525, 2211-353300aAntimicrobial Activity of SPC13, New Antimicrobial Peptide Purified from Scolopendra polymorpha Venom0 aAntimicrobial Activity of SPC13 New Antimicrobial Peptide Purifi c11/09/2020 a233-2380 v183 a

Introduction: Currently animal venoms are considered a potential source of numerous bioactive peptides of biochemical and pharmacological interest, such as peptides with antithrombotic, anticoagulant and antimicrobial activity.

Methods: Such is the case of the venom from the genus Scolopendromorpha, where numerous PAMs ranging from 2.5 to 4.4 kDa have been purified, they are broad spectrum isolates only of S. subspinipes mutilans.

Results: In this study, an antimicrobial peptide (SPC13) of 13 kDa, present in the venom of Scolopendra polymorpha was purified by electroelution and presented antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with MIC of 45 and 192.5 μg/ml respectively, as well as bacteriostatic activity against E. coli at a concentration of 155μg/ml.

Conclusion: Additionally, this peptide has a 20.5% hemolytic activity. A partial sequence of SPC13 showed 98% identity with the histone H3 reported in S. viridis (GenkBank: DQ222181.1).

Recommended citation: Rodríguez-Alejandro C.I. and Gutiérrez M.C. Antimicrobial Activity of SPC13, New Antimicrobial Peptide Purified from Scolopendra polymorpha Venom. Anti-Infective Agents, 18 (3): 233-238. https://doi.org/10.2174/2211352517666190531110829

10aAntimicrobial peptide10ahemolytic activity10aresistance10aScolopendra polymorpha10aSPC1310aVenom1 aRodríguez-Alejandro, C.I.1 aGutiérrez, M.C. uhttps://www.eurekaselect.com/article/9868002521nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260001500244300001200259490000700271520171600278653001301994653001402007653002102021653000802042653001002050100001902060700001502079700001802094700001802112700001402130700001502144700001702159856006702176 2020 eng d a1323-893000aIsolation and characterization of the major centipede allergen Sco m 5 from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans0 aIsolation and characterization of the major centipede allergen S c14/07/2020 a121-1280 v703 a

Background: Allergic reactions have been observed following both direct centipede bites and the clinical use of centipede-containing medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicines utilizing Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans; however, no natural centipede allergen has yet been characterized.

Methods: An allergen was purified from S. s. mutilans venom using Superdex 75 gel filtration and RESOURCE S ion chromatography, and its primary structure was determined via a combination of LC-MS-MS, MALDI-TOF/TOF and protein sequencing techniques. Its potential allergenicity was evaluated by immunoblotting, ELISAs, skin prick tests (SPTs) and mast cell activation assays.

Results: A novel allergen Sco m 5 (210 amino acids long) was successfully purified from crude S. s. mutilans venom. Sco m 5 could promote the degranulation of a human mast cell line, HMC-1. Among centipede-allergic patients, Sco m 5 showed an 83.3% IgE-binding frequency and a 66.7% positive reaction frequency, as detected by immunoblotting and SPTs, respectively. Sco m 5 IgE-binding frequencies of common Chinese population was found to be 9%–16%. Sera positive for Sco m 5 IgE-binding was cross-reactive against venom from the wasp Vespa mandarinia.

Conclusions: The present study isolated and characterized a novel allergen termed as Sco m 5 from the centipede S. s. mutilans. The use of Sco m 5 to identify centipede-allergic individuals could be important, given the high potential allergenicity of Sco m 5 among the general Chinese population, along with the likely possibility of cross-reactivity against wasp venom among centipede-allergic patients.

10aAllergen10aCentipede10aCross-reactivity10aIgE10aVenom1 aLan, Xin-Qiang1 aZhao, Feng1 aWang, Qi-Quan1 aLi, Jiang-Hua1 aZeng, Lin1 aZhang, Yun1 aLee, Wen-Hui uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1323893020300927