01997nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260001500213300001000228490000700238520143800245100002901683700001701712700002301729700002001752856005501772 2021 eng d00aPenetrative and non-penetrative interaction between Laboulbeniales fungi and their arthropod hosts0 aPenetrative and nonpenetrative interaction between Laboulbeniale c12/11/2021 a1–70 v113 a

Laboulbeniales are a highly specialized group of fungi living only on arthropods. They have high host specificity and spend their entire life-cycle on an arthropod host. Taxonomic characters of Laboulbeniales are based on the architecture of the cells of the parenchymal thallus, i.e. the visible part of the fungus outside the host. The extent of the fungus spreading inside the host—the haustorium—remains largely unknown. The attachment to the arthropod host is fundamental to understand the fungus-animal interaction, but how this truly occurs is unclear. Recent evidences question the strictly parasitic life-style of Laboulbeniales. We used micro-computed tomography (µCT) and 3D reconstructions to visualize, for the first time, the complete structure of Laboulbeniales species in situ on their hosts. We compared the haustoriate species, Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae on an insect host to the non-haustoriate species, Rickia gigas on a millipede host. Our results confirm that some Laboulbeniales species are ectoparasitic and have a haustorial structure that penetrates the host’s cuticle, while others are ectobionts and are only firmly attached to the host’s cuticle without penetrating it. The presence and the morphology of the haustorium are important traits for Laboulbeniales evolution, and key factors for future understanding of host dependence and specificity.

1 aReboleira, Ana, Sofia PS1 aMoritz, Leif1 aSantamarĂ­a, Sergi1 aEnghoff, Henrik uhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01729-x01066nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245015500055210006900210260001500279300001200294490000900306520040200315653001800717653001600735653001300751100002200764700002000786856006600806 2021 eng d a1175-532600aA new giant species of the millipede genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909 from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)0 anew giant species of the millipede genus iPrionopetalumi Attems  c31/03/2021 a561-5700 v49503 a

A new large species of the millipede genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, P. nessiae sp. nov. from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, is described, with SEM imaging and illustrations of relevant taxonomic characters, and mapped. Comments on the significance of sternum 9 in descriptions of Odontopygidae, and on the intrageneric differences in Prionopetalum, are included.

10anew character10anew species10aTaxonomy1 aRosenmejer, Trine1 aEnghoff, Henrik uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4950.3.8