@article {2029, title = {First records of penicillate millipedes (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) from Thailand, with descriptions of two new species}, journal = {ZooTaxa}, volume = {4}, year = {2023}, month = {20 / 11 / 2023}, pages = {514 - 536}, type = {Taxonomy / Genetic of two new penicillate millipedes from Thailand}, chapter = {514}, abstract = {

Two new species are described from the family Polyxenidae. Monographis panhai sp. nov. and Unixenus thailandicus
sp. nov. represent the first records of their respective genera in Thailand. Monographis panhai sp. nov. shows distinct
morphological differences in the arrangement of sensilla in the antennomere VI, as well as in the structures of the labrum
and the claw. Collections from different areas of Thailand showed that not only is it widespread but also exhibits geographic
variation in morphology. Unixenus thailandicus sp. nov. exhibits sexual dimorphism in the number of conical sensilla on
the lateral palp, with 24 in males and 22 in females, differing from the typical count of 13 within the genus.

}, keywords = {Monographis, Penicillata, phylogeny, Polyxenidae, Unixenus}, author = {Cuong Huynh}, editor = {Anneke Veenstra} } @article {2016, title = {Classification actuelle des Diplopodes P{\'e}nicillates (Myriapodes) avec nouvelles d{\'e}finitions des taxa}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} zoologique de France}, volume = {133}, year = {2008}, pages = {291-302}, abstract = {

Une vue d\’ensemble in\édite des P\énicillates est publi\ée ici. Elle compl\ète la description des super-familles et familles de Silvestri (1948a) et propose la subdivision de la famille des Polyxenidae en 4 sous-familles : Polyxeninae, Monographinae, Macroxeninae et Hypogexeninae ; les 3 premi\ères caract\éris\ées par la structure du telson, la quatri\ème, ayant pour type Hypogexenus pusillus Silvestri, 1903, de statut incertain.

Present classification of Diplopoda Penicillata (Myriapoda), with new definitions of taxa

An overview of the classification of Penicillata is presented, based on an unpublished manuscript written by B. Cond\é some years before his death, updated to take into account recent work on the group. It revises the descriptions of Silvestri\’s (1948a) superfamilies and families, and proposes a subdivision of the family Polyxenidae into four sub-families: Polyxeninae Lucas, 1840, Monographinae Cond\é nov., Macroxeninae Cond\é nov. and Hypogexeninae Schubart, 1947. The first three subfamilies are characterised by the structure of the telson, while the fourth is of uncertain status. The creation of a family-rank taxon for the succinctly described species H. pusillus Schubart in 1947 appears unwarranted and we therefore reduce Hypogexenidae to the rank of a subfamily, Hypogexeninae, within the Polyxenidae.

Recommended citation: Cond\é, B., Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M. (2008): Classification actuelle des Diplopodes P\énicillates (Myriapodes) avec nouvelles d\éfinitions des taxa. Bulletin de la Soci\ét\é zoologique de France, 133 (4): 291-302.

}, author = {Cond{\'e}, Bruno and Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, Monique} } @article {1499, title = {Feeding habits and multifunctional classification of soil-associated consumers from protists to vertebrates}, journal = {Biological Reviews}, volume = {97}, year = {2022}, month = {20/01/2022}, pages = {1057-1117}, abstract = {

Soil organisms drive major ecosystem functions by mineralising carbon and releasing nutrients during decomposition processes, which supports plant growth, aboveground biodiversity and, ultimately, human nutrition. Soil ecologists often operate with functional groups to infer the effects of individual taxa on ecosystem functions and services. Simultaneous assessment of the functional roles of multiple taxa is possible using food-web reconstructions, but our knowledge of the feeding habits of many taxa is insufficient and often based on limited evidence. Over the last two decades, molecular, biochemical and isotopic tools have improved our understanding of the feeding habits of various soil organisms, yet this knowledge is still to be synthesised into a common functional framework. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the feeding habits of consumers in soil, including protists, micro-, meso- and macrofauna (invertebrates), and soil-associated vertebrates. We have integrated existing functional group classifications with findings gained with novel methods and compiled an overarching classification across taxa focusing on key universal traits such as food resource preferences, body masses, microhabitat specialisation, protection and hunting mechanisms. Our summary highlights various strands of evidence that many functional groups commonly used in soil ecology and food-web models are feeding on multiple types of food resources. In many cases, omnivory is observed down to the species level of taxonomic resolution, challenging realism of traditional soil food-web models based on distinct resource-based energy channels. Novel methods, such as stable isotope, fatty acid and DNA gut content analyses, have revealed previously hidden facets of trophic relationships of soil consumers, such as food assimilation, multichannel feeding across trophic levels, hidden trophic niche differentiation and the importance of alternative food/prey, as well as energy transfers across ecosystem compartments. Wider adoption of such tools and the development of open interoperable platforms that assemble morphological, ecological and trophic data as traits of soil taxa will enable the refinement and expansion of the multifunctional classification of consumers in soil. The compiled multifunctional classification of soil-associated consumers will serve as a reference for ecologists working with biodiversity changes and biodiversity?ecosystem functioning relationships, making soil food-web research more accessible and reproducible.

}, keywords = {fatty acids, feeding preferences, food resources, functional traits, gut content, omnivory, Soil fauna, soil food web, stable isotopes, trophic guilds}, issn = {1464-7931}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12832}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12832}, author = {Potapov, Anton M. and Beaulieu, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bluhm, Sarah L. and Degtyarev, Maxim I. and Devetter, Miloslav and Goncharov, Anton A. and Gongalsky, Konstantin B. and Klarner, Bernhard and Korobushkin, Daniil I. and Liebke, Dana F. and Maraun, Mark and Mc Donnell, Rory J. and Pollierer, Melanie M. and Schaefer, Ina and Shrubovych, Julia and Semenyuk, Irina I. and Sendra, Alberto and Tuma, Jiri and T{\r u}mov{\'a}, Michala and Vassilieva, Anna B. and Chen, Ting-Wen and Geisen, Stefan and Schmidt, Olaf and Tiunov, Alexei V. and Scheu, Stefan} } @article {1391, title = {Supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography, 2020}, journal = {Palaeoentomology}, volume = {4}, year = {2021}, month = {26/02/2021}, pages = {57{\textendash}76}, abstract = {

This is a supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography covering taxa described or recorded during 2020, plus a few earlier records that were missed previously. Up to the end of 2020, 1,859 species were recorded from Kachin amber of which 362 were named in 2020, which is the highest number of species named from any kind of amber in one year. Two species were also named from older Hkamti amber.

}, keywords = {Arachnids, Burmese amber, Cretaceous, fungi, insects, invertebrates, Myanmar, plants, protists, vertebrates}, issn = {2624-2826}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.1.11}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/pe/article/view/palaeoentomology.4.1.11}, author = {Ross, Andrew J.} } @mastersthesis {1383, title = {Penicillate Fauna of Australia and the South East Asian Region: Taxonomy, Biology and Distribution}, volume = {Doctor of Philosophy}, year = {2020}, month = {10/06/2020}, pages = {279}, school = {Deakin University}, type = {Publication}, address = {Melbourne}, abstract = {

This thesis is by publication, with research topics based on studies of the biology, intraspecific and interspecific relationships between penicillate millipedes within the families Polyxenidae, Lophoproctidae and Synxenidae in Order Polyxenida (Class Diplopoda, Subclass Penicillata), using traditional taxonomy and morphometry as well as phylogenetic studies.

}, author = {Huynh, Cuong} } @article {1366, title = {Myriapod Trivia - Curiosities of British Natural History \& The Rabbit and the Centipede}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Myriapod \& Isopod Group}, volume = {32}, year = {2020}, month = {03/04/2020}, pages = {95-97}, type = {Miscellanea}, chapter = {95}, abstract = {

Over the years with an interest in the more formal study of myriapods, especially centipedes, I have also accumulated a few items of what we might call \"trivia\" - prints, pictures etc. The two items here come into that category and I know there are many more like them around and they are offered as light relief for Bulletin readers. I know little about The Penny Magazine but it clearly represents a cheap, presumably weekly, publication dedicated to that great Victorian aim of \"self improvement\". This issue comprises eight pages with items as varied as \"Essays on the lives of Remarkable Painters No.XXXI: Andrea del Sarto\", \"The English and Irish Ordnance Surveys\" and \"The Hareem of Ibrahim Pasha\". I have abridged the item on Centipedes and Millipedes from the original three pages. \"The Rabbit and the Centipede\" comes from a children\&$\#$39;s book of 1907. I am not sure that it sheds any particular new light on myriapod locomotory mechanisms.

}, issn = {2513-9444}, url = {https://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/bulletin/BullBMIG32(2020)95-97_Myriapod-Trivia.pdf}, author = {Barber, Anthony D.} } @article {1321, title = {Arthropods on oak branches in SW Finland, collected by a new trap type}, journal = {Entomologica Fennica}, volume = {8}, year = {1997}, month = {03/11/1997}, pages = {177-183}, abstract = {

Arthropods moving on large horizontal branches of old oaks (Quercus robur L.) in seven oak woodlands, SW Finland, were studied using a new trap type. The most abundant groups included Formicidae (Hym.), Oribatida (Acari), Thysanoptera, Nematocera (Dipt.), Collembola, Auchenorrhyncha (Hom.), Coleoptera, Araneae, Psocoptera and Hemiptera. The last three groups showed the least intersite variation in numbers of individuals. About 120 abundant, rare and other interesting species of Diplopoda (4 species mentioned), Chilopoda (2), Araneae (19), Opiliones (4), Pseudoscorpionida (1), Oribatida (9), Psocoptera (9), Blattodea (1), Neuroptera (1), Homoptera (10), Heteroptera (13), Coleoptera (25), Lepidoptera (14) and Formicidae (6) are listed, and the new trap is described.

}, issn = {2489-4966}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.83940}, url = {https://journal.fi/entomolfennica/article/view/83940}, author = {Koponen, Seppo and Rinne, Veikko and Clayhills, Tom} } @article {1222, title = {Cat{\'a}logo de los artr{\'o}podos terrestres no insectos}, journal = {Revista Nicarag{\"u}ense de Entomolog{\'\i}a}, year = {1989}, month = {03/1989}, pages = {1-55}, issn = {1021-0296}, url = {http://www.bio-nica.info/RevNicaEntomo/7-full.pdf}, author = {Maes, Jean-Michel and Palacios-Vargas, Jos{\'e} G. and Jim{\'e}nez, Mar{\'\i}a Luisa} } @article {1144, title = {A new species of Unixenus Jones, 1944 (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) found in far north Queensland, Australia}, journal = {Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Nature}, volume = {63}, year = {2021}, month = {05/05/2021}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

Unixenus Jones, 1944 (Polyxenidae) is the dominant genus of penicillate millipedes found throughout mainland Australia. Herein, a new species, Unixenus mossmanus sp. nov., is described from coastal forest near Mossman. The new species is similar to U. karajinensis, sharing the same sensilla pattern on antennal article VI and the same arrangement of leg setae. Unixenus mossmanus sp. nov. differs by having only 3 ornamental trichomes c per side (v. 5-9), 2 pairs coxal glands in the male (v. 6 pairs), and a slender claw (v. robust). These characteristics differ from those of U. karajinensis, which has 5\–9 ornamental trichomes c; 6 pairs coxal glands in male; and a robust claw structure. 18S sequence of Unixenus mossmanus sp. nov. is included.

}, keywords = {Australia, Diplopoda, Polyxenidae, Queensland, Unixenus}, issn = {0079-8835, 2204-1478}, doi = {https://doi.org//10.17082/j.2204-1478.63.2021.2020-08}, url = {https://www.qm.qld.gov.au/About+Us/Publications/Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum/MQM+Vol+63/Huynh-Veenstra}, author = {Huynh, Cuong and Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {876, title = {A new species of Macroxenus Br{\"o}lemann, 1917 from Peru (Diplopoda: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae)}, journal = {Arthropoda Selecta}, volume = {29}, year = {2020}, month = {15/12/2020}, pages = {408-412}, abstract = {

Abstract: A new millipede species in the genus Macroxenus is described from the Sandoval Lake Reserve, Amazon Basin, Peru. Macroxenus peruensis sp.n. is the first species of polyxenid to be described from Peru, and only the second species in the genus to be reported from South America.

РЕЗЮМЕ: Описан новый вид диплопод рода Macroxenus из заповедника озеро Сандовал в бассейне Амазонки (Перу). Macroxenus peruensis sp.n. \— первый вид семейства Polyxenidae, описанный из Перу, а также лишь второй в этом роде, отмеченный в Южной Америке.

}, keywords = {bristly millipede, South America, Taxonomy, кистехвост, таксономия, Южная Америка}, issn = {0136-006X}, doi = {10.15298/arthsel.29.4.02}, url = {https://kmkjournals.com/journals/AS/AS_Index_Volumes/AS_29/AS_29_4_408_412}, author = {Short, Megan} } @article {862, title = {A new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Rodrigues Island, the Republic of Mauritius: morphological and molecular evidence}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria}, volume = {132}, year = {2020}, month = {14/12/2020}, pages = {65-77}, abstract = {

A new penicillate millipede Lophoturus porchi sp. n. (Lophoproctidae) is described from Caverne de la Vierge, Fran\çois Leguat Giant Tortoise and Cave Reserve, Rodrigues Island, Mauritius. A comparison of the body length, number of sensilla on the gnathochilarial palp, number of linguiform processes and structure of the labral surface as well as genetics based on the 18S and COI genes indicate that this is a new Lophoturus species.

}, keywords = {Lophoturus, Mauritius, Penicillate millipede, phylogeny, Rodrigues Island}, issn = {0035-9211}, doi = {10.1071/RS20005}, url = {http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=RS20005}, author = {Huynh, Cuong and Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {838, title = {Two new species of the bristle millipede genus Pauropsxenus (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber}, journal = {Cretaceous Research}, volume = {111}, year = {2020}, month = {20/02/2020}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {

Two new species of the bristle millipede family Polyxenidae, Pauropsxenus ordinatus sp. nov. and Pauropsxenus extraneus sp. nov., are described from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. They can be confidently placed in the extant genus Pauropsxenus (Polyxenidae) based on a set of critical characters. In additions, the morphological similarity of hooked caudal trichomes shared by the new species and extant counterparts may suggest a similar defensive function. Our discovery indicates that a prey-predator relationship between polyxenids and other soil animals has already been established in the Cretaceous period.

}, keywords = {Cretaceous, Defensive behaviour, Palaeodiversity, Polyxenidae}, issn = {0195-6671}, doi = {10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104427}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667119302897}, author = {Su, Yitong and Cai, Chenyang and Huang, Diying} } @article {589, title = {Ground-dwelling invertebrate diversity in domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient: Landscape characteristics are more important than garden characteristics}, journal = {PloS ONE}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, month = {02/10/2020}, pages = {1-25}, abstract = {

Urbanisation is increasing worldwide and is regarded a major driver of environmental change altering local species assemblages. Private domestic gardens contribute a significant share of total green area in cities, but their biodiversity has received relatively little attention. Previous studies mainly considered plants, flying invertebrates such as bees and butterflies, and birds. By using a multi-taxa approach focused on less mobile, ground-dwelling invertebrates, we examined the influence of local garden characteristics and landscape characteristics on species richness and abundance of gastropods, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, ground beetles and rove beetles. We assume that most of the species of these groups are able to complete their entire life cycle within a single garden. We conducted field surveys in thirty-five domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in Basel, Switzerland. Considered together, the gardens examined harboured an impressive species richness, with a mean share of species of the corresponding groups known for Switzerland of 13.9\%, ranging from 4.7\% in ground beetles to 23.3\% in woodlice. The overall high biodiversity is a result of complementary contributions of gardens harbouring distinct species assemblages. Indeed, at the garden level, species richness of different taxonomical groups were typically not inter-correlated. The exception was ant species richness, which was correlated with those of gastropods and spiders. Generalised linear models revealed that distance to the city centre is an important driver of species richness, abundance and composition of several groups, resulting in an altered species composition in gardens in the centre of the city. Local garden characteristics were important drivers of gastropod and ant species richness, and the abundance of spiders, millipedes and rove beetles. Our study shows that domestic gardens make a valuable contribution to regional biodiversity. Thus, domestic urban gardens constitute an important part of green infrastructure, which should be considered by urban planners.

}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240061}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240061}, author = {Braschler, Brigitte and Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Zwahlen, Valerie and Rusterholz, Hans-Peter and Buchholz, Sascha and Baur, Bruno} } @article {548, title = {The Diplopoda of the Lund University and California Academy of Sciences expeditions}, journal = {Lunds universitets {\r a}rsskrift, n. f., avd. 2}, volume = {53}, year = {1957}, month = {07/10/1957}, pages = {1{\textendash}44}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Chamberlin, R. V. (1957): Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948-49. 30. The Diplopoda of the Lund University and California Academy of Science Expeditions. Lunds universitets \årsskrift, n. f., avd. 2, 53 (8): 1-44.

Remarks: The articles in the Lunds universitets \årsskrift, n. f., bear two parallel numbering systems, one for the volumes of the \årsskrift and one for the volumes of the \“Kungl. Fysiografiska s\ällskapets handlingar, ny f\öljd\”. This article can be cited as above or as \“Kungl. Fysiografiska s\ällskapets handlingar, n. f., 68 (8): 1-44\”.

}, author = {Chamberlin, Ralph V.} } @article {543, title = {A revised comprehensive checklist, relational database, and taxonomic system of reference for the bristly millipedes of the world (Diplopoda, Polyxenida)}, journal = {African Invertebrates}, volume = {44}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {08/2003}, pages = {89-101}, author = {Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M and Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques} } @article {539, title = {Introducci{\'o}n al estudio de los miri{\'o}podos i cat{\'a}logo de las especies chilenas}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n del Museo de Historia Natural, Santiago de Chile}, volume = {4}, year = {1912}, pages = {16{\textendash}68}, author = {Carlos Porter} } @article {531, title = {Tavola sinottica dei generi dei Diplopoda Penicillata}, journal = {Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria "Filippo Silvestri"}, volume = {8}, year = {1948}, pages = {214{\textendash}220}, author = {Filippo Silvestri} } @article {530, title = {Note Diplopodologiche}, journal = {Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universit{\`a} di Torino}, volume = {18}, number = {433}, year = {1903}, pages = {1{\textendash}21}, author = {Filippo Silvestri} } @article {517, title = {First record of the genus Polyxenus Latreille (Diplopoda: Penicillata: Polyxenida) in the supralittoral zone of Cocholg{\"u}e, Biob{\'\i}o Region, Chile}, journal = {Revista Chilena de Entomolog{\'\i}a}, volume = {45}, number = {3}, year = {2019}, month = {may}, pages = {399{\textendash}402}, author = {Vega-Rom{\'a}n, Emmanuel A. and Ruiz, Victor and Arancibia-{\'A}vila, Patricia} } @article {438, title = {Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {1131-1140}, abstract = {

An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5\%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Cretaceous, Diplopoda, fossil, Myanmar, Symphyla}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.1131}, url = {https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/30320/}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Moritz, Leif} } @article {419, title = {Four myriapod relatives {\textendash} but who are sisters? No end to debates on relationships among the four major myriapod subgroups}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {04/11/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among the myriapod subgroups Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda are still not robustly resolved. The first phylogenomic study covering all subgroups resolved phylogenetic relationships congruently to morphological evidence but is in conflict with most previously published phylogenetic trees based on diverse molecular data. Outgroup choice and long-branch attraction effects were stated as possible explanations for these incongruencies. In this study, we addressed these issues by extending the myriapod and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

Results: We generated new transcriptome data of 42 panarthropod species, including all four myriapod subgroups and additional outgroup taxa. Our taxon sampling was complemented by published transcriptome and genome data resulting in a supermatrix covering 59 species. We compiled two data sets, the first with a full coverage of genes per species (292 single-copy protein-coding genes), the second with a less stringent coverage (988 genes). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among myriapods using different data types, tree inference, and quartet computation approaches. Our results unambiguously support monophyletic Mandibulata and Myriapoda. Our analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups. However, we observe strong evidence for a clade Pauropoda+Symphyla, as well as for a clade Chilopoda+Diplopoda.

Conclusions: Our best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study. AU tests and quartet mapping reject the quartet topology congruent to trees inferred with morphological characters. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data set is sufficient to explain the weak signal for the quartet topology derived from morphological characters. Although outgroup choice affects results, our study could narrow possible trees to derivatives of a single quartet topology. For highly disputed relationships, we propose to apply a series of tests (AU and quartet mapping), since results of such tests allow to narrow down possible relationships and to rule out confounding signal.

}, keywords = {Arthropod phylogeny, conflict, Confounding signal, Internal rooting, Phylogenetics, phylogenomics, Quartet topology, RNA-Seq, Transcriptomes}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, url = {https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, author = {Szucsich, Nikolaus U. and Bartel, Daniela and Blanke, Alexander and B{\"o}hm, Alexander and Donath, Alexander and Fukui, Makiko and Grove, Simon and Liu, Shanlin and Macek, Oliver and Machida, Ryuichiro and Misof, Bernhard and Nakagaki, Yasutaka and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Sekiya, Kaoru and Tomizuka, Shigekazu and Von Reumont, Bj{\"o}rn M. and Waterhouse, Robert M. and Walzl, Manfred and Meng, Guanliang and Zhou, Xin and Pass, G{\"u}nther and Meusemann, Karen} } @article {395, title = {New species of Polyxenida in Israel (Diplopoda, Penicillata)}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica}, volume = {51}, year = {2020}, month = {07/08/2020}, pages = {35-45}, abstract = {

The identification of 5 species from a recent collection of 23 specimens from two areas in Israel is given. Two new species of Polyxenida are recorded, including the first species in the family Synxenidae (Phryssonotus sp.) and the first species from the family Polyxenidae, subfamily Macroxeninae (Chilexenus sp.), from Israel. These species are identified only to genus due to the lack of undamaged adult material. Two species in the family Lophoproctidae are also identified, one previously recorded but not described, is now described as Lophoproctus israelensis sp. nov., and Lophoproctinus chichinii Cond\é, 1951 is recorded from Israel for the first time. The fifth species is identified as possibly a new species in the genus Polyxenus and likely to be synonymous with the specimens identified as Polyxenus lagurus Linnaeus, 1758 in a previous study. This is just the second collection from Israel to be identified and brings the total number of Polyxenida species found in Israel to 8. All 3 families of Polyxenida are represented in this list, together with all 3 subfamilies of the most numerous family, Polyxenidae.

}, keywords = {biodiversity, Bristly millipedes, Mediterranean, millipedes}, issn = {0237-5419}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.35}, url = {http://opuscula.elte.hu/PDF/Tomus51_S2/Op_\%20Short_Israel.pdf}, author = {Short, Megan} } @article {394, title = {A new species of penicillate millipede from genus Mauritixenus (Diplopoda, Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica}, volume = {51}, year = {2020}, month = {07/08/2020}, pages = {23-34}, abstract = {

Genus Mauritixenus Verhoeff, 1939 comprises a group of penicillate millipedes found only in Mascarene Islands, Madagascar and West Africa. The characteristics of this genus are 13 pairs of legs, 8 ommatidia, labrum with apical granular structure and tarsus 2 with a spine. There are seven described species in this genus. Penicillate millipedes were collected from Vietnam, Ninh Thuan Province, which proved to be a previously undescribed species in the genus Mauritixenus. Their distinguishing characteristics include the number of sensilla on gnathochilarium and the anterior lateral process in the claw, as well as the genetic makeup, concluded this is a new species in this genus.

}, keywords = {Genomic DNA, Mascarene Islands, Mauritixenus, penicillate millipedes.}, issn = {0237-5419}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.23}, url = {http://opuscula.elte.hu/PDF/Tomus51_S2/Op_\%20Huynh_Veenstra_Mauritixenus.pdf}, author = {Huynh, Cuong and Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {365, title = {Millipeds from Dominican Amber, with the Description of Two New Species (Diplopoda: Siphonophoridae) of Siphonophora}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {85}, year = {1992}, month = {01/07/1992}, pages = {363 - 369}, abstract = {

Representatives of 11 genera (Lophoproctus?, Glomeridesmus, Epinannolene, Siphonophora, Siphonotus, Docodesmus, lomus, Lophodesmus?, Psochodesmus, Dasyodontus, and Inodesmus?) are reported from Dominican amber, most of them constituting the first or oldest fossils of their corresponding higher taxa. Extant species of lomus and Inodesmus have not been reported from Hispaniola; a chelodesmid seems more closely related to South American genera than to present-day Caribbean diplopods. Siphonophora hoffmani spec. nov. and S. velezi spec. nov. are described from adults embedded in Dominican amber.

}, keywords = {Diplopoda, Hispaniola, Siphonophora spp., systematics}, issn = {0013-8746}, doi = {10.1093/aesa/85.4.363}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/85.4.363}, author = {Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. and Poinar, George O.} } @article {357, title = {The millipede family Polyxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) in the faunas of the~Crimean Peninsula and Caucasus, with notes on other European Polyxenidae}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4772}, year = {2020}, month = {08/05/2020}, pages = {306-332}, abstract = {

The Polyxenidae in the fauna of the Crimeo-Caucasian region is represented by four species: Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, 1758) (= P. lagurus caucasicus Lignau, 1924, syn. n.), Propolyxenus argentifer (Verhoeff, 1921) comb. n. (= P. trivittatus Verhoeff, 1941, = P. sokolowi Lignau, 1924, both syn. n.), a new species, Polyxenus lankaranensis sp. n., and an undescribed Polyxenus sp. The distributions of all these species in the region concerned are mapped, based on old and new records. A molecular phylogeny based on COI sequences is used to study the relationship within and among the genera Polyxenus and Propolyxenus from Western Europe to the southern Caucasus. The results highlight the presence of a number of undescribed species of Polyxenus across this region.

}, keywords = {bristly millipede, Crimea, fauna, Iran fauna, Taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4772.2.4}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4772.2.4}, author = {Short, Megan and Vahtera, Varpu and Wesener, Thomas and Sergei Ilyich Golovatch} } @article {330, title = {Reproduction, egg morphology and development observed in two Australian penicillate millipedes, Lophoturus queenslandicus (Lophoproctidae) and Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Synxenidae) (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Australian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {64}, year = {2016}, month = {16 August 2016}, type = {Reproduction in Lophoproctidae and Synxenidae}, chapter = {138 - 150}, abstract = {

Lophoproctid and synxenid millipede species observed in this study showed clear differences in their
sexual reproduction, including sperm web structure, egg morphology and development compared with species from
Polyxenidae. Male Lophoturus queenslandicus (Lophoproctidae) produce a single spermatophore on a sperm web
without signal threads due to their lack of silk-producing coxal glands. Females of this species lay fewer eggs and differ
in their egg cluster arrangement, which includes nest trichomes for protection. Lophoproctid chorion has a thin
protective membrane and the pupoid has fused papillae covering the entire anterior region and an aperture bordered
by protective papillate sensilla is present at the apex of the pupoid. Lophoproctid millipedes have a comparatively short
intermoult period between stadia. In contrast, male Phryssonotus novaehollandiae (Synxenidae) produce two
spermatophores separated by a large gap on their sperm web, with signal threads that are less obvious. Synxenid chorion
and pupoid stages were unique; the chorion was tough and thick and the pupoid had anterior projections without an
aperture bordered by sensilla, unlike those observed in lophoproctid and polyxenid millipedes. This study extends
knowledge of the reproduction of species from three major millipede families from the Suborder Polyxenida
(Penicillata: Diplopoda). Additionally, the results indicate that the reproductive strategies of Australian lophoproctid
and synxenid species are adapted to their harsh environment.

}, keywords = {Arthropoda, morphology, reproductive biology.}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO16035}, url = {https://www.publish.csiro.au/zo/zo16035}, author = {Huynh, Cuong}, editor = {Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {328, title = {Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam.}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3964 (4)}, year = {2015}, month = {8 May 2015}, type = {Description}, chapter = {460 - 477}, abstract = {

A new species of penicillate millipede, from genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae), was collected from Trang
Bom and Dinh Quan, within the Dong Nai province, southern Vietnam. Taxonomic characteristics of the genus Monographis
Attems, 1907, were used to formally describe this new species. Sensilla of the 6th antennal article and claw structures
of Monographis dongnaiensis were compared with those of M. tamoyoensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus.
Genomic DNA of M. dongnaiensis was compared with the DNA of other species within the genus Monographis. Monographis
dongnaiensis is confirmed as the ninth member of the genus Monographis and named Monographis dongnaiensis
after the collection site Dong Nai province in Vietnam.

}, author = {Huynh, Cuong}, editor = {Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {327, title = {Description of a new species of Penicillate Millipede from the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) found in Vietnam.}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3964 (4)}, year = {2015}, month = {8 May 2015}, type = {Description}, chapter = {460 - 477}, abstract = {

A new species of penicillate millipede, from genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae), was collected from Trang
Bom and Dinh Quan, within the Dong Nai province, southern Vietnam. Taxonomic characteristics of the genus Monographis
Attems, 1907, were used to formally describe this new species. Sensilla of the 6th antennal article and claw structures
of Monographis dongnaiensis were compared with those of M. tamoyoensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus.
Genomic DNA of M. dongnaiensis was compared with the DNA of other species within the genus Monographis. Monographis
dongnaiensis is confirmed as the ninth member of the genus Monographis and named Monographis dongnaiensis
after the collection site Dong Nai province in Vietnam.

}, author = {Huynh, Cuong}, editor = {Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {324, title = {Taxonomy and biology of a new species of Pincushion Millipede of the genus Monographis (Diplopoda: Polyxenidae) from Australia}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3721 (6)}, year = {2013}, month = {23 09 2013}, pages = {573-588}, chapter = {573 -588}, abstract = {

Monographis queenslandicus n. sp. is described from Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The genus Monographis may be
divided into two groups based on the arrangement of sensilla on the 6th antennal article. Species with a crescent-shape arrangement
are M. kraepelini, M. annandalei, M. baihualingensis, M. demangei and M. mirus; species with a triangular
arrangement are M. tamoyensis, M. yunnanensis and M. queenslandicus n. sp.

}, keywords = {lifecycle, Microantatomy, morphology}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.6.4}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3721.6.4}, author = {Huynh, Cuong}, editor = {Veenstra, A.} } @article {276, title = {Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of~southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4759}, year = {2020}, month = {01/04/2020}, pages = {1-30}, abstract = {

We describe three new penicillate millipede species from Con Dao Archipelago in southeastern Vietnam: Alloproctoides consonensis n. sp. (Lophoproctidae), Monographis condorensis n. sp. (Polyxenidae), and Unixenis moniqueae n. sp. (Polyxenidae). Comparative morphological and genetic studies based on 18S and COI genes indicate that all three species differ from previously described species.

}, keywords = {Alloproctoides, Con Dao Islands, Monographis, Myriapoda, Penicillata, phylogeny, Unixenus}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.1}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4759.1.1}, author = {Huynh, Cuong and Veenstra, Anneke A.} } @article {215, title = {Upgrading of Three Subspecies of Eudigraphis takakuwai to the Species Rank (Diplopoda: Penicillata: Polyxenida: Polyxenidae)}, journal = {Species Diversity}, volume = {25}, year = {2020}, month = {2020}, pages = {89-102}, abstract = {

Three forms of Japanese Eudigraphis (Penicillata, Polyxenidae), which have long been treated as subspecies of Eudigraphis takakuwai (Miyosi, 1947), i.e., E. t. takakuwai (Miyosi, 1947), E. t. nigricans (Miyosi, 1947), and E. t. kinutensis (Haga, 1950), are raised here to three distinct species. Overlap of their distributional ranges over wide areas of Japan was confirmed, and molecular phylogeny using both nuclear (ITS2) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA testified monophyly of each of the three forms. Additionally, the three forms can be easily distinguished from one another by body size, coloration, and habitat, though species identification for the specimens preserved in ethanol is often difficult due to their morphological similarity other than coloration and size. Description of some so-far neglected morphological characters were provided with some SEM photos to supplement knowledge on taxonomy and morphology of the family.

}, keywords = {Eudigraphis, molecular phylogeny, Penicillata, Revision, taxonomic status}, issn = {1342-1670}, doi = {10.12782/specdiv.25.89}, url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/specdiv/25/1/25_250109/_article/-char/en}, author = {Shigenori Karasawa and Keisuke Kawano and Shin-ichi Fukaya and Nobuo Tsurusaki} } @article {187, title = {Contributions to our Knowledge of the Arthropod Fauna of the West Indies. Part III. Diplopoda and Malacopoda, with a Supplement on the Arachnida of the Class Pedipalpi}, journal = {Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology)}, volume = {24}, year = {1894}, month = {10/07/1894}, pages = {473-519, pl. 37-40}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31652901}, author = {Pocock, Reginald Innes} } @article {186, title = {Missions Mus{\'e}um Antilles - Diplopodes P{\'e}nicillates}, journal = {Revue d{\textquoteright}Ecologie et de biologie du sol}, volume = {16}, year = {1979}, pages = {137-149}, abstract = {

Ce travail comprend deux parties distinctes: une nouvelle description du \«Polyxenuslongisetis de Pocock d\&$\#$39;une part, et l\&$\#$39;\étude du mat\ériel r\écolt\é par J. M. Thibaud, d\&$\#$39;autre part.

}, author = {Cond{\'e}, Bruno and Terver, D.} }