@book {1837, title = {Atlas of European Millipedes (Class Diplopoda). Volume 1. Orders Polyxenida, Glomerida, Platydesmida, Siphonocryptida, Polyzoniida, Callipodida, Polydesmida}, series = {Fauna Europeaea Evertebrata}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {282}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, organization = {Pensoft Publishers}, address = {Sofia}, abstract = {

This is the first in a series of three books which will, for the first time ever, show the distribution of Europe\’s more than 1500 species of millipedes on 50 X 50 km square maps. The present volume includes 492 species, including the tiny, beautiful pincushion millipedes, the colourful pill-millipedes and the flat-backed millipedes. The millipede atlas is the result of many years\’ meticulous accumulation of records provided by a large number of contributors from all over Europe, interpretation of label data from collections, and scrutiny of old literature. The atlas builds on the taxonomic backbone provided by the Fauna Europaea project which provides information on names, synonyms and distribution by country or region of non-marine European animals.

The decision to produce a series of atlases showing the distribution of myriapods in Europe was taken by the participants at the Fourth International Congress of Myriapodology held in Gargnano in 1978 and soon after this the project received the full backing of the European Invertebrate Survey. Desmond Kime was designated to assemble the data. Much help has been received from the International Centre of Myriapodology in Paris which is acknowledged in this volume, together with the contributions of many members engaged in research in this field. Early in the 21st Century when Henrik Enghoff was playing a major role in Fauna Europaea the two authors joined forces with a view to making this millipede atlas and Fauna Europaea entirely compatible. It is hoped that this atlas will both stimulate and be a foundation for further studies. In several European countries the distribution and often the ecological requirements of millipedes are quite well understood but in many regions the information is fragmentary, the maps revealing where much remains to be done. There are undoubtedly many more species to discover. As a result of the work already undertaken it has become apparent that millipedes are very good bioindicators, being slow-moving and having particular habitat requirements which are helpful in biogeographical and evolutionary studies.

Recommended citation: Kime, R. D. \& H. Enghoff (2011): Atlas of European Millipedes (Class Diplopoda). Volume 1. Orders Polyxenida, Glomerida, Platydesmida, Siphonocryptida, Polyzoniida, Callipodida, Polydesmida. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, 282 pp. ISBN-13: 9789546425782. ISBN-10: 9546425788. https://books.pensoft.net/books/12358

Publication date: 06/2011

}, issn = {9789546425782, 9546425788}, url = {https://books.pensoft.net/books/12358}, author = {Kime, Richard Desmond and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {1509, title = {Millipedes and centipedes in German greenhouses (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {11/04/2014}, pages = {1-43}, abstract = {

A review is given of all the literature records of millipedes and centipedes that have been found in German greenhouses together with additional records for 29 such sites. Species lists are given for 46 greenhouses investigated throughout Germany. Thirty-five diplopod and 18 chilopod species were found to occur in greenhouses, of which 15 (3 Chilopoda, 12 Diplopoda) are restricted to this type of habitat. First records for Germany include Anadenobolus monilicornis (Porat, 1876), Epinannolene cf. trinidadensis Chamberlin, 1918, Epinannolene sp., Mesoiulus gridellii Strasser, 1934, Leptogoniulus sorornus (Butler, 1876), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), Cryptops doriae Pocock, 1891, Lamyctes coeculus (Br\ölemann, 1889) and Tygarrup javanicus (Attems, 1907). The millipedes Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847) and Amphitomeus attemsi (Schubart, 1934) and the centipedes Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cryptops hortensis (Donovan, 1810) are the species most frequently found in greenhouses.

}, keywords = {centipedes, first records, Germany, hothouse, millipedes, review}, issn = {1314-2828}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1066}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1066}, author = {Decker, Peter and Reip, Hans S. and Voigtl{\"a}nder, Karin} } @article {1425, title = {[Letter to Ludwig D{\"o}derlein]}, year = {1898}, month = {08/08/1898}, publisher = {Archives de la Ville et de l{\textquoteright}Eurom{\'e}tropole de Strasbourg}, address = {Strasbourg, Grand Est, France}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1898, August 8). [Letter to Ludwig D\öderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l\’Eurom\étropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

}, author = {Verhoeff, Carl Wilhelm} } @article {1408, title = {Some summary data and metrics on Myriapoda \& Onychophora for the year 2020}, journal = {International Society for Myriapodology Newsletter}, volume = {6}, year = {2021}, month = {17/11/2021}, pages = {28-30}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356598842}, author = {Carlos A. Mart{\'\i}nez-Mu{\~n}oz} } @article {1329, title = {Don{\textquoteright}t forget the vertical dimension: assessment of distributional dynamics of cave-dwelling invertebrates in both ground and parietal microhabitats}, journal = {Subterranean Biology}, volume = {40}, year = {2021}, month = {14/10/2021}, pages = {43-63}, abstract = {

Biological studies on factors shaping underground communities are poor, especially those considering simultaneously organisms with different degrees of adaptation to cave life. In this study, we assessed the annual dynamics and use of both horizontal and vertical microhabitats of a whole community with the aim of understanding whether cave-dwelling organisms have a similar distribution among vertical and ground-level microhabitats and to find out which microhabitat features influence such distribution. We monthly assessed from 2017 to 2018, by direct observation combined with quadrat sampling method on the ground and transects on the walls, richness and abundance of 62 cave-dwelling species in a cave of Northern Italy. Environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, relative humidity and mineralogical composition of the substrates were measured during each monitoring session, influencing the dynamics of the whole community and revealing significant differences between ground and wall microhabitats. A gradient of variation of the species assemblages occurred from the entrance toward inner areas, however, evidence that the dynamics of the walls are very different from those occurring at the ground independent from the distance from the surface are shown. Biodiversity indices highlighted sampling area diversity and a discrete total cave fauna biodiversity with the highest values found near the entrance and the lowest in the inner part of the cave.

}, keywords = {cave biodiversity, cave community, environmental drivers, subterranean biology, subterranean environment}, issn = {1314-2615, 1768-1448}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.40.71805}, url = {https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/71805/}, author = {Balestra, Valentina and Lana, Enrico and Carbone, Cristina and De Waele, Jo and Manenti, Raoul and Galli, Loris} } @article {1206, title = {Pitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, year = {2021}, month = {28/06/2021}, pages = {9864{\textendash} 9875}, abstract = {

Abstract Pitfall trapping is one of the standard methods used for the capture of ground-active arthropod groups. Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3\ cm, 5\ cm, and 12\ cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70\% ethanol and glycerol and 4\% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45\ days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (d\ =\ 12\ cm) and medium (5\ cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small-sized traps (3\ cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (d\ =\ 5\ cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (d\ =\ 5 and 12\ cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.

}, keywords = {body size, capture rate, fixing fluid, method selection, trap diameter}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7820}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.7820}, author = {Sta{\v s}iov, Slavom{\'\i}r and {\v C}iliak, Marek and Wiezik, Michal and Svitok, Marek and Wiezikov{\'a}, Adela and Diviakov{\'a}, Andrea} } @article {1188, title = {Soil Health and Arthropods: From Complex System to Worthwhile Investigation}, journal = {Insects}, volume = {11}, year = {2020}, month = {16/01/2020}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {

The dramatic increase in soil degradation in the last few decades has led to the need to identify methods to define not only soil quality but also, in a holistic approach, soil health. In the past twenty years, indices based on living communities have been proposed alongside the already proven physical-chemical methods. Among them, some soil invertebrates have been included in monitoring programs as bioindicators of soil quality. Being an important portion of soil fauna, soil arthropods are involved in many soil processes such as organic matter decomposition and translocation, nutrient cycling, microflora activity regulation and bioturbation. Many studies have reported the use of soil arthropods to define soil quality; among taxa, some have been explored more in depth, typically Acari and Collembola, while generally less abundant groups, such as Palpigradi or Embioptera, have not been investigated much. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the use of different soil microarthropod taxa in soil degradation/quality studies to highlight which groups are the most reported for soil monitoring and which are the most sensitive to soil degradation. We have decided not to include the two most present and abundant taxa, Acari and Collembola, in this paper in consideration of the vast amount of existing literature and focus the discussion on the other microarthropod groups. We reported some studies for each taxon highlighting the use of the group as soil quality indicator. A brief section reporting some indices based on soil microarthropods is proposed at the end of this specific discussion. This paper can be considered as a reference point in the use of soil arthropods to estimate soil quality and health.

}, keywords = {bioindicators, macroarthropods, mesofauna, microarthropods, soil biodiversity, soil degradation, soil quality}, issn = {2075-4450}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11010054}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/1/54}, author = {Menta, Cristina and Remelli, Sara} } @mastersthesis {1169, title = {Karyotypov{\'a} variabilita stono{\v z}kovc{\r u} (Myriapoda) / Karyotype variability of Myriapoda}, year = {2020}, month = {13/07/2020}, pages = {38}, school = {Univerzita Karlova, P{\v r}{\'\i}rodov{\v e}deck{\'a} fakulta}, type = {Bachelor thesis}, address = {Prague}, abstract = {

Abstrakt: Bakal\á{\v r}sk\á pr\áce pojedn\áv\á o diploidn\ích po{\v c}tech chromozom{\r u}, jejich morfologii a chromozomov\ém mechanismu ur{\v c}en\í pohlav\í u {\v c}ty{\v r}ech t{\v r}\íd podkmene Myriapoda. Pozornost je z\árove{\v n} v{\v e}nov\ána vz\ájemn\ým fylogenetick\ým vztah{\r u}m v r\ámci podkmene. P{\v r}ehled literatury ukazuje m\íru prozkoumanosti cytogenetick\ých charakteristik u jednotliv\ých t{\v r}\íd, kter\á je zejm\éna ve t{\v r}\íd\ách Pauropoda a Symphyla st\ále velmi n\ízk\á a v r\ámci t{\v r}\ídy Diplopoda je st\ále je\št{\v e} velk\é mno{\v z}stv\í {\v r}\ád{\r u}, kde n\ám tyto informace zcela chyb\í. Cytogenetick\é anal\ýzy odhalily celkov\é rozp{\v e}t\í po{\v c}tu chromozom{\r u} pro: Pauropoda 2n = 12 \– 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 \– 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 \– 54 a Diplopoda 2n = 8 \– 30. V r\ámci v\šech {\v c}ty{\v r} t{\v r}\íd se vyskytuj\í jak morfologicky nediferencovan\é pohlavn\í chromozomy, tak syst\émy typu XX/XY a XX/X0. Nav\íc je u {\v r}\ádu Spirostreptida uv\ád{\v e}n\ý i syst\ém X1X1X2X2/X1X20. Pouze u mal\ého mno{\v z}stv\í druh{\r u} z {\v r}\ád{\r u} Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida a Lithobiomorpha a {\v c}eledi Scutigerellidae se poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat v\ýskyt NOR{\r u}. V pr\áci se tak\é poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat n{\v e}kter\é neshody mezi \údaji r{\r u}zn\ých prac\í, kdy se ukazuje, {\v z}e zejm\éna n{\v e}kter\é star\š\í studie byly postaveny na \špatn\ém pozorov\án\í chromozom{\r u} v karyotypu.

Karyotype variability of Myriapoda

Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with diploid numbers of chromosomes, their morphology and chromosome mechanism of sex determination in four classes of the subphylum Myriapoda. Attention is also paid to mutual phylogenetic relationships within the subphylum. A review of the literature shows the degree of examination of cytogenetic characteristics in individual classes, which is still very low, especially in the classes Pauropoda and Symphyla, and within the class Diplopoda there are still a large number of orders where we completely lack this information. Cytogenetic analyzes revealed a total range of chromosome numbers for: Pauropoda 2n = 12 - 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 - 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 - 54 and Diplopoda 2n = 8 - 30. Within all four classes, there are both morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and XX/XY and XX/X0 systems. In addition, the X1X1X2X2/X1X20 system is mentioned for the order Spirostreptida. Only a small number of species from the orders Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida, Lithobiomorpha and from family Scutigerellidae were able to identify the occurrence of NORs. The work also managed to identify some discrepancies between the data of different works, which shows that especially some older studies were based on poor observation of chromosomes in the karyotype.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, chromosomes, chromozomy, Diplopoda, fylogeneze, karyotyp, karyotype, Myriapoda, Pauropoda, phylogeny, Symphyla, variabilita, variability}, url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/119725}, author = {K{\'a}{\v s}ov{\'a}, Ad{\'e}la} } @article {1157, title = {Management Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alters Soil Macro- Invertebrate Communities Differently}, journal = {Agronomy}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, month = {28/05/2020}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

Land-use changes and especially management intensification currently pose a major threat to biodiversity both on and beneath the soil surface. With a comparative approach, we investigated how management intensity in orchards and meadows influences soil macro-invertebrate communities in a North-Italian Alpine region. We compared soil fauna assemblies from traditional low-input sites with respective intensively managed ones. As expected, the taxonomical richness and diversity were lower in both intensive management types. Extensive management of both types revealed similar communities, while intensification led to substantial differences between management types. From these results, we conclude that intensification of agricultural practices severely alters the soil fauna community and biodiversity in general, however, the direction of these changes is governed by the management type. In our view, extensive management, traditional for mountain areas, favors soil fauna communities that have adapted over a long time and can thus be viewed as a sustainable reference condition for new production systems that consider the protection of soil diversity in order to conserve essential ecosystem functions.

Recommended citation: Guariento E, Colla F, Steinwandter M, Plunger J, Tappeiner U, Seeber J. (2020): Management Intensification of Hay Meadows and Fruit Orchards Alters Soil Macro- Invertebrate Communities Differently. Agronomy, 10 (6), Art. 767: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060767

}, keywords = {management intensity, mountain agriculture, soil biodiversity, South Tyrol, sustainable agriculture, traditional management}, issn = {2073-4395}, doi = {10.3390/agronomy10060767}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/767}, author = {Guariento, Elia and Colla, Filippo and Steinwandter, Michael and Plunger, Julia and Tappeiner, Ulrike and Seeber, Julia} } @article {1043, title = {Temporal complementarity in activity-density of two arthropod macro-detritivore taxa}, journal = {Insect Conservation and Diversity}, year = {2021}, month = {21/01/2021}, abstract = {

1. Macro-detritivores are important fragmenters performing a first step in the ecosystem process of nutrient cycling. Woodlice and millipedes are important representatives of this group and their ecology and niche requirements are often regarded as very similar. However, it is unclear whether there is a difference in temporal activity throughout the year between both groups, possibly leading to temporal complementarity for leaf litter breakdown, and whether patterns of temporal variation in activity are consistent across different habitat types.

2. We studied year-round pitfall-trap data of woodlice and millipedes from an old sand quarry with a high habitat heterogeneity.

3. Our results indicate that there is high temporal complementarity between both detritivore taxa, with millipede activity-density peaking in spring, while woodlice showing a peak in summer. Interestingly, timing of activity depended on habitat openness. Millipedes peak first in open habitat and later in closed habitat, while woodlice showed the opposite pattern.

4. Temporal turnover in community composition was high and of similar magnitude as spatial turnover in community composition across this relatively small scale of our study area.

5. We conclude that, although woodlice and millipedes show comparable habitat preferences, their temporal activity patterns show the potential for temporal complementarity for litter breakdown.

}, keywords = {Community composition, decomposers, Diplopoda, habitat openness, Isopoda, phenology}, issn = {1752-458X}, doi = {10.1111/icad.12471}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/icad.12471}, author = {De Smedt, Pallieter and Proesmans, Willem and Baeten, Lander} } @article {975, title = {Catalogue of the millipedes (Diplopoda) in Miller{\textquoteright}s collection (Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czechia), part 2}, journal = {Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series}, volume = {189}, year = {2020}, month = {09/09/2020}, pages = {11{\textendash}20}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

The present catalogue completes (as the second of the two parts) data for the millipede collection of Czech arachnologist Franti\šek Miller (1902\–1983), housed in the National Museum in Prague. This second part of the catalogue brings information on a total of 341 specimens belonging to 34 millipede species; these specimens were previously housed at Charles University in Prague, and later moved to the National Museum. The material was collected during 1927\–1950 in the territory of modern-day Czechia and Slovakia. Chelogona carpathicum, Polydesmus tatranus and Trachysphaera acutula are species of special importance for Slovak faunistics, due to their endemic occurrence. Glomeris klugii is the first record for Slovakia. For Leptoiulus noricus and Polydesmus inconstans, these are chronologically the oldest records from the territory of Slovakia.

}, keywords = {Bohemia, Diplopoda, faunistics, Franti{\v s}ek Miller, historical records, Moravia, myriapodological collection, Slovakia}, issn = {1802-6842}, doi = {10.37520/jnmpnhs.2020.003}, url = {https://publikace.nm.cz/file/4d979f0157de680a86d0440d1c4703e2/23488/jnmpnhs_2020_003.pdf}, author = {Dolej{\v s}, Petr and Kocourek, Pavel} } @article {944, title = {Myriapodes chilopodes et diplopodes des souterrains de Paris et de sa proche banlieue}, journal = {Spelunca, 5e s{\'e}rie}, year = {2020}, month = {03/2020}, pages = {39-47}, abstract = {

Une campagne d\’\échantillonnage des invert\ébr\és a \ét\é men\ée dans les r\éseaux souterrains de la ville de Paris et de la banlieue proche. Le pr\ésent travail pr\ésente les r\ésultats obtenus concernant les myriapodes (chilopodes et diplopodes) issus de ces r\écoltes. Six esp\èces de chilopodes (Classe Chilopoda) et neuf esp\èces de diplopodes (Classe Diplopoda) ont pu \être identifi\ées. Parmi ces derni\ères, certaines esp\èces sont nouvelles pour les d\épartements des Yvelines, des Hauts-de-Seine et de la Seine-Saint-Denis. Ces r\ésultats contribuent \à l\&$\#$39;enrichissement des inventaires et atlas des myriapodes de France (project INAMYFRA).

}, issn = {0242-1771}, url = {https://publications.ffspeleo.fr/bulletin.php?id=25999}, author = {Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques and Ferrand, Marina} } @article {901, title = {Biological and chemical indicators of soil condition in Bulgarian agro-ecosystems}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

This report presents the results of the mapping and assessment of soil biodiversity and its functions in cropland dominated landscapes in Bulgaria. We summarize the motivation for the assessment, highlighting the importance of assessing biodiversity-mediated processes in the soil, to complement soil condition indicators based on physical and chemical properties of soils. Soil organisms are involved in several critical ecological processes that mediate various benefits associated to cropland productivity such as soil organic matter formation, organic matter decomposition and nutrient circulation, symbiotic functions with plants that promote nutrient and water uptake, and pest and disease control through natural enemies.

}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.11771.87842}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340095492_Biological_and_chemical_indicators_of_soil_condition_in_Bulgarian_agro-ecosystems_Editor}, author = {Rusch, Graciela and Blaalid, Rakel and Dahle, Sondre and Dedov, Ivailo and Elshishka, Milka and Foss{\o}y, Frode and Lazarova, Stela and Mladenov, Alexander and Peneva, Vlada and Radoslavov, Georgi and Stoyanov, Ivailo and Vagalinski, Boyan and Yordanov, Yavor} } @booklet {866, title = {Newsletter of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group, 41, Autumn 2020}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

The newsletter includes items on: Centipede atlas update. The Darwin Tree of Life project. Luminous centipedes. Some rainforest goodies. Paul Richards giving an introduction to millipedes. Hebridean fossil millipedes in the Times.

Published: 15.11.2020 (website upload date, communicated by Steve Gregory).

}, url = {https://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/news/BMIGnews41-2020.pdf}, author = {Helen J. Read} } @article {833, title = {Terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves {\textendash} a summary of 100 years of research}, journal = {Subterranean Biology}, volume = {33}, year = {2020}, month = {13/02/2020}, pages = {45-69}, abstract = {

The year 2018 is particularly important in the history of zoological research in Poland. A hundred years ago, Kazimierz Demel published the first work concerning the terrestrial cave fauna of caves in the Ojc\ów area. In this paper we present the extent of research on the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves in the last 100 years. All accessible research papers that have been published during this period were analysed. Based on published literature, 593 species of terrestrial invertebrate were recorded in Polish caves. Additionally, detailed list of species of individual taxonomic groups was provided.

}, keywords = {caves, checklist, invertebrate, Poland, subterranean fauna, terrestrial}, issn = {1768-1448}, doi = {10.3897/subtbiol.33.48805}, url = {https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/48805/}, author = {Kocot-Zalewska, Joanna and Domaga{\l}a, Pawe{\l}} } @article {589, title = {Ground-dwelling invertebrate diversity in domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient: Landscape characteristics are more important than garden characteristics}, journal = {PloS ONE}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, month = {02/10/2020}, pages = {1-25}, abstract = {

Urbanisation is increasing worldwide and is regarded a major driver of environmental change altering local species assemblages. Private domestic gardens contribute a significant share of total green area in cities, but their biodiversity has received relatively little attention. Previous studies mainly considered plants, flying invertebrates such as bees and butterflies, and birds. By using a multi-taxa approach focused on less mobile, ground-dwelling invertebrates, we examined the influence of local garden characteristics and landscape characteristics on species richness and abundance of gastropods, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, ground beetles and rove beetles. We assume that most of the species of these groups are able to complete their entire life cycle within a single garden. We conducted field surveys in thirty-five domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in Basel, Switzerland. Considered together, the gardens examined harboured an impressive species richness, with a mean share of species of the corresponding groups known for Switzerland of 13.9\%, ranging from 4.7\% in ground beetles to 23.3\% in woodlice. The overall high biodiversity is a result of complementary contributions of gardens harbouring distinct species assemblages. Indeed, at the garden level, species richness of different taxonomical groups were typically not inter-correlated. The exception was ant species richness, which was correlated with those of gastropods and spiders. Generalised linear models revealed that distance to the city centre is an important driver of species richness, abundance and composition of several groups, resulting in an altered species composition in gardens in the centre of the city. Local garden characteristics were important drivers of gastropod and ant species richness, and the abundance of spiders, millipedes and rove beetles. Our study shows that domestic gardens make a valuable contribution to regional biodiversity. Thus, domestic urban gardens constitute an important part of green infrastructure, which should be considered by urban planners.

}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240061}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240061}, author = {Braschler, Brigitte and Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Zwahlen, Valerie and Rusterholz, Hans-Peter and Buchholz, Sascha and Baur, Bruno} } @article {576, title = {Hidden in plain sight: six millipede species (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) new for the fauna of Switzerland}, journal = {Revue suisse de Zoologie}, volume = {127}, year = {2020}, month = {28/10/2020}, pages = {249{\textendash}259}, abstract = {

Diplopoda are poorly studied in many regions. The last comprehensive work on the millipede fauna of Switzerland was published in 1993 and listed 124 outdoor-living species. Recent sampling efforts have resulted in the discovery of six millipede species of European origin that were not previously known to occur in Switzerland: Cylindroiulus britannicus (Verhoeff, 1891), C. salicivorus\ Verhoeff, 1908, C. vulnerarius (Berlese, 1888), Heteroiulus intermedius (Br\ölemann, 1892), Anamastigona pulchella (Silvestri, 1894) and Macrosternodesmus palicola\ Br\ölemann, 1908. None of them is currently invasive in Switzerland, but some are rapidly expanding across Europe and other regions of the world. A species which was previously only known from northern Italy, H. intermedius, was found in a forest close to Bellinzona. It is likely a native Swiss species which has previously been overlooked. The other five species were collected in human-made habitats in the city of Basel and its surroundings, suggesting human-caused introduction. Two species, C. britannicus and M. palicola, likely have an Atlantic origin, while the three remaining species, C. salicivorus, C. vulnerarius and A. pulchella, are originally from Italy. The biogeography of these six species is discussed, and photographs of specimens of each species and their gonopods are presented.

}, keywords = {Basel, Bellinzona, faunistics, invasive species, new records, non-native species, Soil fauna, urban biodiversity}, issn = {0035-418}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.35929/RSZ.0019}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/revue-suisse-de-zoologie/volume-127/issue-2/RSZ.0019/Hidden-in-plain-sight--six-millipede-species-Myriapoda/10.35929/RSZ.0019.full}, author = {Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado} } @article {559, title = {Development of a Sampling Protocol for Millipedes (Diplopoda).}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {10}, year = {2006}, pages = {277-288}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-006-6699-z}, author = {Snyder, Bruce A.}, editor = {Draney, ML} } @article {539, title = {Introducci{\'o}n al estudio de los miri{\'o}podos i cat{\'a}logo de las especies chilenas}, journal = {Bolet{\'\i}n del Museo de Historia Natural, Santiago de Chile}, volume = {4}, year = {1912}, pages = {16{\textendash}68}, author = {Carlos Porter} } @article {530, title = {Note Diplopodologiche}, journal = {Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universit{\`a} di Torino}, volume = {18}, number = {433}, year = {1903}, pages = {1{\textendash}21}, author = {Filippo Silvestri} } @article {438, title = {Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {1131-1140}, abstract = {

An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5\%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Cretaceous, Diplopoda, fossil, Myanmar, Symphyla}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.1131}, url = {https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/30320/}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Moritz, Leif} } @article {419, title = {Four myriapod relatives {\textendash} but who are sisters? No end to debates on relationships among the four major myriapod subgroups}, journal = {BMC Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {20}, year = {2020}, month = {04/11/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among the myriapod subgroups Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda are still not robustly resolved. The first phylogenomic study covering all subgroups resolved phylogenetic relationships congruently to morphological evidence but is in conflict with most previously published phylogenetic trees based on diverse molecular data. Outgroup choice and long-branch attraction effects were stated as possible explanations for these incongruencies. In this study, we addressed these issues by extending the myriapod and outgroup taxon sampling using transcriptome data.

Results: We generated new transcriptome data of 42 panarthropod species, including all four myriapod subgroups and additional outgroup taxa. Our taxon sampling was complemented by published transcriptome and genome data resulting in a supermatrix covering 59 species. We compiled two data sets, the first with a full coverage of genes per species (292 single-copy protein-coding genes), the second with a less stringent coverage (988 genes). We inferred phylogenetic relationships among myriapods using different data types, tree inference, and quartet computation approaches. Our results unambiguously support monophyletic Mandibulata and Myriapoda. Our analyses clearly showed that there is strong signal for a single unrooted topology, but a sensitivity of the position of the internal root on the choice of outgroups. However, we observe strong evidence for a clade Pauropoda+Symphyla, as well as for a clade Chilopoda+Diplopoda.

Conclusions: Our best quartet topology is incongruent with current morphological phylogenies which were supported in another phylogenomic study. AU tests and quartet mapping reject the quartet topology congruent to trees inferred with morphological characters. Moreover, quartet mapping shows that confounding signal present in the data set is sufficient to explain the weak signal for the quartet topology derived from morphological characters. Although outgroup choice affects results, our study could narrow possible trees to derivatives of a single quartet topology. For highly disputed relationships, we propose to apply a series of tests (AU and quartet mapping), since results of such tests allow to narrow down possible relationships and to rule out confounding signal.

}, keywords = {Arthropod phylogeny, conflict, Confounding signal, Internal rooting, Phylogenetics, phylogenomics, Quartet topology, RNA-Seq, Transcriptomes}, issn = {1471-2148}, doi = {10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, url = {https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-020-01699-0}, author = {Szucsich, Nikolaus U. and Bartel, Daniela and Blanke, Alexander and B{\"o}hm, Alexander and Donath, Alexander and Fukui, Makiko and Grove, Simon and Liu, Shanlin and Macek, Oliver and Machida, Ryuichiro and Misof, Bernhard and Nakagaki, Yasutaka and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Sekiya, Kaoru and Tomizuka, Shigekazu and Von Reumont, Bj{\"o}rn M. and Waterhouse, Robert M. and Walzl, Manfred and Meng, Guanliang and Zhou, Xin and Pass, G{\"u}nther and Meusemann, Karen} } @article {399, title = {Present status of the millipede fauna of Hungary, with a review of three species of Brachyiulus Berl{\'e}se, 1884 (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica}, volume = {51}, year = {2020}, month = {07/08/2020}, pages = {87-103}, abstract = {

Since 2005, the last comprehensive species list of the millipedes of Hungary, several new species to the fauna have been approved. Here we provide an updated summary of all Hungarian Diplopoda, comprising altogether 107 species. Brachyiulus pusillus (Leach, 1815) and Chondrodesmus riparius Carl, 1914, based on recent collections, are considered as new to the fauna of Hungary. We give special remarks to the following taxa: Julus curvicornis Verhoeff, 1899, Typhloiulus polypodus (Loksa, 1960), Hungarosoma bokori Verhoeff, 1928, Heteracrochordum evae (Loksa, 1960), Ochogona spp., Haasea hungarica (Verhoeff, 1928), Mastigona spp., and some Polydesmidae. In addition, the taxonomical relationship between B. bagnalli (Brolemann, 1924), B. lusitanus (Verhoeff, 1898), and B. pusillus is discussed in detail. With 21 figures.

}, keywords = {Brachyiulus pusillus, Chondrodesmus riparius, faunal list, new occurrences}, issn = {0237-5419}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.87}, url = {http://opuscula.elte.hu/PDF/Tomus51_S2/Op_Korsos_Lazanyi_Hungary.pdf}, author = {Kors{\'o}s, Zolt{\'a}n and Laz{\'a}nyi, Eszter} } @article {291, title = {No T{\"o}m{\"o}sv{\'a}ry organ in flat backed millipedes (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {103-115}, abstract = {

The T\öm\ösv\áry organ is a sensory structure of the head in myriapods and some other terrestrial arthropods. Due to its variable shape, size, and position in millipedes (Diplopoda) the T\öm\ösv\áry organ is commonly used as diagnostic character in taxonomic descriptions and often included in phylogenetic analyses. For the Polydesmida, the largest millipede order, the T\öm\ösv\áry organ is inconsistently stated as being either absent or present as a pear-shaped pit covered by a membrane or cuticular disc. In order to resolve this inconsistency, we investigated the morphology of the presumable T\öm\ösv\áry organ in four polydesmidan species based on paraffin-histology, semi-thin sections and micro-computed tomography. Our results unambiguously favor the view that the articulation of the cephalic tentorium with the head capsule was misidentified as the T\öm\ösv\áry organ in previous studies, and thus that the T\öm\ösv\áry organ indeed is absent in the Polydesmida. The pear-shaped pit proved to represent the distal roundish expansion of the incisura lateralis, to which \– similarly as in julidan millipedes \– the tentorial transverse bar is articulated. The absence of the T\öm\ösv\áry organ in the Polydesmida does not affect the topology of the interrelationships among the millipede orders retrieved in previous cladistic analyses based on morphology. As a character shared by Colobognatha and Juliformia, however, absence of a T\öm\ösv\áry organ in Polydesmida favors the optimization of its presence in nematophoran millipedes as a reversal. Further studies are needed to clarify whether among chilognathan millipedes a T\öm\ösv\áry organ really exists in taxa such as Stemmiulida, and whether the T\öm\ösv\áry organs are homologous across millipedes.

}, keywords = {anatomy, Histology, Micro-Computed Tomography, morphology, tentorium}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.48438}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/48438/}, author = {Moritz, Leif and Koch, Markus} } @article {288, title = {Diversity, distribution patterns, and fauno-genesis of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of mainland China}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {153 - 198}, abstract = {

Based on all available information, 339 species from 71 genera, 26 families, and eleven orders of Diplopoda have hitherto been recorded from mainland China, the fauna thus being very rich, albeit far from completely known, comprising various zoogeographic elements and populating very different environments. Diplopods mainly occur in various woodlands, in caves, and high in the mountains. Most species (\> 90 \%, usually highly localised, including 160 cavernicoles), 18 genera, and one family are strictly endemic to continental China. Mapping not only the horizontal, but also the vertical distributions of Diplopoda in China shows the bulk of the fauna to be expectedly restricted to forested lowland and mountain biomes or their remnants. Yet some Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Polydesmida, Julida, and even Spirobolida seem to occur only in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as truly high-montane. The long-acknowledged notions of China being a great biogeographic zone transitional between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions generally find good support in millipede distributions, in particular at the higher taxonomic levels (generic, familial, and ordinal). While the Palaearctic/Holarctic components expectedly dominate the fauna of the northern parts of the country, the Oriental ones prevail in its south and along the Pacific coast. Both realms are increasingly mixed and intermingled towards China\’s centre. However, in addition to the above traditional views, based on distribution patterns alone, southern China seems to harbour a rather small, but highly peculiar faunal nucleus or origin centre of its own, whence Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and/or Taiwan could have become populated by younger lineages. The millipede fauna of continental China is thus a tangled mixture of zoogeographic elements of various origins and ages, both relict and more advanced. The few anthropochores must have been the latest faunal \“layer\” to populate China.

}, keywords = {continental China, Diplopod fauna, zoogeography}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.47513}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47513/}, author = {Sergei Ilyich Golovatch and Liu, Weixin} } @article {287, title = {Diversity and distribution of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Georgia, Caucasus}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {199-219}, abstract = {

The diplopod fauna of Georgia, Transcaucasia, is very rich given the country\’s relatively small territory; it presently comprises 103 species from 44 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Most of the Diplopoda known from Georgia (86 species, or 83\%) demonstrate Caucasian distribution patterns, 36 and 46 species, as well as 8 and 9 genera being endemic or subendemic to the country, respectively. A single Holarctic family, Anthroleucosomatidae (order Chordeumatida), contains 44 Caucasian species and 20 genera, of which 27 species and 14 genera are endemic or subendemic to Georgia. Likewise, all species from the orders Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, Glomerida and Chordeumatida, as well as most species of Julida and Polydesmida are native, also endemic or subendemic to the Caucasus, but the genera and families they represent are widely distributed at least across the Euro-Mediterranean Realm. Most of the presumed troglobionts in the Caucasus appear to be confined to western Georgia\’s karst caves (14 species, 5 genera). Within Georgia, the fauna of the western part (= Colchis) is particularly rich and diverse, while that of the central and eastern parts of the country grows increasingly depauperate inland following the gradual climatic aridisation from west (Black Sea coast) to east (Armenia and Azerbaijan). The vertical distribution of the Diplopoda in Georgia, as well as the Caucasus generally, shows the bulk of the fauna restricted to forested lowland to mountain biomes or their remnants. Only very few Chordeumatida and Julus species seem to occur solely in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as high-montane elements. Ongoing and future research on the millipedes of the Caucasus, especially in cave and montane environments, will undoubtedly allow for many more novelties and details of the diversity and distribution of Georgia\’s Diplopoda to be revealed or refined.

}, keywords = {checklist, Colchis, endemism, fauna, Myriapoda}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.47490}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47490/}, author = {Kokhia, Mzia S. and Sergei Ilyich Golovatch} } @article {201, title = {On some genera and species of American millipeds}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {34}, number = {6}, year = {1943}, pages = {1{\textendash}20}, url = {https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=708793}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {202, title = {New southern millipeds}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {32}, number = {8}, year = {1942}, pages = {1{\textendash}19}, keywords = {Auturus, Auturus dixianus, Auturus georgianus, Auturus mimetes, Auturus phanus, Auturus scotius, Brachoria ethotela, Cambala arkansana, Cambala ochra, Cleidogona mississippiana, Eurymerodesmus creolus, Eurymerodesmus louisianae, Eurymerodesmus newtonus, Eurymerodesmus oliphantus, Pachydesmus kisatchinsis, Pachydesmus simulans, Paresmus paroicus, Polydesmus echinogon, Polydesmus euthetus, Polydesmus natchitoches, Polydesmus neoterus, Polydesmus pronomeutes, Sigmoria stenogon, Spirostrephon creolum, Zinaria aberrans}, url = {https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=708783}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {203, title = {New western millipeds}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {31}, number = {12}, year = {1941}, month = {16/06/1941}, pages = {1{\textendash}23}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Chamberlin, R. V. (1941). New western millipedes. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 31 (12): 1-23. Bulletin of the University of Utah, Biological Series, 6 (5): 1-23.

Remark: Bulletin 31 (12) corresponds to the parallel sequence Biological Series 6 (5).

}, keywords = {Mimolene, Mimolene oregona, Placerna, Placerna dorada, Zantona, Zantona douglasia}, url = {https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6qv4598}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {169, title = {Descriptions of fourteen new species of North American myriapods}, journal = {Proceedings of the United States National Museum}, volume = {10}, year = {1888}, month = {19/09/1888}, pages = {617{\textendash}627}, publisher = {Washington :Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.]}, abstract = {

Remark: Published in signatures 39 and 40.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.10-670.617}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/23758}, author = {Charles Harvey Bollman} } @article {146, title = {Notes on North American Julid{\ae}}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {4}, number = {1}, year = {1887}, month = {06/1887}, pages = {25{\textendash}44}, abstract = {

The following paper is based upon the material of this family embraced in the entomological collection in the Museum of the Indiana University. In connection with the description of the new species, it has also been deemed best to introduce descriptions of those already known to science. The types of the new genera and species are deposited in the above museum.

}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35430622}, author = {Charles Harvey Bollman} } @article {144, title = {New American Millipeds}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {31}, number = {11}, year = {1941}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {13, title = {New species of millipedes occurring in the Czech Republic: species discovered in the period 2003{\textendash}2017}, journal = {Schubartiana}, volume = {6}, year = {2017}, month = {12/2017}, pages = {27-30}, chapter = {27}, abstract = {

Since the year 2003, six millipede species new for the Czech Republic were announced. All of them were discovered in small populations mostly in natural habitats. They can be divided into two groups. One is represented by rare, relict and stenoecic species (Hungarosoma bokori, Hylebainosoma tatranum and Melogona transsylvanica). The other group is represented by species exhibiting a closer relationship to subterranean habitats in the Czech Republic (Brachychaeteuma bradeae, Macrosternodesmus palicola and Geoglomeris subterranea); their presence in the Czech Republic was revealed by modified pitfall traps used for collecting of deep-living invertebrates and by combination of several methods used during the research in caves. All six species are listed in the Red List of Threatened Invertebrates in the Czech Republic.

}, keywords = {Chordeumatida, Diplopoda, distribution, faunistics, Glomerida, Polydesmida, threatened species}, issn = {1861-0366}, url = {https://schubartiana.de/issues/pdf/vol6/Kocourek-2017-New_species_Czech_Republic_2003-2017.pdf}, author = {Kocourek, Pavel and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel and Dolej{\v s}, Petr} }