@book {1547, title = {Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.}, volume = {1 (2)}, year = {1767}, pages = {533-1327}, publisher = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, organization = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, edition = {12}, address = {Stockholm}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.68927}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/137240}, author = {Linnaeus, Carolus} } @book {1462, title = {Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.}, volume = {1}, year = {1758}, pages = {824}, publisher = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, organization = {Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii}, edition = {10}, address = {Stockholm}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Linnaeus, C. (1758): Systema natur\æ per Regna Tria natur\æ, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio decima, reformata. Tomus I. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmi\æ. 824 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277}, author = {Linnaeus, Carolus} } @article {1416, title = {Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, volume = {762}, year = {2021}, month = {11/08/2021}, pages = {108-132}, abstract = {

Two new species of giant pill-millipedes, Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer \& Wesener sp. nov. and Sphaerobelum aesculus Rosenmejer \& Wesener sp. nov., are described based on museum samples from southern Thailand. Zephronia viridisoma sp.\ nov. comes from Khao Lak, while the type locality of S. aesculus sp.\ nov. is on Phuket Island. Both species are described integratively, combining light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, multi-layer photography, micro-CT scans and genetic barcoding. Genetic barcoding was successfully conducted for holotypes of both new species, which could be added to a dataset of all published sequences of the family Zephroniidae, including all described species from Thailand, Laos and Cambodia up to 2020. Genetic barcoding of the COI gene revealed another female of S. aesculus sp.\ nov., 160 km east of the type locality. Both new species are genetically distant from all other Zephroniidae from Thailand and surrounding countries, showing uncorrected p-distances of 16.8\–23.1\%. A virtual cybertype of a paratype of Z. viridisoma sp.\ nov. was created and made publically accessible.

}, keywords = {biodiversity, CT scan, cybertype, DNA barcoding, Soil fauna}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1457}, author = {Rosenmejer, Trine and Enghoff, Henrik and Moritz, Leif and Wesener, Thomas} } @article {1207, title = {Seven new giant pill-millipede species and numerous new records of the genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, volume = {758}, year = {2021}, month = {06/07/2021}, pages = {1-48}, abstract = {

Seven new species of the giant pill-millipede genus Zoosphaerium Pocock, 1895 are described from Madagascar: Z. nigrum sp. nov., Z. silens sp. nov., Z. ambatovaky sp. nov., Z. beanka sp. nov., Z. voahangy sp. nov., Z. masoala sp. nov. and Z. spinopiligerum sp. nov. All species are described based on drawings and scanning electron microscopy, while genetic barcoding of the COI gene was successful for six of the seven new species. Additional COI barcode information is provided for the first time for Z. album Wesener, 2009 and Z. libidinosum (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897). Zoosphaerium nigrum sp. nov. and Z. silens sp. nov. belong to the Z. libidinosum species-group, Z. ambatovaky sp. nov. to the Z. coquerelianum species-group, Z. beanka sp. nov., Z. voahangy sp. nov. and Z. masoala sp. nov. to the Z. platylabum species-group and Z. spinopiligerum sp. nov. to the Z. piligerum species-group. Updated identification keys are provided for each species-group. Two western dry forest species, Z. silens sp. nov. and Z. voahangy sp. nov. are recorded from two localities, while the other five species are currently only known from their type localities. Of special conservation concern might be Z. ambatovaky sp. nov. from the lowland rainforest fragment of Ambatovaky, a nowadays isolated lowland rainforest, rapidly shrinking due to slash and burn agriculture. In addition to the new species, new locality data is provided for 11 species and numerous unidentifiable species of Zoosphaerium: Z. neptunus (Butler, 1872), Z. platylabum (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1902) and Z. piligerum (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897) from the central eastern montane forests, as well as Z. ambrense Wesener, 2009, Z. aureum Wesener, 2009, Z. libidinosum, Z. corystoides Wesener, 2009, Z. discolor Wesener, 2009, Z. smaragdinum Wesener, 2009, Z. villosum Wesener \& Sierwald, 2005 and Microsphaerotherium anjozorobe Wesener, 2009.

}, keywords = {dry forest, forest fragments, Microendemism, soil arthropod, Tsingy}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1423}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1423}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Sagorny, Christina} } @mastersthesis {1169, title = {Karyotypov{\'a} variabilita stono{\v z}kovc{\r u} (Myriapoda) / Karyotype variability of Myriapoda}, year = {2020}, month = {13/07/2020}, pages = {38}, school = {Univerzita Karlova, P{\v r}{\'\i}rodov{\v e}deck{\'a} fakulta}, type = {Bachelor thesis}, address = {Prague}, abstract = {

Abstrakt: Bakal\á{\v r}sk\á pr\áce pojedn\áv\á o diploidn\ích po{\v c}tech chromozom{\r u}, jejich morfologii a chromozomov\ém mechanismu ur{\v c}en\í pohlav\í u {\v c}ty{\v r}ech t{\v r}\íd podkmene Myriapoda. Pozornost je z\árove{\v n} v{\v e}nov\ána vz\ájemn\ým fylogenetick\ým vztah{\r u}m v r\ámci podkmene. P{\v r}ehled literatury ukazuje m\íru prozkoumanosti cytogenetick\ých charakteristik u jednotliv\ých t{\v r}\íd, kter\á je zejm\éna ve t{\v r}\íd\ách Pauropoda a Symphyla st\ále velmi n\ízk\á a v r\ámci t{\v r}\ídy Diplopoda je st\ále je\št{\v e} velk\é mno{\v z}stv\í {\v r}\ád{\r u}, kde n\ám tyto informace zcela chyb\í. Cytogenetick\é anal\ýzy odhalily celkov\é rozp{\v e}t\í po{\v c}tu chromozom{\r u} pro: Pauropoda 2n = 12 \– 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 \– 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 \– 54 a Diplopoda 2n = 8 \– 30. V r\ámci v\šech {\v c}ty{\v r} t{\v r}\íd se vyskytuj\í jak morfologicky nediferencovan\é pohlavn\í chromozomy, tak syst\émy typu XX/XY a XX/X0. Nav\íc je u {\v r}\ádu Spirostreptida uv\ád{\v e}n\ý i syst\ém X1X1X2X2/X1X20. Pouze u mal\ého mno{\v z}stv\í druh{\r u} z {\v r}\ád{\r u} Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida a Lithobiomorpha a {\v c}eledi Scutigerellidae se poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat v\ýskyt NOR{\r u}. V pr\áci se tak\é poda{\v r}ilo identifikovat n{\v e}kter\é neshody mezi \údaji r{\r u}zn\ých prac\í, kdy se ukazuje, {\v z}e zejm\éna n{\v e}kter\é star\š\í studie byly postaveny na \špatn\ém pozorov\án\í chromozom{\r u} v karyotypu.

Karyotype variability of Myriapoda

Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with diploid numbers of chromosomes, their morphology and chromosome mechanism of sex determination in four classes of the subphylum Myriapoda. Attention is also paid to mutual phylogenetic relationships within the subphylum. A review of the literature shows the degree of examination of cytogenetic characteristics in individual classes, which is still very low, especially in the classes Pauropoda and Symphyla, and within the class Diplopoda there are still a large number of orders where we completely lack this information. Cytogenetic analyzes revealed a total range of chromosome numbers for: Pauropoda 2n = 12 - 27, Symphyla 2n = 11 - 18, Chilopoda 2n = 14 - 54 and Diplopoda 2n = 8 - 30. Within all four classes, there are both morphologically undifferentiated sex chromosomes and XX/XY and XX/X0 systems. In addition, the X1X1X2X2/X1X20 system is mentioned for the order Spirostreptida. Only a small number of species from the orders Glomerida, Calipodida, Julida, Spirostreptida, Lithobiomorpha and from family Scutigerellidae were able to identify the occurrence of NORs. The work also managed to identify some discrepancies between the data of different works, which shows that especially some older studies were based on poor observation of chromosomes in the karyotype.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, chromosomes, chromozomy, Diplopoda, fylogeneze, karyotyp, karyotype, Myriapoda, Pauropoda, phylogeny, Symphyla, variabilita, variability}, url = {https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/119725}, author = {K{\'a}{\v s}ov{\'a}, Ad{\'e}la} } @inbook {1095, title = {Myriapoda}, booktitle = {The Cyclopedia of Anatomy and Physiology}, volume = {3}, year = {1843}, pages = {544-560}, publisher = {Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper}, organization = {Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper}, address = {London}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/847725}, author = {Jones, Thomas Rymer} } @article {1093, title = {A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Myriapod Memoranda}, volume = {3}, year = {2001}, pages = {5-38}, author = {Casimir Albrecht Willem Jeekel} } @article {1092, title = {A bibliographic catalogue of the Asiatic Sphaerotheriida (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Myriapod Memoranda}, volume = {3}, year = {2001}, pages = {5-38}, author = {Casimir Albrecht Willem Jeekel} } @article {1089, title = {Two new species of the giant pill-millipede genus Zephronia Gray, 1832 from Thailand (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae)}, journal = {Tropical Natural History}, volume = {21}, year = {2021}, month = {01/04/2021}, pages = {12{\textendash}26}, abstract = {

Two new species of Zephronia sensu stricto, both coming from Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, are described: Z. lannaensis, new species and Z. phrain, new species. Both these species seem to be especially similar to Z. laotica Wesener, 2019, but clearly distinct by telopoditomere 2 of the anterior telopods showing a sclerotized process located inside a membranous area, coupled with leg-pair 3 featuring one or two dorso-apical spine(s).

}, keywords = {arthropod, giant pill-millipede, new species, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {2586-9892}, url = {https://li01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/tnh/article/view/247730}, author = {Likhitrakarn, Natdanai and Sergei Ilyich Golovatch and Srisonchai, Ruttapon and Sutcharit, Chirasak} } @article {888, title = {A molecular-based phylogeny of the millipede genus Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924, with the first record of the genus from mainland China (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae)}, journal = {Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} entomologique de France (N.S.)}, volume = {56}, year = {2020}, month = {09/09/2020}, pages = {341-348}, abstract = {

Summary: A new species of giant pill-millipede is described and illustrated from Guizhou Provinces, southern China: Sphaerobelum huzhengkuni n. sp. This is the first record of the genus Sphaerobelum in China. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of this genus is also provided based on DNA-barcoding of the COI mitochondrial gene.

Phylog\énie mol\éculaire du genre de mille-pattes Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924, avec la premi\ère mention du genre en Chine continentale (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae)

R\ésum\é: Une nouvelle esp\èce de mille-pattes g\éant de la province du Guizhou (sud de la Chine), est d\écrite et illustr\ée: Sphaerobelum huzhengkuni n. sp. Il s\’agit du premier signalement du genre Sphaerobelum en Chine. Une analyse phylog\én\étique mol\éculaire de ce genre est \également fournie sur la base de la portion du g\ène mitochondrial COI du code-barres ADN.

}, keywords = {China, DNA barcode, new species, Sphaerobelum}, issn = {0037-9271}, doi = {10.1080/00379271.2020.1811153}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00379271.2020.1811153}, author = {Zhao, Yi and Yu, Jinyong and Liu, Weixin} } @article {873, title = {Vegetation thresholds for the occurrence of millipedes (Diplopoda) in different tropical forest types in Andasibe, Madagascar}, journal = {Madagascar Conservation \& Development}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, month = {01/07/2020}, pages = {19{\textendash}26}, abstract = {

Abstract: Forest clearance, especially in the tropics, leads to habitat loss for many organisms including litter-dwelling arthropods. Among other invertebrates, millipedes (Diplopoda) provide important ecosystem services like decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Despite their importance, little is known about litter inverte-brates\&$\#$39; response to tropical forest degradation and their role in reforestation. The present article should rather be regarded as a review of millipedes\&$\#$39; occurrence in tropical forests with a pilot study from Madagascar, because the sample size is small and results need to be confirmed. This pilot study investigated the relationship between millipedes and vegetation characteristics in the eastern rainforests of Madagascar, in the region of Andasibe, parts of which are undergoing reforestation.

Vegetation characteristics were measured in ten different forests encompassing different types: remnant rainforest, secondary forest, old Eucalyptus plantations, recently enriched with indigenous tree species, and degraded sites. Millipede species were searched by hand, identified and their occurrence in relation to the environmental characteristics was described. Vegetation characteristics differed between forest types. Old Eucalyptus plantations, secondary forest, and primary rainforest were associated with higher litter depth and more native millipede species than degraded sites and forests afforested with native tree species since 2007. Non-native millipedes occurred in all vegetation formations except the primary rainforest site and did not show any relationship with vegetation characteristics. In contrast, native milli-pedes\&$\#$39; occurrence was related to conditions associated with mature forest, such as high litter depth and high foliage cover. Logistic regression revealed a threshold of litter depth above which native millipedes are likely to occur. The results indicate that native milli-pedes are affected by forest degradation and are incompletely restored even when the afforested forest might approach the original state. Special care should be taken during reforestation efforts, as non-native soil arthropods can be introduced, completely replacing the indigenous biota.

Resum\é: Les cons\équences de la d\éforestation globale sont multiples. Pour la plupart des organismes, la d\éforestation est la cause principale de la destruction des habitats. Les arthropodes qui vivent sur le sol forestier ou dans le feuillage sont ainsi menac\és, surtout dans les for\êts tropicales. Ces organismes sont pourtant indispensables au maintien de la r\ésilience de la for\êt. Dans l\’\écosyst\ème forestier, les millepattes et autres arthropodes sont tr\ès importants pour la mise \à disposition de diff\érents services \écosyst\émiques, par exemple pour leur r\ôle dans le cycle des \él\éments nutritifs, la formation des sols et la d\écomposition. Malgr\é leur importance, peu d\’informations sont disponibles sur la r\éaction des invert\ébr\és suite \à la d\égradation des for\êts et leur r\ôle dans la reforestation.

Cette \étude tient surtout lieu de r\évision de l\’occurrence des millepattes dans les for\êts tropicales avec une \étude pilote men\ée \à Madagascar, dans la mesure o\ù l\&$\#$39;\échantillonnage est r\éduit et que les r\ésultats restent partiels. Cette \étude pilote analyse les relations entre les millepattes et les caract\éristiques v\ég\étales dans les for\êts de l\’Est de Madagascar, dans la r\égion d\’Andasibe. Ces for\êts sont tr\ès diverses et dix types de for\êt ont \ét\é consid\ér\és, \à savoir une for\êt r\écemment d\égrad\ée et une for\êt d\égrad\ée, une for\êt d\égrad\ée et rebois\ée avec des esp\èces arbor\ées indig\ènes en 2007, 2012 ou 2015, des plantations d\’Eucalyptus abandonn\ées depuis 1930 ou 1909, deux for\êts secondaires, une for\êt primaire. Dans ces diff\érents types de for\êt, les caract\éristiques de la v\ég\étation ont \ét\é enregistr\ées et des millepattes ont \ét\é r\écolt\és \à la main. Les esp\èces de millepattes ont \ét\é identifi\ées et leur occurrence ont \ét\é analys\ées par rapport aux caract\éristiques de la v\ég\étation. Les vieilles plantations d\’Eucalyptus et les for\êts secondaire et primaire \étaient caract\éris\ées par une couche plus \épaisse de feuilles et davantage d\’esp\èces de millepattes indig\ènes par rapport aux for\êts d\égrad\ée et replant\ée. Les esp\èces allog\ènes \étaient pr\ésentes dans tous les types de for\êt \à l\’exception de la for\êt primaire. La pr\ésence de ces esp\èces n\’\était pas li\ée aux caract\éristiques de la v\ég\étation. En revanche, l\’occurrence des esp\èces indig\ènes \était associ\ée \à des conditions qui sont caract\éristiques des for\êts matures, par exemple une couche de feuilles \épaisse et une couverture foliaire dense. L\’analyse de r\égression logistique a r\év\él\é une valeur seuil pour la hauteur de la couche de feuilles mortes. Au-del\à de ce seuil, il est probable que les millepattes indig\ènes soient pr\ésents. L\’\étude a montr\é que les millepattes indig\ènes sont impact\és par la d\éforestation et qu\’ils ne sont pas facilement restaur\és m\ême si la restauration semble permettre \à la for\êt de se rapprocher de son \état initial.

}, keywords = {introduced species, leaf litter, millipedes, reforestation, vegetation threshold}, issn = {1662-2510}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v15i1.3}, url = {https://www.journalmcd.com/index.php/mcd/article/view/712}, author = {Spelzhausen, Lea Rebecca and Wesener, Thomas and Sch{\"u}tte, Kai} } @article {849, title = {Descriptions of new genera of Zephroniid{\ae}, with brief preliminary diagnoses of some new species}, journal = {The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, ser. 6}, volume = {16}, year = {1895}, month = {01/11/1895}, pages = {409-415}, issn = {0374-5481}, doi = {10.1080/00222939508680293}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25122897}, author = {Pocock, Reginald Innes} } @article {496, title = {Edible arachnids and myriapods worldwide {\textendash} updated list, nutritional profile and food hygiene implications}, journal = {Journal of Insects as Food and Feed}, volume = {7}, year = {2020}, month = {27/11/2020}, pages = {261-279}, abstract = {

Like insects, arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites and ticks) and myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) also have a history of traditional consumption, either as foodstuff or medicine. In this review, an updated list of edible arachnids and myriapods is presented, showing that these animals are consumed worldwide. They are collected from the wild, and typical processing includes heating, defanging and, in certain cases, drying and grinding. The scarce data show a marked variation in nutrient composition that depends on the taxon and even sex, possibly also instar and feeding. Evaluating these traditions in terms of food safety, tick consumption must be discouraged, and heating steps are mandatory to eliminate pathogens, venoms, and urticating setae. For the future, more research will be necessary to assess chemical risks in wild-caught animals in terms of consumer safety and to get productive arachnid and myriapod farming for foodstuffs and industrial uses (pharmaceutical substances and silks) started.

}, keywords = {arachnophagy, arthropod farming, food anthropology, food safety, pharmacology, toxicology}, issn = {2352-4588}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0046}, url = {https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/10.3920/JIFF2020.0046}, author = {Costa-Neto, Eraldo Medeiros and Grabowski, Nils Thomas} } @article {441, title = {An apparently non-swinging tentorium in the Diplopoda (Myriapoda): comparative morphology of the tentorial complex in giant pill-millipedes (Sphaerotheriida)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {741}, year = {2018}, pages = {77-91}, abstract = {

The presence of a swinging tentorium is a key apomorphy of Myriapoda, but this character has been studied in detail in only few species. Here the tentorium, i.e., the peristomatic skeleton of the preoral chamber, is comparatively studied in three species of the millipede order Sphaerotheriida Brandt, 1833. Since dissections of the fragile tentorial components proved to be difficult, despite the large head size, they were analysed mainly in situ via micro-computed tomography. Our results confirm previous observations of large differences in the tentorial construction in the giant pill-millipedes compared to chilognathan diplopods. The tentorium of Sphaerotheriida consists of a curved, plate-like epipharyngeal bar with distal projections, an elongate and thin hypopharyngeal bar, and a plate-like triangular posterior process; a transverse bar is absent. Only seven muscles attach at the tentorium in giant pill-millipedes, including two antennal muscles and two muscles of the gnathochilarium. Within the order Sphaerotheriida, the composition of the tentorium and its muscular equipment seems to be conserved, except for some variability in the shape of the epipharyngeal bar. As the transverse bar has been considered essential for the mobility of the tentorium in myriapods, its absence in Sphaerotheriida may indicate that their tentorium is not capable of performing a swing. Loss of tentorial mobility may also pertain to the order Glomerida Brandt, 1833, inferred here from the absence of a posterior process. An apparently immobile tentorium in Glomerida and Sphaerotheriida can straightforwardly be correlated with transformations of the head related to their ability of volvation. The different transformations of the tentorium, here hypothesised to cause immobility, may support current assumptions that the ability of volvation evolved convergently in Glomerida and Sphaerotheriida. This conclusion, however, still requires more detailed studies of the head anatomy in Glomerida and Glomeridesmida Cook, 1895.

}, keywords = {3D-reconstruction, Arthrosphaeridae, micro-CT, swinging tentorium, volvation}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21909}, author = {Moritz, Leif and Wesener, Thomas and Koch, Markus} } @article {436, title = {Integrative description of two new species of Malagasy chirping giant pill-millipedes, genus Sphaeromimus (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, volume = {381}, year = {2017}, month = {15/12/2017}, pages = {1-25}, abstract = {

The species-rich giant pill-millipedes (Sphaerotheriida) often represent a microendemic component of Madagascar\’s mega-invertebrate fauna. Of the chirping genus Sphaeromimus de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1902, ten species have been described. Here, we describe two new species of Sphaeromimus integratively, combining light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, DNA barcoding and micro-CT technology for the first time in a taxonomic description of a giant pill-millipede. S. kalambatritra sp. nov. and S. midongy sp. nov. are the first giant pill-millipedes collected and described from the mountainous rainforests of Kalambatritra and Midongy. Both species show island gigantism compared to their congeners. Our analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene shows that the two species are related to one another with a moderate genetic distance (9.4\%), while they are more closely related to an undetermined specimen from the forest of Vevembe (6.3\% and 8.4\%). They stand in a basal position with S. ivohibe Wesener, 2014 and S. musicus (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897). The four aforementioned species share a high number of stridulation ribs on the male harp. Our micro-CT analysis provides a look into the head of S. kalambatritra sp. nov. and shows that non-destructive CT methods are a useful tool for studying the inner morphology of giant pill-millipedes.

}, keywords = {biodiversity, COI, island gigantism, Kalambatritra, Midongy}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.381}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/506}, author = {Moritz, Leif and Wesener, Thomas} } @article {296, title = {The millipedes collected by the Museum "La Specola" on Madagascar 1989/1991, with the description of three new species of giant pill-millipedes (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {3-35}, abstract = {

A large collection of millipedes (Diplopoda) from Madagascar, belonging to the Museum \“La Specola\” in Florence, Italy were investigated. The collection includes three new species of the giant pill-millipede genus Zoosphaerium Pocock, 1895 which are described here as Zoosphaerium mangabe Wesener, sp. nov., Z. bartolozzii Anilkumar \& Wesener, sp. nov., and Z. taitii Anilkumar \& Wesener, sp. nov., all belonging to the Z. coquerelianum species group. The latter two are currently only known from a single site. Other specimens belonging to eight orders (Polyxenida, Sphaerotheriida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida) are listed. Three tropical tramp species, Pseudospirobolellus avernus (Butler, 1876), Glyphiulus granulatus Gervais, 1847, and Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898) are recorded for the first time from Madagascar. New locality data is provided for Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler, 1872), Z. villosum Wesener \& Sierwald, 2005, Z. blandum (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897), Sphaeromimus musicus (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897), Rhinotus purpureus (Pocock, 1894), Hylekobolus andasibensis Wesener, 2009, Aphistogoniulus infernalis Wesener, 2009, Ostinobolus rufus Wesener, 2009, Ostinobolus subterraneus Wesener, 2009, Dactylobolus bivirgatus (Karsch, 1881), and Eumekius antimena (de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1901).

}, keywords = {biodiversity, COI, introduced species, Madagascar, museum collection}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.47620}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47620/}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully} } @article {295, title = {Some new or poorly-known Zephroniidae (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida) from Vietnam}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {37-60}, abstract = {

Three new species of the giant pill-millipede family Zephroniidae are described from southern Vietnam: Sphaerobelum pumatense sp. nov., Sphaeropoeus honbaensis sp. nov. and Sphaeropoeus bidoupensis sp. nov. Two species, Sphaerobelum bicorne Attems, 1938 and Sphaeropoeus maculatus (Verhoeff, 1924), are redescribed, the former from new material, the latter from type material with lectotype designation. A new transfer is proposed: Zephronia manca Attems, 1936, to the genus Sphaeropoeus Brandt, 1833, giving the new combination, Sphaeropoeus manca (Attems, 1936) comb. nov.

}, keywords = {biological observations, giant pill-millipede, Sphaerobelum, Sphaeropoeus, Taxonomy}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.47742}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47742/}, author = {Semenyuk, Irina and Sergei Ilyich Golovatch and Wesener, Thomas} } @article {288, title = {Diversity, distribution patterns, and fauno-genesis of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of mainland China}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {930}, year = {2020}, month = {28/04/2020}, pages = {153 - 198}, abstract = {

Based on all available information, 339 species from 71 genera, 26 families, and eleven orders of Diplopoda have hitherto been recorded from mainland China, the fauna thus being very rich, albeit far from completely known, comprising various zoogeographic elements and populating very different environments. Diplopods mainly occur in various woodlands, in caves, and high in the mountains. Most species (\> 90 \%, usually highly localised, including 160 cavernicoles), 18 genera, and one family are strictly endemic to continental China. Mapping not only the horizontal, but also the vertical distributions of Diplopoda in China shows the bulk of the fauna to be expectedly restricted to forested lowland and mountain biomes or their remnants. Yet some Chordeumatida, Callipodida, Polydesmida, Julida, and even Spirobolida seem to occur only in the subalpine to alpine environments and thus may provisionally be considered as truly high-montane. The long-acknowledged notions of China being a great biogeographic zone transitional between the Palaearctic and Oriental regions generally find good support in millipede distributions, in particular at the higher taxonomic levels (generic, familial, and ordinal). While the Palaearctic/Holarctic components expectedly dominate the fauna of the northern parts of the country, the Oriental ones prevail in its south and along the Pacific coast. Both realms are increasingly mixed and intermingled towards China\’s centre. However, in addition to the above traditional views, based on distribution patterns alone, southern China seems to harbour a rather small, but highly peculiar faunal nucleus or origin centre of its own, whence Himalaya, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and/or Taiwan could have become populated by younger lineages. The millipede fauna of continental China is thus a tangled mixture of zoogeographic elements of various origins and ages, both relict and more advanced. The few anthropochores must have been the latest faunal \“layer\” to populate China.

}, keywords = {continental China, Diplopod fauna, zoogeography}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.930.47513}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47513/}, author = {Sergei Ilyich Golovatch and Liu, Weixin} } @article {117, title = {Distribution and descriptive characteristics of the two giant pill millipedes of the genus Sphaerobelum Verhoeff, 1924 (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae) in Vietnam}, journal = {TAP CHI SINH HOC}, volume = {41}, year = {2019}, month = {28/03/2019}, pages = {9{\textendash}17}, abstract = {

Two giant pill millipedes, Sphaerobelum clavigerum Verhoeff, 1924 and Sphaerobelum hirsutum Verhoeff, 1924, were described from unindicated localities in northern Vietnam. The paper presents the recorded localities, descriptions and colour illustrations of those giant pill millipedes. S. clavigerum Verhoeff, 1924 is recorded from Cuc Phuong National Park (Ninh Binh Province), and distinguished from its congeners by body being shiny, glabrous, anterior telopods 3-segmented, process of 2nd podonomere of posterior telopods slender, not apically strongly swollen. In contrast, S. hirsutum Verhoeff, 1924 is found in Tam Dao National Park and Me Linh Biodiversity Station (both in Vinh Phuc Province), and recognized by body being densely hairy, process of 2nd podonomere of posterior telopods apically strongly swollen, spherical, wider than basis of 3rd podomere. In addition, a key to genera of giant pill millipedes is also provided for the Vietnam fauna.

}, keywords = {millipede, Sphaerotherida, Zephroniidae; ch{\^a}n k{\'e}p; s{\^a}u {\dj}{\'a}; ph{\^a}n bố; Việt Nam}, issn = {0866-7160}, doi = {10.15625/0866-7160/v41n1.11400}, url = {http://vjs.ac.vn/index.php/vjbio/article/view/11400}, author = {Nguyen, Anh D. and Sierwad, Petra} }