@article {1764, title = {Systematische Aufz{\"a}hlung der Crustaceen, Arachniden und Miriapoden, welche ich bisher in der Umgebung von Trier gefunden habe}, year = {1857}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Schnur, J. (1857): Systematische Aufz\ählung der Crustaceen, Arachniden und Miriapoden, welche ich bisher in der Umgebung von Trier gefunden habe. Jahresbericht der Gesellschaft f\ür n\ützliche Forschungen zu Trier, 5: 53-55. https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.43690.23

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.43690.23}, url = {https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/jahresbericht_trier1856/0057}, author = {Schnur, J.} } @article {1579, title = {Genre Latzelia}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger}, volume = {18}, year = {1895}, month = {02/12/1895}, pages = {458-459}, abstract = {

Br\ölemann, H. W. (1895): Genre Latzelia. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 18 (490): 458-459. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9728801

}, author = {Br{\"o}lemann, Henry W.} } @article {1425, title = {[Letter to Ludwig D{\"o}derlein]}, year = {1898}, month = {08/08/1898}, publisher = {Archives de la Ville et de l{\textquoteright}Eurom{\'e}tropole de Strasbourg}, address = {Strasbourg, Grand Est, France}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1898, August 8). [Letter to Ludwig D\öderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l\’Eurom\étropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

}, author = {Verhoeff, Carl Wilhelm} } @article {1366, title = {Myriapod Trivia - Curiosities of British Natural History \& The Rabbit and the Centipede}, journal = {Bulletin of the British Myriapod \& Isopod Group}, volume = {32}, year = {2020}, month = {03/04/2020}, pages = {95-97}, type = {Miscellanea}, chapter = {95}, abstract = {

Over the years with an interest in the more formal study of myriapods, especially centipedes, I have also accumulated a few items of what we might call \"trivia\" - prints, pictures etc. The two items here come into that category and I know there are many more like them around and they are offered as light relief for Bulletin readers. I know little about The Penny Magazine but it clearly represents a cheap, presumably weekly, publication dedicated to that great Victorian aim of \"self improvement\". This issue comprises eight pages with items as varied as \"Essays on the lives of Remarkable Painters No.XXXI: Andrea del Sarto\", \"The English and Irish Ordnance Surveys\" and \"The Hareem of Ibrahim Pasha\". I have abridged the item on Centipedes and Millipedes from the original three pages. \"The Rabbit and the Centipede\" comes from a children\&$\#$39;s book of 1907. I am not sure that it sheds any particular new light on myriapod locomotory mechanisms.

}, issn = {2513-9444}, url = {https://www.bmig.org.uk/sites/www.bmig.org.uk/files/bulletin/BullBMIG32(2020)95-97_Myriapod-Trivia.pdf}, author = {Barber, Anthony D.} } @article {1329, title = {Don{\textquoteright}t forget the vertical dimension: assessment of distributional dynamics of cave-dwelling invertebrates in both ground and parietal microhabitats}, journal = {Subterranean Biology}, volume = {40}, year = {2021}, month = {14/10/2021}, pages = {43-63}, abstract = {

Biological studies on factors shaping underground communities are poor, especially those considering simultaneously organisms with different degrees of adaptation to cave life. In this study, we assessed the annual dynamics and use of both horizontal and vertical microhabitats of a whole community with the aim of understanding whether cave-dwelling organisms have a similar distribution among vertical and ground-level microhabitats and to find out which microhabitat features influence such distribution. We monthly assessed from 2017 to 2018, by direct observation combined with quadrat sampling method on the ground and transects on the walls, richness and abundance of 62 cave-dwelling species in a cave of Northern Italy. Environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature, relative humidity and mineralogical composition of the substrates were measured during each monitoring session, influencing the dynamics of the whole community and revealing significant differences between ground and wall microhabitats. A gradient of variation of the species assemblages occurred from the entrance toward inner areas, however, evidence that the dynamics of the walls are very different from those occurring at the ground independent from the distance from the surface are shown. Biodiversity indices highlighted sampling area diversity and a discrete total cave fauna biodiversity with the highest values found near the entrance and the lowest in the inner part of the cave.

}, keywords = {cave biodiversity, cave community, environmental drivers, subterranean biology, subterranean environment}, issn = {1314-2615, 1768-1448}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.40.71805}, url = {https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/71805/}, author = {Balestra, Valentina and Lana, Enrico and Carbone, Cristina and De Waele, Jo and Manenti, Raoul and Galli, Loris} } @article {1206, title = {Pitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, year = {2021}, month = {28/06/2021}, pages = {9864{\textendash} 9875}, abstract = {

Abstract Pitfall trapping is one of the standard methods used for the capture of ground-active arthropod groups. Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3\ cm, 5\ cm, and 12\ cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70\% ethanol and glycerol and 4\% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45\ days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (d\ =\ 12\ cm) and medium (5\ cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small-sized traps (3\ cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (d\ =\ 5\ cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (d\ =\ 5 and 12\ cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.

}, keywords = {body size, capture rate, fixing fluid, method selection, trap diameter}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7820}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.7820}, author = {Sta{\v s}iov, Slavom{\'\i}r and {\v C}iliak, Marek and Wiezik, Michal and Svitok, Marek and Wiezikov{\'a}, Adela and Diviakov{\'a}, Andrea} } @article {1187, title = {Do litter-feeding macroarthropods disrupt cascading effects of land use on microbial decomposer activity?}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {46}, year = {2020}, month = {14/03/2020}, pages = {24-34}, abstract = {

Plant traits are known to control litter decomposition rates through afterlife effects on litter quality. Land-use practices that modify plant traits, e.g. livestock grazing and soil fertilization, also have cascading effects on litter decomposition. However, almost all studies of these afterlife effects ignored the role of soil detritivores in the decomposition processes. We explored how the feeding activities of a macroarthropod modify microbial activity in leaf litter. Dead leaves from two grassland species, Bromopsis erecta and Potentilla verna, were collected in fertilized or unfertilized grazed plots and fertilized or unfertilized ungrazed plots. We determined how intraspecific variation in litter quality in response to sheep grazing and soil fertilization (i) influences the consumption and assimilation of leaf litter by the millipede Glomeris marginata, and (ii) affects the activity of microbial decomposers, assessed by substrate-induced respiration (SIR), in leaf litter before consumption and in faecal pellets and litter remains processed by Glomeris under all treatments. In the absence of millipedes, microbial activity was significantly higher in leaf litter from fertilized plots. Glomeris consumed larger amounts of leaf litter from fertilized grazed plots, owing to increased consumption of the otherwise poorly palatable Bromopsis, and produced larger amounts of faecal pellets when fed on this food. However, irrespective of the food consumed, SIR in faecal pellets was found to be similar in all treatments. Moreover, SIR in litter remains unconsumed at the end of the experiment was reduced to low and similar levels in all treatments. Overall, homogenization of microbial activity by Glomeris suppressed differences in SIR between leaf litter from fertilized and unfertilized plots, in both Bromopsis and Potentilla. Our results suggest that studies that assess afterlife effects of plant traits on decomposition using methods that exclude soil macrofauna may prove inadequate in ecosystems with abundant populations of detritivores.

}, keywords = {Aboveground-belowground linkages, Afterlife effects, Litter decomposition, Litter-feeding macroarthropods, Microbial activity}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2020.03.004}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439179120300335}, author = {Coq, Sylvain and Nahmani, Johanne and Kazakou, Elena and Fromin, Nathalie and David, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois} } @article {975, title = {Catalogue of the millipedes (Diplopoda) in Miller{\textquoteright}s collection (Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czechia), part 2}, journal = {Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series}, volume = {189}, year = {2020}, month = {09/09/2020}, pages = {11{\textendash}20}, chapter = {11}, abstract = {

The present catalogue completes (as the second of the two parts) data for the millipede collection of Czech arachnologist Franti\šek Miller (1902\–1983), housed in the National Museum in Prague. This second part of the catalogue brings information on a total of 341 specimens belonging to 34 millipede species; these specimens were previously housed at Charles University in Prague, and later moved to the National Museum. The material was collected during 1927\–1950 in the territory of modern-day Czechia and Slovakia. Chelogona carpathicum, Polydesmus tatranus and Trachysphaera acutula are species of special importance for Slovak faunistics, due to their endemic occurrence. Glomeris klugii is the first record for Slovakia. For Leptoiulus noricus and Polydesmus inconstans, these are chronologically the oldest records from the territory of Slovakia.

}, keywords = {Bohemia, Diplopoda, faunistics, Franti{\v s}ek Miller, historical records, Moravia, myriapodological collection, Slovakia}, issn = {1802-6842}, doi = {10.37520/jnmpnhs.2020.003}, url = {https://publikace.nm.cz/file/4d979f0157de680a86d0440d1c4703e2/23488/jnmpnhs_2020_003.pdf}, author = {Dolej{\v s}, Petr and Kocourek, Pavel} } @article {836, title = {Release of greenhouse gases from millipedes as related to food, body size, and other factors}, journal = {Soil Biology and Biochemistry}, volume = {144}, year = {2020}, month = {28/02/2020}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {

The release of greenhouse gases from millipede digestive tracts warrants study because of its potential effect on climate change and also as an indicator of microbial processes that transform organic matter during passage through the gut of these animals. Gas chromatography was used to quantify the release of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from living millipedes in laboratory conditions. The effect of four food types (leaf litter of alder, oak, and maple, and rotten wood) on the release of CH4, CO2, and N2O by 12 species was also assessed. In addition, two julid species were fed pure cellulose to test the ability of these millipedes to obtain energy from cellulose and to determine the effect of this diet on gas production.

All of the tested millipede species produced CO2 and some produced CH4. Stable and substantial CH4 emission was restricted to the large millipedes in the tropical orders Spirobolida and Spirostreptida. This asymmetrical phylogenetic distribution of CH4 production may be related to body size and the presence of gut commensals, but these factors may influence each other and depend upon geographic distribution of species. The quality of the food and feeding regime can also affect CH4 production in that CH4 release was significantly higher when millipedes were fed alder leaf litter rather than oak or maple leaf litter. CO2 production from millipedes mainly reflected the metabolic response of the animals. Traces of N2O were only occasionally emitted by millipedes; this release evidently depends on the N content in the food and seems to be restricted to members of the Glomeridae family. Based on gas production, the tested species of millipedes were unable to obtain their energy needs from a diet of pure cellulose.

}, keywords = {Carbon dioxide, Cellulose, Diplopoda, Food, Methane, Nitrous oxide}, issn = {0038-0717}, doi = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107765}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0038071720300626}, author = {{\v S}ustr, Vladimir and {\v S}imek, Miloslav and Faktorov{\'a}, Lucie and Mackov{\'a}, Jana and Tajovsk{\'y}, Karel} } @article {833, title = {Terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves {\textendash} a summary of 100 years of research}, journal = {Subterranean Biology}, volume = {33}, year = {2020}, month = {13/02/2020}, pages = {45-69}, abstract = {

The year 2018 is particularly important in the history of zoological research in Poland. A hundred years ago, Kazimierz Demel published the first work concerning the terrestrial cave fauna of caves in the Ojc\ów area. In this paper we present the extent of research on the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Polish caves in the last 100 years. All accessible research papers that have been published during this period were analysed. Based on published literature, 593 species of terrestrial invertebrate were recorded in Polish caves. Additionally, detailed list of species of individual taxonomic groups was provided.

}, keywords = {caves, checklist, invertebrate, Poland, subterranean fauna, terrestrial}, issn = {1768-1448}, doi = {10.3897/subtbiol.33.48805}, url = {https://subtbiol.pensoft.net/article/48805/}, author = {Kocot-Zalewska, Joanna and Domaga{\l}a, Pawe{\l}} } @article {434, title = {Detritivore conversion of litter into faeces accelerates organic matter turnover}, journal = {Communications Biology}, volume = {3}, year = {2020}, month = {11/11/2020}, pages = {1-9}, chapter = {660}, abstract = {

Litter-feeding soil animals are notoriously neglected in conceptual and mechanistic biogeochemical models. Yet, they may be a dominant factor in decomposition by converting large amounts of plant litter into faeces. Here, we assess how the chemical and physical changes occurring when litter is converted into faeces alter their fate during further decomposition with an experimental test including 36 combinations of phylogenetically distant detritivores and leaf litter of contrasting physicochemical characteristics. We show that, across litter and detritivore species, litter conversion into detritivore faeces enhanced organic matter lability and thereby accelerated carbon cycling. Notably, the positive conversion effect on faeces quality and decomposition increased with decreasing quality and decomposition of intact litter. This general pattern was consistent across detritivores as different as snails and woodlice, and reduced differences in quality and decomposition amongst litter species. Our data show that litter conversion into detritivore faeces has far-reaching consequences for the understanding and modelling of the terrestrial carbon cycle.

}, issn = {2399-3642}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01392-4}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01392-4}, author = {Joly, Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier and Coq, Sylvain and Coulis, Mathieu and David, Jean-Fran{\c c}ois and H{\"a}ttenschwiler, Stephan and Mueller, Carsten W and Prater, Isabel and Subke, Jens-Arne} } @article {427, title = {Diversity and evolution of the P450 family in arthropods}, journal = {Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, volume = {127}, year = {2020}, month = {22/10/2020}, pages = {1-22}, abstract = {

The P450 family (CYP genes) of arthropods encodes diverse enzymes involved in the metabolism of foreign compounds and in essential endocrine or ecophysiological functions. The P450 sequences (CYPome) from 40 arthropod species were manually curated, including 31 complete CYPomes, and a maximum likelihood phylogeny of nearly 3000 sequences is presented. Arthropod CYPomes are assembled from members of six CYP clans of variable size, the CYP2, CYP3, CYP4 and mitochondrial clans, as well as the CYP20 and CYP16 clans that are not found in Neoptera. CYPome sizes vary from two dozen genes in some parasitic species to over 200 in species as diverse as collembolans or ticks. CYPomes are comprised of few CYP families with many genes and many CYP families with few genes, and this distribution is the result of dynamic birth and death processes. Lineage-specific expansions or blooms are found throughout the phylogeny and often result in genomic clusters that appear to form a reservoir of catalytic diversity maintained as heritable units. Among the many P450s with physiological functions, six CYP families are involved in ecdysteroid metabolism. However, five so-called Halloween genes are not universally represented and do not constitute the unique pathway of ecdysteroid biosynthesis. The diversity of arthropod CYPomes has only partially been uncovered to date and many P450s with physiological functions regulating the synthesis and degradation of endogenous signal molecules (including ecdysteroids) and semiochemicals (including pheromones and defense chemicals) remain to be discovered. Sequence diversity of arthropod P450s is extreme, and P450 sequences lacking the universally conserved Cys ligand to the heme have evolved several times. A better understanding of P450 evolution is needed to discern the relative contributions of stochastic processes and adaptive processes in shaping the size and diversity of CYPomes.

}, keywords = {Detoxification, Ecdysteroid metabolism, Gene clusters, Orthologous groups, P450 Evolution}, issn = {0965-1748}, doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103490}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096517482030179X}, author = {Dermauw, Wannes and Van Leeuwen, Thomas and Feyereisen, Ren{\'e}} } @article {393, title = {Arthropod segments and segmentation {\textendash} lessons from myriapods, and open questions}, journal = {Opuscula Zoologica}, volume = {51}, year = {2020}, month = {07/08/2020}, pages = {7-21}, abstract = {

The current understanding of the segmental organization of myriapods is dramatically different from the traditional views, due both to fresh research on a number of myriapod species and to progress in comparative developmental biology at large. In the late eighties, the emerging paradigm of ecdysozoan affinities of arthropods prompted a revisitation of the concept of the segment as an archetypical body unit. Fresh approaches to myriapod comparative morphology and pioneering studies on the developmental genetics of segmentation in Strigamia maritima, Lithobius atkinsoni and Glomeris marginata contributed to the definitive abandonment of the Articulata hypothesis and suggested a reformulation of the segment concept as the product of a functional integration between a number of distinctly repeated serial units, e.g. neuromeres, tergites, sternites. In the light of this refreshed interpretation of myriapod segmental architecture, we must reject the na\ïve views that (a) segment production is necessarily prior to segment patterning, (b) serial features evolve from polymerous and poorly patterned to oligomerous and strongly patterned series (Williston\’s law), and (c) the divide between embryonic and post-embryonic development is necessarily a major turning point in morphogenetic processes. Open questions remain, e.g. to which extent the production of serial structures along the main body axis of myriapods is multiplicative rather than sequential.

}, keywords = {anamorphosis, developmental genetics, Epimorphosis, saltational evolution, Williston{\textquoteright}s rule.}, issn = {0237-5419}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.7}, url = {http://opuscula.elte.hu/PDF/Tomus51_S2/Op_\%20Minelli_Arthropod_segmentation.pdf}, author = {Minelli, Alessandro} } @article {61, title = {A tabular View of the external Characters of Four Classes of Animals, which Linn{\'e} arranged under Insecta; with the Distribution of the Genera composing Three of these Classes into Orders, \&c. and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species}, journal = {Transactions of the Linnean Society of London}, volume = {11}, year = {1816}, month = {24/01/1816}, pages = {306-400}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Leach, W. E. (1816) [1815]: A tabular View of the external Characters of Four Classes of Animals, which Linn\é arranged under Insecta; with the Distribution of the Genera composing Three of these Classes\  into Orders, \&c. and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 11 (2): 306-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/19716}, author = {Leach, William Elford} }