@article {1839, title = {Atlas of European millipedes 3: Order Chordeumatida (Class Diplopoda)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, year = {2021}, month = {22/09/2021}, pages = {1-244}, type = {Monograph}, abstract = {

For each of the 534 species of the millipede order Chordeumatida known from Europe, available information on taxonomy, distribution and habitat is summarized, and the distribution in 50 \× 50 km UTM/MGRS squares is shown on a map. Comparisons between Chordeumatida and the equally-sized order Julida are made with respect to distribution patterns and history of exploration.

Recommended citation: Kime, R. D. \& H. Enghoff (2021): Atlas of European millipedes 3: Order Chordeumatida (Class Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy, 769, 1-244. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.769.1497

}, keywords = {distribution, faunistics, map, MGRS, Taxonomy, UTM}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.769.1497}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1497}, author = {Kime, Richard Desmond and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {1838, title = {Atlas of European millipedes 2: Order Julida (Class Diplopoda)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, year = {2017}, month = {29/08/2017}, pages = {1-299}, type = {Monograph}, abstract = {

For each of the 593 species of the millipede order Julida known from Europe, available information on taxonomy, distribution and habitat is summarized, and the distribution in 50 \× 50 km UTM squares is shown on a map.

Recommended citation: Kime, R. D. \& H. Enghoff (2017): Atlas of European millipedes 2: Order Julida (Class Diplopoda). European Journal of Taxonomy, 346: 1-299. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.346

}, keywords = {distribution, faunistics, map, Taxonomy, UTM}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.346}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/471}, author = {Kime, Richard Desmond and Enghoff, Henrik} } @book {1837, title = {Atlas of European Millipedes (Class Diplopoda). Volume 1. Orders Polyxenida, Glomerida, Platydesmida, Siphonocryptida, Polyzoniida, Callipodida, Polydesmida}, series = {Fauna Europeaea Evertebrata}, volume = {1}, year = {2011}, pages = {282}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, organization = {Pensoft Publishers}, address = {Sofia}, abstract = {

This is the first in a series of three books which will, for the first time ever, show the distribution of Europe\’s more than 1500 species of millipedes on 50 X 50 km square maps. The present volume includes 492 species, including the tiny, beautiful pincushion millipedes, the colourful pill-millipedes and the flat-backed millipedes. The millipede atlas is the result of many years\’ meticulous accumulation of records provided by a large number of contributors from all over Europe, interpretation of label data from collections, and scrutiny of old literature. The atlas builds on the taxonomic backbone provided by the Fauna Europaea project which provides information on names, synonyms and distribution by country or region of non-marine European animals.

The decision to produce a series of atlases showing the distribution of myriapods in Europe was taken by the participants at the Fourth International Congress of Myriapodology held in Gargnano in 1978 and soon after this the project received the full backing of the European Invertebrate Survey. Desmond Kime was designated to assemble the data. Much help has been received from the International Centre of Myriapodology in Paris which is acknowledged in this volume, together with the contributions of many members engaged in research in this field. Early in the 21st Century when Henrik Enghoff was playing a major role in Fauna Europaea the two authors joined forces with a view to making this millipede atlas and Fauna Europaea entirely compatible. It is hoped that this atlas will both stimulate and be a foundation for further studies. In several European countries the distribution and often the ecological requirements of millipedes are quite well understood but in many regions the information is fragmentary, the maps revealing where much remains to be done. There are undoubtedly many more species to discover. As a result of the work already undertaken it has become apparent that millipedes are very good bioindicators, being slow-moving and having particular habitat requirements which are helpful in biogeographical and evolutionary studies.

Recommended citation: Kime, R. D. \& H. Enghoff (2011): Atlas of European Millipedes (Class Diplopoda). Volume 1. Orders Polyxenida, Glomerida, Platydesmida, Siphonocryptida, Polyzoniida, Callipodida, Polydesmida. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, 282 pp. ISBN-13: 9789546425782. ISBN-10: 9546425788. https://books.pensoft.net/books/12358

Publication date: 06/2011

}, issn = {9789546425782, 9546425788}, url = {https://books.pensoft.net/books/12358}, author = {Kime, Richard Desmond and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {1786, title = {Two new millipede species of the genus Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha \& Backeljau, 2020 (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pseudospirobolellidae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {1128}, year = {2022}, month = {09/11/2022}, pages = {171-190}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Two new millipede species of the genus Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha \& Backeljau, 2020 from Thailand are described: Coxobolellus saratani sp. nov. from Loei Province and Coxobolellus serratoligulatus sp. nov. from Uttaradit Province. The descriptions are based on gonopod morphology and two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA). The phylogenetic mtDNA analysis assigned the two new species unequivocally to the consistently well-supported Coxobolellus clade, in which they form a fifth subclade that was well supported by maximum likelihood analysis of 16S rRNA, though neither by Bayesian inference nor by COI. The two new Coxobolellus species share four conspicuous gonopodal synapomorphies of the genus: (1) the protruding process on the coxae of the 3rd (and sometimes 4th) pair of male legs, (2) a large, triangular coxae on the 4th\–5th pair of legs, (3) a short process of the preanal ring protruding as far as, or slightly beyond, the anal valves, and (4) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, with a conspicuous pore opening at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the two new species provide further evidence of the well-defined monophyly of the genus Coxobolellus. Finally, the paper provides an updated morphological identification key to all currently described Coxobolellus species.

}, keywords = {DNA barcode, gonopod morphology, identification key, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {1313-2970, 1313-2989}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1128.94242}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/94242/}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Backeljau, Thierry} } @article {1785, title = {A new genus of Pseudospirobolellidae (Diplopoda, Spirobolida) from limestone karst areas in Thailand, with descriptions of three new species}, journal = {Zoosystematics and Evolution}, volume = {98}, year = {2022}, month = {19/08/2022}, pages = {313-326}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

A new genus of the millipede family Pseudospirobolellidae, Siliquobolellus gen. nov., is described from limestone mountains in Thailand, based on three new species, viz. Siliquobolellus amicusdraconis gen. et sp. nov. from Uthaithani Province, Siliquobolellus constrictus gen. et sp. nov. from Prachuap Khiri Khan Province and Siliquobolellus prasankokae gen. et sp. nov. (type species) from Lampang Province. The descriptions are based on gonopod morphology and mitochondrial DNA data (COI barcodes). The COI barcodes grouped the three new species in a well-supported Siliquobolellus gen. nov. clade. The mean interspecific COI sequence divergence among the three new species was 12\% (range: 8\–15\%). The mean intergeneric COI sequence divergence between Siliquobolellus gen. nov., Coxobolellus Pimvichai, Enghoff, Panha \& Backeljau, 2020, and Pseudospirobolellus Carl, 1912 was 19\% (range: 14\–23\%). Three conspicuous gonopodal synapomorphies differentiate Siliquobolellus gen. nov. from other pseudospirobollellid genera: (1) the telopodital part of the posterior gonopod forms a deep concavity, (2) the telopodite of the anterior gonopod is directed distad and does not reach the tip of the coxal part of the anterior gonopod, and (3) the tip of the anterior gonopod coxa is narrowed, curving mesad. As such, the monophyly of the new genus is well supported by both morphological and mitochondrial DNA data. A distribution map and an identification key to the species are provided.

}, keywords = {COI, Gonopod, monophyly, synapomorphy}, issn = {1860-0743, 1435-1935}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.90032}, url = {https://zse.pensoft.net/article/90032/}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak and Backeljau, Thierry} } @article {1784, title = {Redescription of the giant Southeast Asian millipede Spirobolus macrurus Pocock, 1893 and its assignment to the new genus Macrurobolus gen. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {1087}, year = {2022}, month = {22/02/2022}, pages = {1-18}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

A new genus of the millipede family Pachybolidae from Southeast Asia is described: Macrurobolus gen. nov., with Spirobolus macrurus Pocock, 1893 as type species. This latter species is DNA barcoded (COI) and redescribed based on male morphological characters, which hitherto were unknown. The new genus differs from other pachybolid genera by having (1) the preanal ring process long and protruding beyond the anal valves and (2) the anterior gonopod telopodite distally abruptly narrowed, forming an extremely long, slender, elevated process curved caudad. Given that Macrurobolus gen. nov. is a monotypic genus, it is aphyletic and thus requires further taxonomic revision.

}, keywords = {Aphyly, Myanmar, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {1313-2970, 1313-2989}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1087.71280}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/71280/}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Backeljau, Thierry} } @article {1782, title = {Morphological and mitochondrial DNA data reshuffle the taxonomy of the genera Atopochetus Attems, Litostrophus Chamberlin and Tonkinbolus Verhoeff (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae), with descriptions of nine new species}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {32}, year = {2018}, month = {01/02/2018}, pages = {159-195}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Species-level taxonomy and phylogeny of two genera of South-East (SE) Asian pachybolid millipedes are analysed with a combination of morphological characters and DNA sequences (two mitochondrial gene fragments: COI and 16S rRNA). Strong support is found for the genera Litostrophus Chamberlin, 1921 and Atopochetus Attems, 1953 and for a clade consisting of Litostrophus + Atopochetus. Four species of Litostrophus are recognised and (re)described: L. segregatus Chamberlin, 1921 (type species of the genus), L. scaber (Verhoeff, 1938), comb. nov., L. chamaeleon, sp. nov. and L. saraburensis, sp. nov. The genus Tonkinbolus Verhoeff, 1938 (type species T. scaber Verhoeff, 1938) is synonymised under Litostrophus. Atopochetus (type species A. rubropunctatus Attems, 1953), hitherto considered a dubious synonym of Aulacobolus Pocock, 1903, is re-instated for several species until now placed in Tonkinbolus and seven new species. All in all, 10 species of Atopochetus are (re)described: A. dollfusii (Pocock, 1893) (= Aulacobolus rubropunctatus Attems, 1938, syn. nov.), A. moulmeinensis (Pocock, 1893), A. sumatranus (Carl, 1906) (= Trachelomegalus laciniatus Attems, 1937, syn. nov.), A. anaticeps, sp. nov., A. helix, sp. nov., A. setiferus, sp. nov., A. spinimargo, sp. nov., A. truncatus, sp. nov., A. uncinatus, sp. nov. and A. weseneri, sp. nov. Three species recently included in Tonkinbolus are left incertae sedis because they are based exclusively on female type specimens: Spirobolus capucinus Porat, 1896, S. caudulanus Karsch, 1881 and S. macrurus Pocock, 1893. The results of the DNA analysis (COI and 16S rRNA) are congruent with morphological (gonopodal) characters in terms of delimitation of species of Litostrophus and Atopochetus. This is the first DNA study of SE Asian Pachybolidae and as such it provides a basis for further evolutionary and biogeographic studies of SE Asian millipedes.

}, keywords = {mitochondrial DNA, new species, phylogeny, South-East Asia, species delimitation}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17052}, url = {https://www.publish.csiro.au/is/IS17052}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak and Backeljau, Thierry} } @article {1781, title = {A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part V: Nine new species of the extended opinatus subgroup, based on morphological and DNA sequence data (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, volume = {199}, year = {2016}, month = {24/05/2016}, pages = {1-37}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

The Thyropygus opinatus subgroup (Diplopoda: Harpagophoridae) of the T. allevatus group in Thailand is revised. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequence data, it is merged with the T. bifurcus subgroup to form an extended T. opinatus subgroup. Nine new species are described: Thyropygus cimi sp. nov. and T. forceps sp. nov. from Nakhonsrithammarat Province, T. culter sp. nov., T. planispina sp. nov., T. undulatus sp. nov. and T. ursus sp. nov. from Krabi Province, T. mesocristatus sp. nov. from Songkhla Province, T. navychula sp. nov. from Phang-Nga Province and T. sutchariti sp. nov. from Phetchaburi Province.

}, keywords = {DNA barcoding, millipedes, new species, phylogeny, Thailand}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.199}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/322}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak and Backeljau, Thierry} } @article {1780, title = {Molecular phylogeny of the Thyropygus allevatus group of giant millipedes and some closely related groups.}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {71}, year = {2013}, month = {20/11/2013}, pages = {170-183}, abstract = {

Giant cylindrical millipedes of the family Harpagophoridae, especially species of the genus Thyropygus, are broadly distributed in Thailand and nearby countries. They show a great deal of variation in body size, color patterns and gonopodal characters. Phylogenetic analyses of 26 nominate species from six genera in the subfamilies Harpagophorinae and Rhynchoproctinae, as well as nine new morphotypes (regarded as new species), were performed with the DNA sequences from two mitochondrial gene fragments (16S rRNA and COI). The genus Thyropygus (Harpagophorinae) was recovered as monophyletic under all analyses, whilst the representatives of Rhynchoproctinae also formed a monophyletic group. However, the analyses suggested that the tribe Gonoplectini should be elevated to a separate subfamily, Gonoplectinae. The molecular analyses were largely (but not totally) congruent with, and so supported the usefulness of, gonopodal characters for the classification and identification of harpagophorid millipedes, and additionally supported previous studies on the delimitation of species and subgroups. This is the first molecular study inside the family Harpagophoridae and provides the basis for further studies of the evolutionary processes and biogeographic patterns of millipedes in Southeast Asia.

}, keywords = {endemism, Geographical isolation, mitochondrial DNA, phylogeny, Southeast Asia, sympatry}, issn = {1095-9513}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.006}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790313004181}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1779, title = {Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3484}, year = {2012}, month = {14/09/2012}, pages = {35-52}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, currently classified in the scolopendrid subfamily Otostigminae and tribe Sterropristini, is revised. The monotypic genus Malaccolabis Verhoeff, 1937, is synonymized with Sterropristes. Sterropristes sarasinorum Attems, 1934 from Tomohon, Celebes, Indonesia (type species of Sterropristes) and S. metallicus (Verhoeff, 1937) from Penang Hill, Penang, Malaysia (type species of Malaccolabis) are redescribed based on their type material, together with newly collected topotypes of S. metallicus. Sterropristes violaceus Muadsub and Panha n. sp., found under leaves on islands in the Andaman Sea, south-western Thailand, is described.

}, keywords = {Malaysia, morphology, Myriapoda, systematics, Taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3484.1.2}, author = {Muadsub, Sawitree and Sutcharit, Chirasak and Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Edgecombe, Gregory D. and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1778, title = {A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 4: the T. cuisinieri subgroup (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2980}, year = {2011}, month = {29/07/2011}, pages = {37-48}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The Thyropygus cuisinieri subgroup of the T. allevatus group is revised. A new species is described from Thailand: T. jarukchusri n. sp. The following species are re-described: T. cuisinieri Carl, 1917, T. carli Attems, 1938, and T. foliaceus (Demange, 1961), new status (elevated from subspecies status under T. cuisinieri).

}, keywords = {millipede, new species, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2980.1.3}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2980.1.3}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1777, title = {A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 3: the T. induratus subgroup (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2941}, year = {2011}, month = {06/07/2011}, pages = {47-68}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The Thyropygus induratus subgroup of the T. allevatus group is revised. Three new species are described from Thailand: T. dormiens n. sp., T. laterolobatus n. sp. and T. macrosiamensis n. sp. The following species are redescribed and re-elevated from subspecies status under T. allevatus (Karsch, 1881): Thyropygus induratus Attems, 1936 (= T. punctatus Attems, 1938, new synonym), Thyropygus quietus Attems, 1938, Thyropygus resimus Attems, 1938, and Thyropygus uncinatus (Demange, 1961). Thyropygus siamensis Verhoeff, 1938 (= Thyropisthus ligulus Demange, 1961, new synonym), is re-described. A case of species with identical gonopods but very different body size (T. induratus and T. quietus) is discussed.

}, keywords = {millipede, new species, size difference, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2941.1.3}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2941.1.3}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1776, title = {The Rhynchoproctinae, a south-east Asiatic subfamily of giant millipedes: cladistic analysis, classification, four new genera and a deviating new species from north-west Thailand (Diplopoda : Spirostreptida : Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {24}, year = {2010}, month = {17/05/2010}, pages = {51-80}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

The subfamily Rhynchoproctinae is revised at the generic level. Four new genera and a remarkable new species are described: Alienostreptus, gen. nov. from Vietnam, Armatostreptus, gen. nov., Heptischius, gen. nov., and Heptischius lactuca, sp. nov. from Thailand, and Prominulostreptus, gen. nov. from China. Agaricogonopus Zhang \& Zhang, 1997, is removed from synonymy with Junceustreptus Demange, 1961. All 14 genera of the subfamily share three diagnostic gonopodal characters: the posterior surface of the anterior coxal fold forms a deep concavity, there is a mesal flap on the gonopod coxa, and the posterior coxal fold is very low. A cladistic analysis based on morphological data supports monophyly of Rhynchoproctinae and the distincness of the newly described genera. A dichotomous key to the genera is included.

}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/IS09052}, url = {https://www.publish.csiro.au/is/is09052}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1775, title = {A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 2: the T. bifurcus subgroup (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2165}, year = {2009}, month = {22/07/2009}, pages = {1-15}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The Thyropygus bifurcus subgroup of the T. allevatus group is revised. Four new species are described from Thailand: T. demangei n. sp., T. quadricuspis n. sp., T. richardhoffmani n. sp., from Trang province and T. casjeekeli n. sp., from Krabi province. The other species of the T. bifurcus subgroup, viz., T. bifurcus (Demange, 1986), and T. enghoffi (Demange, 1989), are redescribed.

}, keywords = {millipede, new species, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2165.1.1}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2165.1.1}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1774, title = {A revision of the Thyropygus allevatus group. Part 1: the T. opinatus subgroup (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2016}, year = {2009}, month = {20/02/2009}, pages = {17-50}, type = {Article}, abstract = {

The Thyropygus opinatus subgroup of the T. allevatus group is revised. The T. opinatus subgroup corresponds to the genus Cornugonus Demange, 1961, which is formally synonymized under Thyropygus. Eight new species are described from Thailand: T. bearti n. sp., T. brachyacanthus n. sp., T. loxia n. sp., from Suratthani province, T. bispinus n. sp., from Uthaithani and Phrae provinces, T. bispinispatula n. sp., from Chumphon province, T. chelatus n. sp., from Nakhonsrithammarat province, T. cristagalli n. sp., from Phang Nga province and T. erectus n. sp., from Satun province. The other species of the T. opinatus subgroup, viz., T. opinatus (Karsch, 1881), n. comb., T. floweri (Demange, 1961), n. comb., T. implicatus (Demange, 1961), n. comb., and T. inflexus (Demange, 1989), n. comb., are redescribed. New records are given for T. opinatus, T. implicatus and T. floweri. The type locality of T. floweri is shown to be in Thailand rather than Malaysia.

}, keywords = {millipede, new species, Taxonomy, Thailand}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2016.1.2}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2016.1.2}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak} } @article {1745, title = {Checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Tanzania}, journal = {Journal of East African Natural History}, volume = {105}, year = {2016}, pages = {51-113}, abstract = {

A checklist of millipedes (Diplopoda) known to occur in Tanzania is given. Based on\ all available literature and abundant hitherto unpublished material, 296 species of\ millipedes are recorded, including seven species never before recorded from the\ country, viz., Helicochetus digititarsus Kraus, 1957, Helicochetus gregorii (Pocock,\ 1896), Geotypodon intermedius (Carl, 1909), Plethocrossus nairobinus Attems, 1914,\ Lophostreptus bicolor Carl, 1909, Oreiadessa diana Hoffman, 1990, and\ Chondromorpha xanthotricha (Attems, 1898). Eight species erroneously recorded\ from Tanzania are excluded from the list. A few records from Kenya and Uganda are\ also given, including the first record of Otostreptus gilvitarsus (Attems, 1914) from\ Kenya. A historical account of millipede collecting in Tanzania is included.

}, keywords = {collecting, endemism, SPECIES}, issn = {0012-8317, 0012-8317}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2982/028.105.0103}, url = {https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jeanh/article/view/139671}, author = {Enghoff, Henrik and Hoffman, Richard L. and Howell, Kim M.} } @article {1620, title = {On some surface structures of potential taxonomic importance in families of the suborders Polydesmidea and Dalodesmidea (Polydesmida, Diplopoda)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {156}, year = {2011}, month = {20/12/2011}, pages = {1-24}, abstract = {

Surface structures have rarely been the subject of a comprehensive study in Polydesmida despite their tremendous variety within this order. A number of these peripheral structures are here studied in most families of the suborders Polydesmidea and Dalodesmidea (sensu Hoffman 1980), using scanning electron microscopy. An illustrated description of the surface sculpture of the prozonite, the limbus and the intercalary cuticular micro-scutes on the metazonite is given for the first time for the studied families, together with an account of some other poorly known surface structures. Taken together, these characters allow us to recognize two main groupings of families. The families Ammodesmidae, Cryptodesmidae, Cyrtodesmidae, Haplodesmidae, Oniscodesmidae and Pyrgodesmidae have knobs on the posterior part of the prozonites, a toothed to lobed limbus, and no micro-scutes on the metazonites, wheras the families Fuhrmannodesmidae, Polydesmidae, Dalodesmidae, Macrosternodesmidae, Nearctodesmidae, Opisotretidae and Trichopolydesmidae have no knobs on the posterior part of the prozonites, a spiky or reduced limbus, and intercalary micro-scutes on the metazonites. The results are complemented with literature records and compared with current taxonomic and phylogenetic interpretations of the group.

}, keywords = {cuticular micro-scutes, limbus, metazonital outgrowth, ozopore, prozonite, surface microsculpture, Taxonomy}, issn = {1313-2970, 1313-2989}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2134}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2259}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {1598, title = {First continental troglobiont Cylindroiulus millipede (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {795}, year = {2018}, month = {08/11/2018}, pages = {93-103}, abstract = {

The new species of millipede Cylindroiulus villumi is described from a cave in the Estremenho karst massif in central Portugal. It is the first cave-adapted species of its genus with a strict subterranean life-style in continental Europe, and is the fifth blind species of the genus. The new species is illustrated with photographs and diagrammatic drawings. It is tentatively placed in the purely Iberian Cylindroiulus perforatus-group. The differences between the new species and its relatives are discussed, as well as its adaptations to a subterranean life-style.

}, keywords = {Cave fauna, Julida, Karst, Portugal, troglobiont}, issn = {1313-2970, 1313-2989}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.795.27619}, url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=27619}, author = {Reboleira, Ana Sofia P.S. and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {1597, title = {Cylindroiulus mitta n.sp., a new Tunisian millipede (Diplopoda, Julida: Julidae) and notes on the Cylindroiulus distinctus group}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1768}, year = {2008}, month = {14/05/2008}, pages = {61{\textendash}68}, abstract = {

Abstract: Cylindroiulus mitta n.sp. is described from Cap Bon, northeastern Tunisia, and its assignment to the North African C. distinctus group is discussed. Descriptions of the female vulvae of other group members are presented, as well as illustrations of gonopods and vulvae of further Cylindroiulus species from Tunisia.

R\ésum\é: Cylindroiulus mitta n. sp. est d\écrit de la r\égion du Cap Bon, nord-est de Tunisie et son appartenance au groupe Nord africain C. distinctus est discut\ée. Des descriptions des vulves de femelles des autres esp\èces du groupe sont ici pr\ésent\ées ainsi que des illustrations des gonopodes et des vulves d\’autres esp\èces du genre Cylindroiulus de Tunisie.

}, keywords = {North Africa, Taxonomy, Tunisia}, issn = {1175-5334, 1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1768.1.4}, url = {https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.1768.1.4}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {reboleira2021penetrative, title = {Penetrative and non-penetrative interaction between Laboulbeniales fungi and their arthropod hosts}, journal = {Scientific reports}, volume = {11}, year = {2021}, month = {12/11/2021}, pages = {1{\textendash}7}, abstract = {

Laboulbeniales are a highly specialized group of fungi living only on arthropods. They have high host specificity and spend their entire life-cycle on an arthropod host. Taxonomic characters of Laboulbeniales are based on the architecture of the cells of the parenchymal thallus, i.e. the visible part of the fungus outside the host. The extent of the fungus spreading inside the host\—the haustorium\—remains largely unknown. The attachment to the arthropod host is fundamental to understand the fungus-animal interaction, but how this truly occurs is unclear. Recent evidences question the strictly parasitic life-style of Laboulbeniales. We used micro-computed tomography (\µCT) and 3D reconstructions to visualize, for the first time, the complete structure of Laboulbeniales species in situ on their hosts. We compared the haustoriate species, Arthrorhynchus nycteribiae on an insect host to the non-haustoriate species, Rickia gigas on a millipede host. Our results confirm that some Laboulbeniales species are ectoparasitic and have a haustorial structure that penetrates the host\’s cuticle, while others are ectobionts and are only firmly attached to the host\’s cuticle without penetrating it. The presence and the morphology of the haustorium are important traits for Laboulbeniales evolution, and key factors for future understanding of host dependence and specificity.

}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01729-x}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-01729-x}, author = {Reboleira, Ana Sofia PS and Moritz, Leif and Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {1416, title = {Integrative description of new giant pill-millipedes from southern Thailand (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, volume = {762}, year = {2021}, month = {11/08/2021}, pages = {108-132}, abstract = {

Two new species of giant pill-millipedes, Zephronia viridisoma Rosenmejer \& Wesener sp. nov. and Sphaerobelum aesculus Rosenmejer \& Wesener sp. nov., are described based on museum samples from southern Thailand. Zephronia viridisoma sp.\ nov. comes from Khao Lak, while the type locality of S. aesculus sp.\ nov. is on Phuket Island. Both species are described integratively, combining light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, multi-layer photography, micro-CT scans and genetic barcoding. Genetic barcoding was successfully conducted for holotypes of both new species, which could be added to a dataset of all published sequences of the family Zephroniidae, including all described species from Thailand, Laos and Cambodia up to 2020. Genetic barcoding of the COI gene revealed another female of S. aesculus sp.\ nov., 160 km east of the type locality. Both new species are genetically distant from all other Zephroniidae from Thailand and surrounding countries, showing uncorrected p-distances of 16.8\–23.1\%. A virtual cybertype of a paratype of Z. viridisoma sp.\ nov. was created and made publically accessible.

}, keywords = {biodiversity, CT scan, cybertype, DNA barcoding, Soil fauna}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2021.762.1457}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1457}, author = {Rosenmejer, Trine and Enghoff, Henrik and Moritz, Leif and Wesener, Thomas} } @article {1351, title = {Daily Activities of the Giant Pill-Millipede Zephronia cf. viridescens Attems, 1936 (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Zephroniidae) in a Deciduous Forest in Northern Thailand}, journal = {Zoological Studies}, year = {2012}, month = {01/2012}, author = {Wongthamwanich, Nattarin and Panha, Somsak and Sitthicharoenchai, Duangkhae and Pradatsundarasar, Art-Ong and Seelanan, Tosak and Enghoff, Henrik and Thirakhupt, Kumthorn} } @article {1082, title = {A new giant species of the millipede genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909 from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4950}, year = {2021}, month = {31/03/2021}, pages = {561-570}, abstract = {

A new large species of the millipede genus Prionopetalum Attems, 1909, P. nessiae sp. nov. from Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, is described, with SEM imaging and illustrations of relevant taxonomic characters, and mapped. Comments on the significance of sternum 9 in descriptions of Odontopygidae, and on the intrageneric differences in Prionopetalum, are included.

}, keywords = {new character, new species, Taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4950.3.8}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4950.3.8}, author = {Rosenmejer, Trine and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {898, title = {Pachybolini {\textendash} a tribe of giant Afrotropical millipedes: arguments for monophyly and the description of a new genus from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Pachybolidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, month = {18/03/2008}, pages = {37-53}, abstract = {

Madabolus, gen. nov. is described to accommodate M. maximus, sp. nov. (type species) from several localities in western Madagascar. A phylogenetic analysis of 26 spirobolidan taxa, based on morphological characters, places Madabolus, gen. nov. with the Afrotropical genera Pelmatojulus de Saussure, 1860; Pachybolus Cook, 1897; Hadrobolus Cook, 1897 and Epibolus Cook, 1897. The tribe Pachybolini is proposed to include Madabolus, gen. nov. and the four abovementioned genera. Putative autapomorphies of Pachybolini are: a closed incisura lateralis; setae of gnathochilarial lamella lingualis apical; vulva kidney- or crescent-shaped, with valves meeting in a sinuous fissure and crest protruding. Within Pachybolini, Pelmatojulus (West Africa) stands out by virtue of an increased number of apical antennal sensory cones, with great probability an apomorphy. Madabolus, gen. nov. and east African genera of the tribe share another potential synapomorphy, namely, an increased number of setae on the gnathochilarial lamellae linguales. Other Malagasy genera of Pachybolidae do not seem to be related to Afrotropical genera.

}, keywords = {biogeography, Madabolus, morphology, phylogeny, Taxonomy}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {10.1071/IS07008}, url = {http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS07008}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Enghoff, Henrik and W{\"a}gele, Johann-Wolfgang} } @article {893, title = {A mountain of millipedes IX: Species of the family Gomphodesmidae from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, year = {2020}, month = {29/06/2020}, pages = {1-35}, abstract = {

A new genus and six new species of the family Gomphodesmidae from the Udzungwa Mts are described, including Pogoro alopias Rosenmejer \& Enghoff sp. nov., Pogoro siren Rosenmejer \& Enghoff sp. nov., Pogoropsis prolixopes Rosenmejer \& Enghoff gen. et sp. nov., Emphysemastix frampt Olsen \& Enghoff sp. nov., Agrophogonus hamulus Olsen \& Enghoff sp. nov., and Agrophogonus pusillokiellandi Olsen \& Enghoff sp. nov. Emphysemastix dracarys Olsen \& Enghoff sp. nov. from Iringa city is described. Descriptive notes are given for Pogoro scharffi Hoffman, 2005, and Agrophogonus mwanihana Hoffmann, 2005. General gomphodesmid gonopod morphology is described and illustrated. A key to Udzungwa gomphodesmids is presented, as well as revised keys to all species of Emphysemastix and Agrophogonus. All gomphodesmid species from the Udzungwa Mts are mapped.

}, keywords = {Eastern Arc Mountains, key, new species, Taxonomy}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2020.675}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1005}, author = {Olsen, Sissel Anna and Rosenmejer, Trine and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {892, title = {A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited {\textendash} a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, year = {2020}, month = {14/04/2020}, pages = {1-32}, abstract = {

Full title: A mountain of millipedes VIII. The genus Aquattuor Frederiksen, 2013 revisited \– a new species from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, another from the Nguru Mts and introduction of the first pair of male legs as a source of taxonomic characters (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)

A large, newly collected material of the genus Aquattuor from the Udzungwa Mts, Tanzania, has been studied. Two new species are described, viz., A. mollilobus sp. nov. from the Udzungwa Mts and A. nguruensis sp. nov. from the Nguru Mts, Tanzania. Aquattuor claudiahempae Enghoff \& Frederiksen, 2015, is recorded as new for the Udzungwa fauna. Characters from the first pair of male legs are illustrated for all Aquattuor species and are shown to be useful for species discrimination. A new gonopodal difference between A. submajor Enghoff, 2015 and A. udzungwensis Enghoff, 2015 is described and illustrated. Intrageneric relationships and distribution patterns are discussed. A distribution map and a key to all Aquattuor species are presented.

}, keywords = {Eastern Arc, identification key, new species, Taxonomy}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2020.626}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/901}, author = {Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {891, title = {A strikingly coloured new giant millipede from Vietnam has copycat in Borneo (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Harpagophoridae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, volume = {722}, year = {2020}, month = {20/10/2020}, pages = {1-15}, abstract = {

A new giant species of the subfamily Rhynchoproctinae with strikingly bi-coloured, red-yellow legs contrasting with a black body is described: Alienostreptus bicoloripes sp. nov. from Vietnam. The new species is assigned to the genus Alienostreptus Pimvichai, Enghoff \& Panha, 2010 hitherto comprising one species, A. alienus (Attems, 1936), and differing from other rhynchoproctine genera by having the femoral spine duplicated. Species of this genus share three synapomorphic characters of the subfamily, viz (1) anterior coxal fold forms deep concavity in posterior view, (2) posterior coxal fold very low, and (3) posterior coxal fold with mesal flap. A superficially very similar colourful species from Borneo, also with bi-coloured legs but clearly not belonging to Alienostreptus due to the position of ventral soft pads on male legs, is documented based on photographs.

}, keywords = {new species, Southeast Asia, Taxonomy}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2020.722.1129}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/1129}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Akkari, Nesrine and Semenyuk, Irina and Constant, Jer{\^o}me and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {890, title = {Phylogenetic placement of the monotypic genus Holopodostreptus Carl, 1913 and notes on the systematics of Pseudonannolenidae (Spirostreptida: Cambalidea)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {34}, year = {2020}, month = {14/08/2020}, pages = {661-677}, abstract = {

The genus Holopodostreptus Carl, 1913 is a poorly known monotypic genus endemic to Ecuador. It differs from most other Pseudonannolenidae by a set of characteristics of the gnathochilarium and gonopods. Herein, we provide descriptive notes of males of H. braueri Carl, 1913 based on recently collected material. Females of the species are described for the first time, and images of the vulvae are provided. In addition, we attempt for the first time to place Holopodostreptus in a phylogenetic context. With a total of 14 taxa and 41 morphological characters, and under implied weighting (k = 6), a single most-parsimonious tree is recovered (total fit = 35.86). The genus is recovered as sister-group of Physiostreptus Silvestri, 1903. The clade Holopodostreptus + Physiostreptus is supported by one synapomorphy (absence of setae on the prefemoral process of leg-pair 1 in males) and one homoplastic transformation (narrow telopodite). Based on the phylogenetic results, notes on the subfamilies Pseudonannoleninae, Cambalomminae and Physiostreptinae and a key for all pseudonannolenid genera are provided.

}, keywords = {Colombia, Diplopoda, Ecuador, Haiti, West Indies}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {10.1071/IS20012}, url = {http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS20012}, author = {Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti and Enghoff, Henrik and Brescovit, Antonio D. and Bouzan, Rodrigo S.} } @article {852, title = {Integrative taxonomy of the new millipede genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Pseudospirobolellidae), with descriptions of ten new species}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {34}, year = {2020}, month = {14/08/2020}, pages = {591-617}, abstract = {

Pseudospirobolellidae is a poorly known family of spirobolidan millipedes with only two genera and five described species. Yet, the descriptive taxonomy and molecular systematics of this group have been largely neglected. Therefore, the present work presents an integrative taxonomic study of new pseudospirobolellid taxa in Thailand. To this end, two mitochondrial gene fragments (COI and 16S rRNA) combined with morphological characters were used to define the genus Coxobolellus, gen. nov. with 10 new species, viz. C. albiceps, sp. nov., C. compactogonus, sp. nov., C. fuscus, sp. nov., C. nodosus, sp. nov., C. serratus, sp. nov., C. simplex, sp. nov., C. tenebris, sp. nov., C. tigris, sp. nov., C. transversalis, sp. nov. and C. valvatus, sp. nov. The interspecific COI sequence divergences among the new species ranged from 6 to 15\%. The intergeneric COI sequence divergence between species of Coxobolellus, gen. nov., Benoitolus birgitae and Pseudospirobolellus sp. ranged from 20 to 23\%. Three major morphological differences separate Coxobolellus, gen. nov. from Benoitolus and Pseudospirobolellus, namely (1) the protruding process on the 3rd (and 4th) coxae on male legs, (2) the posterior gonopod telopodite divided into two parts, and (3) a conspicuous opening pore at the mesal margin at the end of the coxal part of the posterior gonopod. Thus, the new genus is well supported by both mtDNA and morphological evidence, while the delimitation of the 10 new species is supported by the congruence between mtDNA and morphological data. Yet, with respect to the relationships of Benoitolus birgitae, morphological data suggest a similarity with Coxobolellus, gen. nov. and Pseudospirobolellus, whereas mtDNA data place this species in the Pachybolidae. Further phylogenetic analyses are needed to explore this apparent incongruence and test the monophyly of Pseudospirobolellidae.

}, keywords = {mitochondrial DNA, new genus, phylogeny, species delineation}, issn = {1445-5226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1071/IS20031}, url = {https://www.publish.csiro.au/is/IS20031}, author = {Pimvichai, Piyatida and Enghoff, Henrik and Panha, Somsak and Backeljau, Thierry} } @article {843, title = {The first blind spirostreptid millipede, found in a cave in Morocco; with notes on the genus Odontostreptus Attems, 1914 (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, year = {2020}, month = {17/06/2020}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {

The first eyeless species of the suborder Spirostreptidea, Odontostreptus fadriquei sp. nov., is described from a cave in Morocco. The new species, which exhibits some troglomorphic traits, is compared with the highly variable O. maroccanus (Attems, 1914) of which new material is presented.

}, keywords = {caves, North Africa, Taxonomy, troglobiont}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2020.668}, url = {https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/985}, author = {Enghoff, Henrik and Reboleira, Ana Sofia} } @article {828, title = {Description of the female morphology of the relict troglobiont millipede Cantabrodesmus lorioli Mauri{\`e}s 1971 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae), and new records in the deepest pit of Spain}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4895}, year = {2020}, month = {16/12/2020}, pages = {421-430}, abstract = {

The troglobiont millipede, Cantabrodesmus lorioli Mauri\ès, 1971, inhabits a few caves in a small region of Northern Spain. It is considered a relict species because of its geographical isolation compared to others in its family, and its to some extent uncertain systematic position. Cantabrodesmus lorioli has been placed in three different families, and now is considered a member of the Chelodesmidae, a family with only one other known native European representative. There are few records of this species, and almost nothing is known about its biology. The only available information on this species is the description of the male and a list of caves where it has been captured. In the present work, we provide the first description of the female morphology, illustrated by scanning electron microscopy, and a series of new records from caves in a region where it had never been captured before, including the deepest known pit in Spain, Torca del Porr\ón. The female morphology does not show many differences from that of the male, but several characters are discussed. All of the known information on the morphology of the species is used to discuss the implications for its biology and systematic position.

}, keywords = {Diplopoda, female morphology, hypogean fauna, new records, Torca del Porr{\'o}n, troglobiomorphism}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.7}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4895.3.7}, author = {Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Noriega Aguinaga, Jos{\'e} A. and Enghoff, Henrik} } @article {812, title = {Segmentation of the millipede trunk as suggested by a homeotic mutant with six extra pairs of gonopods}, journal = {Frontiers in Zoology}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1742-9994-11-6.pdf}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Enghoff, Henrik and Minelli, Alessandro} } @article {813, title = {A New Dimension in Documenting New Species: High-Detail Imaging for Myriapod Taxonomy and First 3D Cybertype of a New Millipede Species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {10}, number = {8}, year = {2015}, month = {2015-8-26}, pages = {e0135243}, isbn = {1932-6203}, url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135243}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Enghoff, Henrik and Metscher, Brian D.}, editor = {Evans, Alistair Robert} } @article {814, title = {Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Juli}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {328}, year = {2013}, month = {2013-09-03}, pages = {5-45}, isbn = {1313-2970, 1313-2989}, url = {http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=3610}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Koon-Bong Cheung, David and Enghoff, Henrik and Stoev, Pavel} } @article {388, title = {Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of {\textquoteright}fire millipedes{\textquoteright} (Diplopoda)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {19}, year = {2009}, month = {04/09/2009}, pages = {1 - 128}, abstract = {

Twelve new genera and 37 new species of Spirobolida are described: Corallobolus cruentus gen. n., sp.\ n., Sanguinobolus maculosus gen. n., sp. n., Colossobolus semicyclus gen. n., sp. n., C. oblongopedus sp. n., C. giganteus sp. n., C. minor sp. n., C. litoralis sp. n., C. aculeatus sp. n., C. pseudoaculeatus sp. n., Zehntnerobolus gen. n., Flagellobolus pauliani gen. n., sp. n., Riotintobolus mandenensis gen.\ n., sp. n., R. minutus sp. n., R. aridus sp. n., R. anomalus sp. n., Pseudocentrobolus aureus gen. n., sp.\ n., P. vohibasiensis sp. n., Granitobolus endemicus gen. n., sp. n., G. andohahelensis sp. n., Caprobolus andringitra gen. n., sp. n., Alluviobolus laticlavius gen. n., sp. n., A. tsimelahy sp. n., A. antanosy sp.\ n., Ostinobolus rufus gen. n., sp.\ n., O. stellaris sp. n., O. montanus sp. n., O. subterraneus sp. n., and Hylekobolus brachiosauroides gen. n., sp. n., H. rufus sp. n., H. griseus sp. n., H. albicollaris sp. n., H. goodmani sp. n., H. montanus sp. n., H. analavelona sp. n., H. latifrons sp. n., H. andasibensis sp. n., H. marojejy sp. n., H. anjanaharibe sp.\ n. All genera and species are endemic to Madagascar. Hylekobolus belongs to the family Spirobolellidae, while all other Malagasy genera of Spirobolida belong to the Pachybolidae. Among them, only Zehntnerobolus gen.\ n. is based on a previously described species: Spirobolus rubripes de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897, whereas the remaining 11 new genera altogether contain (a total of) 37 new species. Three of the new genera are large-bodied \“fire millipedes\” (\>100 mm long) with striking red/black colour patterns. The new discoveries increase the number of endemic Malagasy genera of Spirobolida more than fivefold (from 3 to 15). The number of endemic species recorded from Madagascar has more than doubled (to 61). Body length of the new species varies greatly (between 23 and 170 mm). Keys to all Malagasy Spirobolida families, genera, as well as the newly described species, are provided. Four species, Rhinocricus collaris de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897, Spirobolus grandidieri de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897, Spirobolus olympiaceus Karsch, 1881, and Spirobolus sikorae de Saussure \& Zehntner, 1897 are only known from females and are listed as nomina dubia. Some genera occur in the dry or spiny forest as well as in the rainforest ecosystem; species, however, are restricted to a single habitat type. In the rainforest, up to six different genera were collected in the same individual forest. Numerous genera are adapted to a special ecological niche. A high proportion of species are microendemic, often to some tiny, highly endangered forests. Of special conservation concern are the species which occur only in Analavelona, Ambatotsirongorongo, the subhumid, globally unique littoral forest of Petriky and the littoral rainforests of Mandena and Sainte Luce.

}, keywords = {biogeography, endemism, Madagascar, millipedes, niche separation, Spirobolida}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.19.221}, url = {http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=2037}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Enghoff, Henrik and Sierwald, Petra} } @article {355, title = {Laboulbeniales on millipedes: the genera Diplopodomyces and Troglomyces}, journal = {Mycologia}, volume = {106}, year = {2014}, month = {19/09/2014}, pages = {1027-1038}, abstract = {

The genera Diplopodomyces and Troglomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) parasitizing millipedes (Diplopoda) are reviewed. We describe four new species: D. lusitanipodos parasitic on Lusitanipus from Portugal and on Cyphocallipus from Spain, D. veneris on Lusitanipus from Portugal, T. botryandrus on Leptoiulus from Italy and T. rossii on Ophyiulus, Leptoiulus and Typhloiulus from Italy. Diplopodomyces veneris is a dimorphic species, with different morphotypes growing on the male copulatory organs and on the surroundings of the female gonopore respectively. The type species of both genera also have been studied, their descriptions are revised and a neotype for T. manfrediae is designated. New records from Italy are given for D. callipodos and T. manfrediae.

}, keywords = {Ascomycota, caves, Iberian Peninsula, Italy, parasitic fungi}, issn = {0027-5514}, doi = {10.3852/13-381}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3852/13-381https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3852/13-381}, author = {Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi and Enghoff, Henrik and Reboleira, Ana Sofia P.S.} } @article {354, title = {Infectious intimacy and contaminated caves{\textemdash}three new species of ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) from blaniulid millipedes (Diplopoda: Julida) and inferences about their transmittal mechanisms}, journal = {Organisms Diversity \& Evolution}, volume = {15}, year = {2015}, month = {22/03/2015}, pages = {249-263}, abstract = {

Laboulbeniales is an order of more than 2000 species of small ascomycete fungi which are ectoparasites of insects, millipedes and mites. They are often highly host-specific and often are also highly specific with regard to which body parts they infect. Laboulbeniales from millipedes are particularly poorly known\—only 12 species have been described until now, mostly from Europe. Here, we describe the first laboulbeniaceous parasites from blaniulid millipedes: Troglomyces bilabiatus from Acipes spp., Troglomyces pusillus from Iberoiulus cavernicola Ceuca, 1967 and Troglomyces triandrus from Archiboreoiulus palidus (Brade-Birks, 1920). The generic description of Troglomyces is emended. Different types of site specificity of the three new parasites, as well as of previously described species, are explained in terms of aspects of host biology: mating behaviour and habitat. Species from epigean hosts tend to show a high degree of site specificity suggesting transfer during host copulation, whereas most species from cave hosts show no pronounced site specificity and are probably transferred via the substrate. Possible roles of host defensive secretions and parthenogenesis in relation to infection with Laboulbeniales are briefly discussed.

}, keywords = {Blaniulidae, Parasitism, Taxonomy, Troglomyces}, issn = {1439-6092}, doi = {10.1007/s13127-015-0208-8}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13127-015-0208-8}, author = {Enghoff, Henrik and Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi} } @article {353, title = {Hidden biodiversity revealed by collections-based research{\textemdash}Laboulbeniales in millipedes: genus Rickia}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {243}, year = {2016}, month = {12/01/2016}, pages = {101-127}, abstract = {

Nine new species of the genus Rickia parasitizing Diplopoda are described: R. appendicifera from Iran on Chiraziulus, R. candelabriformis from Australia and New Zealand on several Spirostreptida, R. galatheae from New Zealand on Eumastigonus, R. gigas from Tanzania on \‘Spirostreptus\’ and Archispirostreptus, R. lophophora from Tanzania on some genera of Spirostreptidae, R. obelostrepti from Tanzania on Obelostreptus, R. odontopygiidarum from Tanzania on Odontopygidae, R. platessa from Singapore and Thailand on Pachybolidae, and R. rhynchophora from Australia on Trigoniulus.\  This nearly triples the previously known number of species of Rickia species on millipedes; all 14 species are treated in this study with photomicrographs, additional observations on previously described taxa and comments. A key to these species is also provided. The Laboulbeniales species were found on millipede specimens preserved mostly at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, from samples collected between 1916 to the present.

}, keywords = {Ascomycota, Diplopoda, Julida, parasitic fungi, Spirobolida, Spirostreptida}, issn = {1179-3155}, doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.243.2.1}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.243.2.1}, author = {Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi and Enghoff, Henrik and Reboleira, Ana Sofia} } @article {352, title = {Novelty upon novelty visualized by rotational scanning electron micrographs (rSEM): Laboulbeniales on the millipede order Chordeumatida}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {13}, year = {2018}, month = {28/11/2018}, pages = {1-16}, abstract = {

Laboulbeniales are highly specific ectoparasitic fungi of arthropods (insects, millipedes, and arachnids). The first Laboulbeniales parasitizing the millipede order Chordeumatida (Diplopoda) were discovered and described as a new dioecious genus of Laboulbeniales, Thaxterimyces, to accommodate the new species T. baliensis. Also the millipede host is a new species and is described as Metopidiothrix sheari. This is the first time Laboulbeniales fungus and its millipede host are described as new together. Males of Metopidiothrix have the most extensive secondary sexual modifications in the entire class Diplopoda. Although nothing is known about the function of these modifications, the unique pattern of Laboulbeniales infection in the new millipede species is obviously related to host sexual behavior. Rotational Scanning Electron Micrographs (rSEM) are used to create a 3D comprehensive model to examine the fungal-host interaction, a more advanced visualization of the ectoparasitic fungus on its host. Laboulbeniales diversity on millipedes is still understudied, and a consistent effort is needed to unveil and understand the extent and diversity of this biological interaction. Due to their minute size and apparently non-detrimental effect on their hosts, Laboulbeniales in general have been largely ignored by mycologists and neglected by generations of entomologists. As a result a significant component of global biodiversity has been strongly underestimated, and a wealth of new discoveries is still to be made both in the field and in existing museum collections.

}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0206900}, url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206900}, author = {Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S. and Enghoff, Henrik and Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi} } @article {351, title = {New species of Troglomyces and Diplopodomyces (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) from millipedes (Diplopoda)}, journal = {European Journal of Taxonomy}, year = {2018}, month = {27/04/2018}, pages = {1-20}, abstract = {

We describe five new species of fungi of the order Laboulbeniales Lindau growing on millipedes and belonging to the genera Diplopodomyces W.Rossi\ \& Balazuc and Troglomyces S.Colla. Three new species of Diplopodomyces, viz. Diplopodomyces coronatus Santam., Enghoff\ \& Reboleira sp. nov. living on Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulicka, 1967 from Bulgarian caves, Diplopodomyces liguliphorus Santam., Enghoff\ \& Reboleira sp. nov. on an unidentified species of Spirobolida from Sri Lanka, and Diplopodomyces ramosus Santam., Enghoff\ \& Reboleira sp. nov. on Pachyiulus spp. from Turkey, Macedonia and Serbia; and two new species of Troglomyces, viz. Troglomyces dioicus Santam., Enghoff\ \& Reboleira sp. nov. on Nepalmatoiulus sp. from Myanmar, and Troglomyces tetralabiatus Santam., Enghoff\ \& Reboleira sp. nov. on Caucaseuma Strasser, 1970 and Heterocaucaseuma Anti{\'c} \& Makarov, 2016 from caves in Western Caucasus. Troglomyces dioicus sp. nov. is the first dioecious species described in the genus Troglomyces. Keys for all hitherto known species of Diplopodomyces and Troglomyces are presented, as is a discussion of the status of both genera. Additional records for Diplopodomyces lusitanipodos Santam., Enghoff\ \& Reboleira and Troglomyces manfrediae S.Colla are also included.

}, keywords = {Diplopodomyces, identification keys, Laboulbeniales, millipedes, Troglomyces}, issn = {2118-9773}, doi = {10.5852/ejt.2018.429}, url = {http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/558}, author = {Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi and Enghoff, Henrik and Reboleira, Ana Sofia P.S.} } @article {346, title = {The first Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniomycetes) from an American millipede, discovered through social media}, journal = {MycoKeys}, volume = {67}, year = {2020}, month = {14/05/2020}, pages = {45-53}, abstract = {

Laboulbeniales are highly specialized arthropod-associated fungi. The majority of the almost 2200 known species live on insects, although they also occur on other arthropod hosts. Recently, the number of Laboulbeniales associated with millipedes has increased considerably. Here we describe the first species of a Laboulbeniales fungus, Troglomyces twitteri sp. nov., from an American millipede. The new species was initially discovered on a photo of Cambala annulata (Say, 1821) from Ohio, USA, which had been shared on Twitter. A subsequent microscopic study of Cambala millipedes in museum collections in Denmark and France confirmed the discovery.

}, keywords = {animal-fungus interaction, collections-based research, Diplopoda, Laboulbeniaceae, social media}, issn = {1314-4057}, doi = {10.3897/mycokeys.67.51811}, url = {https://mycokeys.pensoft.net/article/51811/}, author = {Santamar{\'\i}a, Sergi and Enghoff, Henrik and Reboleira, Ana Sofia} } @article {79, title = {The hypogean Iberian genus Typhlopsychrosoma Mauri{\`e}s, 1982 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Vandeleumatidae): distribution map, key to species, first record in a Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) and detailed iconography of T. baeticaense (Mauri{\`e}s, 2013)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3937}, year = {2015}, month = {25/03/2015}, pages = {337-346}, abstract = {

The troglobiont millipede Typhlopsychrosoma baeticaense (Mauri\ès, 2013) is recorded in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) of two screes in the Aitana and Bernia mountains (Eastern Iberian Peninsula), far away from its known distribution area. A detailed Scanning Electron Microscopy iconography provides additional information on gonopod morphology, as well as other details such as the inconspicuous evaginations of the cuticle at the place of the eyes in the anophthalmous specimens. We present an updated distribution map and a key to species of the genus, with illustrations of the gonopods of all species described so far. The implications of the appearance of this hypogean species in an MSS are discussed.

}, keywords = {Baetic System, hypogean millipedes, superficial subterranean habitats, troglobiont}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.2.5}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3937.2.5}, author = {Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Enghoff, Henrik and Ortu{\~n}o, Vicente M.} } @article {77, title = {Hidden biodiversity in the Iberian Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS): New and poorly known species of the millipede genus Archipolydesmus Attems, 1898 (Diplopoda, Polydesmidae)}, journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology}, volume = {258}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-09-2015}, pages = {13 - 38}, abstract = {

Systematic sampling of the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) at several sites in three regions of the Iberian Peninsula has revealed two new and one very poorly known species of the genus Archipolydesmus Attems, 1898. These are the first records of Archipolydesmus in the MSS, although the genus had previously been recorded from several caves in southern Spain. Archipolydesmus foliatus sp. nov. shows inter-population variability between different mountain massifs of the province of Alicante, as well as intra-population variability at some sites; A. altibaeticus sp. nov. exclusively inhabits the MSS of the highest screes of Sierra Nevada (3000 masl) in the province of Granada, and it closely resembles Archipolydesmus maroccanus Attems, 1898; from North Africa; Archipolydesmus bedeli (Br\ölemann, 1902 )had only been re-collected once since its description, and the male, hitherto unknown, is described here.Detailed SEM documentation of the main characters of each species is provided, and a discussion on theimplications of these findings in the MSS is provided. Also, a distribution map, an updated key to species of the genus in English, and a brief review of millipedes found in the MSS are provided.

}, keywords = {Alicante mountains, Guadarrama mountains, hypogean millipedes, Sierra Nevada, subterranean fauna, superficial subterranean habitats}, issn = {0044-5231}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2015.06.001}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044523115000571}, author = {Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Enghoff, Henrik and Tinaut, Alberto and Ortu{\~n}o, Vicente M.} } @article {75, title = {Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain): a high-altitude biogeographical crossroads for millipedes (Diplopoda), with first data on its MSS fauna and description of a new species of the genus Ceratosphys Ribaut, 1920 (Chordeumatida: Opisthocheiridae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4044}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul-11-2016}, pages = {391-410}, abstract = {

Millipedes (Diplopoda), with a few notable exceptions, are poor dispersers, showing a very high degree of endemicity, not the least in mountains. The first samplings of the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum (MSS) of the higher altitudes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains (Baetic System, Southern Spain) have led to the discovery of a high number of millipedes, each of the species present showing a different degree of establishment in this subterranean environment. An update of the knowledge on the millipedes of this region, the first data of the millipede communities in the MSS and the description of Ceratosphys cryodeserti Gilgado, Mauri\ès \& Enghoff n. sp. are here provided, as well as the first data on the humidity and temperature fluctuations in the MSS of this high mountain. The new species is similar to other Baetico-Riffan species, while the only previously known congener from the region, C. soutadei Mauri\ès, 1969, has more similarities to certain Pyrenean species. Biogeographical relationships of all the captured species are also discussed.

}, keywords = {hypogean millipedes, MSS, Orophilous fauna, superficial subterranean habitats}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4044.310.11646/zootaxa.4044.3.4}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4044.3}, author = {Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Enghoff, Henrik and Tinaut, Alberto and Mauri{\`e}s, Jean-Paul and Ortu{\~n}o, Vicente M.} } @article {71, title = {A new genus and species of Haplobainosomatidae (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida) from the MSS of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, central Spain}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4347}, year = {2017}, month = {Feb-11-2018}, pages = {492-510}, abstract = {

The chordeumatidan fauna of the Iberian Peninsula is far from being well known, but recent efforts are improving that knowledge. Samplings carried out in the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel (also known as the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum) on several screes of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (central Spain) have led to the discovery of a new species of chordeumatidan millipede. This new species belongs to the family Haplobainosomatidae, which is mainly known from the northern Iberian Peninsula, and thus this is the first record of the family in central Spain. However, the extremely simple gonopods of this species are so different from all other known species of the family that it must be placed in a new genus. In this work, a complete description of the species, named as Guadarramasoma ramosae gen. \& sp. nov., with a detailed iconography based on scanning electron microscopy images is provided together with a distribution map and a brief discussion of the implications of this new finding.

}, keywords = {millipedes, new species, orobiome, Sierra de Guadarrama, Subterranean environments}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4347.310.11646/zootaxa.4347.3.4}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4347.3.4}, author = {Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Ledesma, Enrique and Enghoff, Henrik and Mauri{\`e}s, Jean-Paul and Ortu{\~n}o, Vicente M.} } @article {69, title = {Out of the dark void: Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp., a new julid from Spain (Diplopoda, Julida) with notes on some troglobiomorphic traits in millipedes}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4420}, year = {2018}, month = {May-05-2019}, pages = {415-429}, abstract = {

A new millipede species, Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp. is described from the subterranean habitat in eastern Spain, and the elongation of its antennae is discussed in relation to the habitat where it dwells. We take the occasion to discuss the elongation of appendages as a troglobiomorphic character in millipedes and shed the light on the various, sometimes controversial, hypotheses that could have led to these modifications in millipedes and other subterranean arthropods.

}, keywords = {new species, Schizophyllini, Spain, Taxonomy, troglomorphism}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4420.310.11646/zootaxa.4420.3.7}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4420.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4420.3.7https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/38811/33160}, author = {Akkari, Nesrine and Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Ortu{\~n}o, Vicente M. and Enghoff, Henrik} }