@article {199, title = {The myriapod types of Oscar Harger (Arthropoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda)}, journal = {Brimleyana}, number = {18}, year = {1993}, pages = {1{\textendash}13}, abstract = {

The type specimens of all five milliped species-Trichopetalum lunatum, T. glomeratum, T. iuloides, Iulus furcifer, and Polydesmus armatus-and one of the two centipedes, Lithobius pinetorum, authored by Oscar Harger in his only paper on myriapods and previously thought to be lost, are housed at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. From our knowledge of the itinerary of the Yale paleontological expedition of 1871, we know the type locality of T. glomeratum, I. furcifer, P. armatus, and L. pinetorum, previously stated s the \"John Day River Valley, Oregon (USA:\" is restricted to the vicinity of Canyon City, Grand County, on the western slope of the Blue Mountains. The female holotype confirms that T. glomeratum is a representative of the chordeumatoid family. Conotvlidae, and the name is assigned provisionally to Taiyutyla pending collection of a male topotype. Unidentifiable female conotylids are also reported from another area in eastern Oregon and the Snake Mountains in eastern Nevada, which suggests that the family is widespread in montane forests at high elevations in the generally arid Columbia Plateau and Basin and Range Physiographic Provinces. To facilitate future studies, I provide gonopod drawings of male syntypes for I. furcifer and P. armatus.

}, url = {https://archive.org/details/biostor-217820 }, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {156, title = {A revised, annotated, family-level classification of the Diplopoda}, journal = {Arthropoda Selecta}, volume = {11}, number = {3}, year = {2002}, pages = {187{\textendash}207}, keywords = {Classification, Diplopoda, family level}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {152, title = {A synopsis of the milliped genus Abacion Rafinesque (Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {62}, number = {5}, year = {1984}, month = {may}, pages = {980{\textendash}988}, abstract = {

The milliped genus Abacion is summarized, and tesselatum Rafinesque, lactarium (Say), magnum (Loomis), and texense (Loomis) are recognized as valid species even though a low level of gene interchange may be occurring between tesselatum and magnum in coastal Georgia and tesselatum and lactarium in Illinois. Geographic races do not appear to be developing in any species, and all other species group names are relegated to appropriate synonymies. Abacion occurs widely in the eastern half of the United States, from the Atlantic Ocean to the central Great Plains and from the Great Lakes to southern Florida and northeastern Mexico. Species ranges overlap broadly, and instances of sympatry and syntopy are common. The species are similar anatomically, and the most reliable taxonomic characters are found on the male gonopods, particularly the configurations of the coxal processes and the distal elements of the telopodites.

}, issn = {0008-4301}, doi = {10.1139/z84-137}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z84-137}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {155, title = {Revision of the milliped family Paeromopodidae, and elevation of the Aprosphylosomatinae to family status (Julida: Paeromopodoidea)}, journal = {Entomologica Scandinavica}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, year = {1994}, pages = {169{\textendash}214}, abstract = {

The family Paeromopodidae is comprised of large, agile millipeds that include the longest diplopods in the Nearctic. It is endemic to three regions in the western United States - a large, irregular area extending from the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains and the Monterey Peninsula of California to the northern Puget Sound region of Washington, a small, ovoid area in the Warner Mountains of northeastern California and the adjacent fringes of Oregon and Nevada, and an area in the northwestern interior extending from the Wallowa Mountains of northeastern Oregon to Flathead Lake, Montana. Representatives have flat, plate-like gonopods that represent the coxites; the flagellum is absent from the anterior gonopods and the telopodite is lost from both gonopod pairs. The family includes two genera: Paeromopus Karsch, with five species - angusticeps (Wood), eldoradus, cavicolens, and buttensis, all by Chamberlin, and ocellatus Loomis - and Californiulus Verhoeff, with five species - chamberlini (Brolemann), comb. n., dorsovittatus Verhoeff, yosemitensis Chamberlin, euphanus (Chamberlin), and parvior (Chamberlin). The principal taxonomic features involve the configurations of the distal and midlength projections of the anterior gonopods and the terminal or subterminal projections of the posterior genitalia. Californiulus chamberlini, dorsovittatus, and yosemitensis display broad, yellow, middorsal stripes, the last also with a median black line, and the other species exhibit light or dark transverse bands. The following new synonymies are proposed: P. lysiopetalinus Karsch and pistus Chamberlin, and Paeromopellus sphinx Verhoeff, under P. angusticeps; Klansolus zantus Chamberlin under C. chamberlini; C. vicinus Chamberlin under C. dorsovittatus; K. mononus and obscurans, both by Chamberlin, under C. yosemitensis; and K. socius and Aigon rodocki, both by Chamberlin, under C. parvior. The monobasic subfamily Aprosphylosomatinae, accommodating Aprosphylosoma Hoffman, is elevated to family status in the superfamily Paeromopodoidea. Its sole species, A. darceneae Hoffman, known only from Oregon, is smallbodied, dark mottled brown in color, and has a separate coxite and telopodite on the anterior gonopod.

}, issn = {1399-560X}, doi = {10.1163/187631294X00298}, url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/ise/25/2/article-p169_6.xml}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {157, title = {New records and species, and taxonomic alterations in the milliped family Paeromopodidae (Julida)}, journal = {Entomological News}, volume = {108}, number = {1}, year = {1997}, pages = {1{\textendash}14}, abstract = {

Diagnoses are presented for two new paeromopodid milliped species from California - Paeromopus paniculus, from the Merced River Valley, Mariposa County, and Californiulus blechrostriatus, from the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada and the desert of Inyo County. Paeromopus buttensis is reduced to subspecific status under P. angusticeps because of a newly discovered intergrade male from central Sonoma County and reinterpretation of P. ocellatus in western Solano County, which is comprised of anatomically intermediate forms and placed in synonymy under P. a. buttensis, new status. New localities of Californiulus dorsovittatus and C. yosemitensis in Lassen, Modoc, and Siskiyou counties connect the formerly disjunct Warner Mountain population of the latter to the main ranges of the genus and family. The southern area of C. yosemitensis, extending from Mariposa to Kern counties, is segregated from that from Placer County northward because the species has never been collected in El Dorado, Amador, and Calaveras counties. The distribution of C. euphanus in western Washington extends eastward into the western periphery of the Columbia Plateau.

}, isbn = {0166552000551}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/57198}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M. and Bauer, Selena B.} } @article {158, title = {The milliped order Siphonophorida in the United States and northern Mexico}, journal = {Myriapodologica}, volume = {4}, number = {4}, year = {1996}, pages = {21{\textendash}33}, abstract = {

New localities are reported to detail the distributions of the order Siphonophorida and the family Siphonophoridae in the southwestern and southcentral United States, and northern Mexico. The northernmost sites are in Los Angeles County, California; Yavapai County, Arizona; and Coryell County, Texas. The Siphonorhinidae is represented by only one genus and species, Illacme plenipes Cook \& loomis, known only from northern San Benito County, California, the northernmost ordinal record. Congeneric starus is confirmed for Siphonacme lyttoni Cook \& loomis, in Arizona, and S. pseustes (Chamberlin), in Sonora, Mexico; Californizonium Verhoeff is synonymized under Siphonacme Cook \& loomis. Diagnostic illustrations are presented for I. plenipes, S. lyttoni and pseustes, and Siphonophora limitare Loomis and texascolens Chamberlin \& Mulaik.

}, issn = {0163-5395}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {159, title = {The milliped family Nearctodesmidae in northwestern North America, with accounts of Sakophallus and S. simplex Chamberlin (Polydesmida)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {72}, number = {3}, year = {1994}, month = {mar}, pages = {470{\textendash}495}, abstract = {

In northwestern North America, the milliped family Nearctodesmidae is comprised of four genera, Nearctodesmus Silvestri, Kepolydesmus Chamberlin, Ergodesmus Chamberlin, and Bistolodesmus, new genus, and six species, N. insulans (Chamberlin), N. cerasinus (Wood), N. salix Chamberlin, K. anderisus Chamberlin, E. compactus Chamberlin, and B. bonikus (Chamberlin). These species occur along the Pacific coast from San Francisco Bay to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, including all offshore island groups, with an eastward extension into Lewis and Clark County, Montana, east of the Continental Divide. An allopatric population of N. insulanus occurs in the Shuswap Highlands of British Columbia, and an allopatric species, E. remingtoni (Hoffman), inhabits caves in western and southern Illinois. The principal taxonomic characters are the number of secondary projections from the gonopodal telopodite, the configuration of the longer of these, and the length and configuration of the distal zone of the acropodite. Polydesmus bonikus is a nearctodesmid and is assigned to the new genus, Bistolodesmus. The following new synonymies are proposed: Jaliscodesmus Hoffman under Sakophallus Chamberlin; J. alticola Hoffman under S. simplex Chamberlin; N. brunnior, N. campicolens, and N. malkini, all by Chamberlin, under N. cerasinus; N. amissus, N. pseustes, N. renigens, N. carli, and N. boydi, all by Chamberlin, and N. olympus and N. cochlearius, both by Causey, under N. insulanus; K. mimus, K. hesperus, and K. pungo, all by Chamberlin, under K. anderisus; and Ectopodesmus cristatus and E. c. dentatus, both by Loomis and Schmitt, under Ergodesmus compactus. Modern diagnoses and illustrations are presented for the family and all northwestern taxa, along with keys to the genera and species of Nearctodesmus. Accounts and gonopod drawings are also presented of Sakophallus and S. simplex Chamberlin in Michoacan and Jalisco, Mexico

}, issn = {0008-4301}, doi = {10.1139/z94-066}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z94-066}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {154, title = {The identity of Polydesmus sastianus Chamberlin, proposal of a new miliped genus, and remarks on the identity of Phreatodesmus hastingsus (Chamberlin) (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae)}, journal = {Myriapodologica}, volume = {4}, number = {8}, year = {1997}, pages = {59{\textendash}67}, abstract = {

Calianotus, n. gen., is proposed for three small California polydesmids in which the gonopodal tibiotarsus arises basally and the endomerite possesses a lateral branch and two shorter distal projections. Brachydesmus (Brachydesmus) yosemitensis Causey, occurring in the Sierra Nevada from Calaveras to Tulare counties, is the type species; Polydesmus sastianus Chamberlin is assigned to the representative occurring in the upper Sacramento River Valley, in the Mt. Shasta area of Shasta and Siskiyou counties; and Brachydesmus bituberculatus Loomis, occurring east of San Francisco Bay in Contra Costa and Alameda counties, is transferred into the genus. Calianotus is related to Scytonotus Koch; relationships within the genus are sastianus + (bituberculatus + yosemitensis). The identity of Phreatodesmus hastingsus (Chamberlin), plausibly referrable to Calianotus, cannot be assumed because the original illustrations are meaningless and the vial with the holotype now contains two different polydesmids, one of which occurs in Idaho. Topotypes are needed to determine its identity and generic placement.

}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {153, title = {A new polydesmid milliped genus and two new species from Oregon and Washington, U. S. A., with a review of Bidentogon Buckett and Gardner, 1968, and a summary of the family in Western North America (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {296}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, month = {sep}, pages = {1}, abstract = {

In North America west of the Continental Divide, the milliped family Polydesmidae consists of six genera and 15 species, and occupies eight disjunct areas. Retrorsia, n. gen., is proposed for two new \“micro-polydesmid\” species (R. leonardi, the type species, and R. benedictae) in western Oregon and Washington, primarily in the lower Columbia River Valley. It is most closely related to Utadesmus Chamberlin and Hoffman, 1950, in Utah and New Mexico, and is characterized primarily by a retrorse gonopodal tibiotarsus that curves dorsad and counters the ventral curvature of the telopodal stem. New records are presented for the coastal species of Bidentogon Buckett and Gardner, 1968, occurring from Mendocino to Santa Cruz counties, California, and encompassing the area around San Francisco Bay. The oldest available name for this species is californicus (Chamberlin, 1918), whose type locality is Stanford, Santa Clara County. This name has been misapplied to the species occurring in Sacramento County, herein named B. expansus, n. sp., and B. helferorum Buckett and Gardner, 1968, is placed in synonymy under B. californicus.

}, keywords = {B. californicus, B. helferorum, Bidentogon, Polydesmidae, R. benedictae, R. leonardi, Retrorsia, Utadesmus}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.296.1.1}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.296.1.1}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {124, title = {Annotated Checklist Of The Millipeds Of California (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)}, journal = {Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, year = {2002}, pages = {90{\textendash}115}, abstract = {

The milliped fauna of California consists of 11 orders, 24 families, 83 genera, and 226 species and sub-species. A complete listing of these taxa and intergrades is provided, with published and new records from the state and type localities. Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood), C. truncorum (Silvestri), Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport) (all Julida: Julidae), and Opiona fisheri Gardner and Shelley (Chordeumatida: Caseyidae) are newly recorded from California. The new combination Atopetholus wheeleri (Chamberlin) is proposed.

}, keywords = {California, milliped}, issn = {1545-0228}, doi = {10.3398/1545-0228-1.1.90}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3398/1545-0228-1.1.90}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {125, title = {A re-evaluation of the milliped genus Motyxia Chamberlin, with a re-diagnosis of the tribe Xystocheirini and remarks on the bioluminescence (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)}, journal = {Insecta Mundi}, volume = {11}, number = {3-4}, year = {1997}, pages = {331{\textendash}351}, abstract = {

Motyxia Chamberlin is comprised of eight species of bioluminescent xystocheirine millipeds in which the gonopodal solenomere arises at different positions, from basally and subbasally on the acropodite to being fused with the companion acropodal branch and detaching proximad or near midlength. Previous synonymies of Amplocheir Chamberlin and Luminodesmus Loomis and Davenport under Motyxia are confirmed as is its assignment to the tribe Xystocheirini, which is redefined. Component species are M. kerna Chamberlin, the type species, monica Chamberlin, sequoiae (Loomis and Davenport), tularea (Chamberlin), sequoia (Chamberlin), pior Chamberlin, porrecta Causey and Tiemann, and tiemanni Causey. Motyxia sequoia is comprised of two races, the nominate and sequoia alia Causey and Tiemann; sequoia ollae Causey and Tiemannis properly a subspecies of tularea. Motyxia pior form secca is an invalid name without standing in nomenclature, and M. tejona Chamberlin, and M. expansa and exilis, both by Loomis, are placed in synonymy under M. monica, the oldest name for the southernmost species, as Polydesmus dissectus Wood is referrable to Xystocheir Cook. The bioluminescence is a continuous, neon-white glow of the entire dorsal surface including the antennae and 1egs.Its visibility at night suggests a warning function analogous to aposematic coloration. The phenomenon may observe a circadian rhythm, and controlled photoperiod experimentation may be productive.

}, keywords = {Sierra Nevada}, url = {http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1279\&context=insectamundi}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {123, title = {The Sigmocheirini, a xystodesmid milliped tribe in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, U.S.A. (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)}, journal = {Entomologica Scandinavica}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, year = {1995}, pages = {339{\textendash}360}, abstract = {

The xystodesmid milliped tribe Sigmocheirini occupies a band along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and eastern fringe of the San Joaquin Valley from Placer to Kern counties, California. It is comprised of two genera, Sigmocheir Chamberlin, with three species occurring from Placer to Tulare counties, and the monotypic Ochthocelata gen. n., the sole component, O. adynata sp. n., occurring in northern Kern County. The species of Sigmocheir display a distinctive, trimaculate pigmentation pattern with yellow middorsal and paranotal spots; the coloration of O. adynata is unknown. Sigmocheir calaveras Chamberlin is a senior name for S. dohenyi Chamberlin, the spelling of which was subsequently corrected to danehyi and assigned to the new genus, Tuolumnia, a synonym of Sigmocheir. Sigmocheir furcata sp. n. is proposed for forms from the northern generic range. The southernmost species is S. maculifer (Chamberlin), comb. n., transferred from Harpaphe Cook. The Sigmocheirini are related to the sympatric tribe Xystocheirini; relationships within Sigmocheir are hypothesized as maculifer + (calaveras + furcata).

}, issn = {1399-560X}, doi = {10.1163/187631295X00044}, url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631295x00044}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {127, title = {Revision of the milliped genus Xystocheir Cook (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {74}, number = {7}, year = {1996}, pages = {1336{\textendash}1363}, abstract = {

The California milliped genus Xystocheir Cook, occurring along the Pacific Coast and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, comprises nine species, three being divided into a total of seven subspecies; the species are combined into four species-groups named for the oldest component. Xystocheir dissecta (Wood), abundant around San Francisco \– San Pablo and Monterey bays, comprises intergrades, one true subspecies, and two apparent semispecies that are treated as subspecies; additionally, a local population in southern Mendocino County has achieved reproductive isolation and attained species status. Two new combinations, X. reducta (Causey) and X. modestior (Chamberlin), are proposed, along with the following new synonymies: Paimokia Chamberlin under Xystocheir, X. acuta Cook, X. francisca and X. milpitas, both by Chamberlin, and Cheirauxus sapiens Chamberlin under X. d. dissecta, new status; and Delocheir conservata and D. dalea, both by Chamberlin, under X. dissecta taibona Chamberlin, new status. The following new species-group taxa are diagnosed: the subspecies Xystocheir dissecta microrama, Xystocheir modestior haerens, and Xystocheir stolonifera uncinata, and the species X. prolixorama, X. solenofurcata, X. brachymacris, X. stenomacris, X. bistipita, and X. stolonifera.

}, issn = {0008-4301}, doi = {10.1139/z96-148}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z96-148 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/z96-148}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {128, title = {Expanded concept and revised taxonomy of the milliped family Xystodesmidae Cook, 1895 (Polydesmida: Leptodesmidea: Xystodesmoidea): incorporations of Euryuridae Pocock, 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey, 1951, taxon revivals/proposals/ transferrals}, journal = {Insecta Mundi}, number = {660}, year = {2011}, pages = {1{\textendash}41}, abstract = {

Euryuridae Pocock 1909 and Eurymerodesmidae Causey 1951, both endemic to the eastern/central United States (US), are incorporated into Xystodesmidae Cook 1895 and reduced to subfamilies and (sub)tribes n. stats. Euryurina and Melaphina Brolemann 1916, n. stats., are sister-taxa that differ primarily in epiproctal configurations and comprise Euryurini; sister-taxa Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina Hoffman 1964, n. stats., the latter transferred from Xystodesminae, comprise Eurymerodesmini, n. stat., in which plesiomorphic forms exhibit sublinear, \"stick-like,\" and subapically curved/bent gonopodal acropodites with moderately-long to long hairs, often with distal tufts, on their \“inner\” surfaces. Additional transferrals include Wamokia Chamberlin from the xystodesmine tribe Xystocheirini to Xystodesmini (= Harpaphini), and Macellolophus Attems, from Xystodesmidae to Chelodesmidae. Except for Chonaphini, the term, \"prefemoral process,\" has traditionally been assigned to the secondary and shorter telopodital projection regardless of its position, origin, or configuration. Homology of these different structures has never been demonstrated and requires investigation, but the multitude of differences suggests that they are not such and warrant different names, for example \"femoral process,\" for the similarly positioned branches in Devillea Br\ölemann and Rhysodesmus Cook (Xystodesminae: Devilleini, Rhysodesmini). The latter tribe may be polyphyletic, and new tribes may be required for components with acicular \"prefemoral processes\" (Boraria and Cherokia, both by Chamberlin, Gyalostethus and Erdelyia, both by Hoffman, and Pleuroloma Rafinesque) and the southeastern US genera with small-bodied species (Caralinda Hoffman and Gonoessa, Parvulodesmus, and Lourdesia, all by Shelley). Taxonomic value is accorded the \"prefemoral extension/elongation,\" which is absent from Eurymerodesmina; complete, encircles the acropodite, and extends for \~1/3 to 1/2 of the latter\&$\#$39;s lengths in Euryurini; and incomplete and extends for \~1/4 to 1/3 of the \"outer\" acropodital surfaces in Nannariina and xystodesmine tribes. Other newly recognized taxonomic characters include the \"inner\" and \"outer\" acropodital surfaces/margins, the position on the acropodital stem of the \"distal curve/bend,\" and the length of the \"distal zone.\" Rhysodesmus and Sigmoria (Rudiloria) t. trimaculata (Wood) (Xystodesminae: Rhysodesmini, Apheloriini) are recorded from, respectively, Chihuahua, Mexico, and Qu\ébec, Canada, as are Xystodesmidae/-inae and, provisionally, Chonaphini, Montaphe Chamberlin, and M. elrodi (Chamberlin), the only plausible taxa for an unidentifiable juvenile from near Yahk and only 2.5 km (1.6 mi) north of the International Border. The southern periphery of interior British Columbia (BC) thus represents the second xystodesmid faunal region in BC and the third in Canada. While incorporation of Euryuridae does not affect the family\&$\#$39;s overall distribution, that of Eurymerodesmidae fundamentally alters it by joining the formerly separate East-Nearctic and Meso-American regions into a continuous one extending, north-south, from Montr\éal Island, Qu\ébec, to Santa Ana Department, El Salvador, a distance of around 4,944 km (3,090 mi). Xystodesmidae also inhabit two West-Nearctic regions, one in the interior stretching from southernmost BC to northeastern Oregon and the other running along the Pacific Coast from southern Alaska to southern California. The family also occupies two Palearctic regions, each with three subregions, an eastern one spreading from Hokkaido, Japan, and the southern Maritime Province, Russia, to Taiwan; a point locality in northern Vietnam; and southern/eastern China. The second Palearctic area extends along the Mediterranean and adjoining seas from Morocco, Sardinia, and the southeastern corner of France to Cyprus and southern coastal Turkey. New locality data, references, and maps are provided along with diagnostic accounts of all reconceptualized taxa and new/revived statuses. A simple, sublinear, \"stick-like\" acropodite with a curve or bend near midlength or subapically and without a secondary telopodital projection is the hypothesized plesiomorphic gonopodal condition in Xystodesmidae. This form has undergone multitudinous modifications/alterations - twists, curls, variably configured thickened and laminate expansions, reductions, bi-/trifurcations, enlargements, ornamentations, etc. that are manifested in today\&$\#$39;s xystodesmine tribes. When Avalonia collided with Baltica 450 million years ago, ancestral xystodesmoideans on the former dispersed into the latter, penetrated and occupied vacant niches, and evolved into today\&$\#$39;s Melaphina (Euryurinae: Euryurini) and Devilleina (Xystodesminae). A similar evolutionary burst leading to today\&$\#$39;s Nearctic and East-Palearctic faunas occurred 10 million years later when Avalonia + Baltica collided with Laurentia to form Euramerica. Ancestral forms of Euryurinae and Xystodesminae again penetrated vacant niches and evolved; the former maintained the general gonopodal structural pattern of Melaphina but changed the epiproct from triangular to broad and spatulate, thereby creating Euryurina. The earliest xystodesmine taxa to evolve in Laurentia were Rhysodesmini and Rhysodesmus, which spread southwestward, penetrated \"proto- Mexico, and left relict populations in today\&$\#$39;s southern Appalachians. Eurymerodesmina and Nannariina arose from ancestral euryurine stock prior to the Cretaceous in western Appalachia in their present area of overlap. The former dispersed to the west and south while the latter expanded to the east and north; consequently, the Western Inland Seaway minimally impacted Nannariina while eradicating Eurymerodesmina from the inundated area. Today\&$\#$39;s populations in the Plains and south-southeastern states therefore represent secondary dispersion in the past 50-60 million years. The Seaway also eradicated Rhysodesmus from these areas, but enough forms survived in high mountain refugia to replenish the fauna when the embayment receded.

}, keywords = {acropodital hairs/surfaces, acropodite, Apheloriini, Chonaphini, Devillea/Devilleini, Melaphe/Melaphina, Nannariina, Pachydesmini, prefemoral process/extension, Rhysodesmus/Rhysodesmini}, url = {http://journals.fcla.edu/mundi/article/view/107027}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M. and Smith, Jamie M.} } @article {126, title = {The milliped genus Isaphe Cook (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae)}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {71}, number = {6}, year = {1993}, pages = {1161{\textendash}1168}, abstract = {

The harpaphine xystodesmid milliped genus Isaphe, characterized by two telopodal branches and a prefemoral process that angles across the medial face of the telopodite, comprises two species. Isaphe convexa Cook occurs in montane forests of northern Idaho and Montana, and I. tersa (Cook) is known from riparian woodlands in canyons of the Snake, Salmon, and Palouse river basins in southeastern Washington and west-central Idaho. They are distinguished by the degree of dorsal convexity, strong in I. convexa and weak in I. tersa, and by the length of the prefemoral process, which is long and slender and extends well beyond the caudal margin of the telopodite stem in I. convexa, and is short and broad and terminates well before the margin in I. tersa. The strong convexity in I. convexa results from greater expression of the dorsal curvature than is the case in most xystodesmids because of a lower than usual origin of the paranota, rather than from depression of the latter. The following new synonymies are proposed: Hybaphe Cook under Isaphe Cook, H. curtipes Cook under I. tersa, and Leptodesmus (Isaphe) simplex Chamberlin under Harpaphe haydeniana haydeniana (Wood). Modern descriptions are provided for the genus and species, and anatomical illustrations and a distribution map are presented.

}, issn = {0008-4301}, doi = {10.1139/z93-158}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/z93-158}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {121, title = {A new milliped of the genus Metaxycheir from the Pacific coast of Canada (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae), with remarks on the tribe Chonaphini and the western Canadian and Alaskan diplopod fauna}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {68}, number = {11}, year = {1990}, pages = {2310{\textendash}2322}, abstract = {

Metaxycheir pacifica, a new chonaphine xystodesmid milliped from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, inhabits decidous spots in the forests along the Pacific Ocean from Bamfield to China Beach Provincial Park. It displays a subcylindrical body, imparted by reduced paranota caudal to segment 4; an acropodite in the form of a broad, open loop; and an acicular prefemoral process with minute subapical barbules. It is segregated from the type species, M. prolata Buckett and Gardner, in northern Idaho, by over 600 km, and is the second western Canadian xystodesmid. The tribe Chonaphini occupies five areas of allopatric populations: that of M. pacifica; from central Oregon to western Montana; and three areas in the north central and eastern states. The Pacific coastal region harbors the most diverse fauna of western Canada, and a second center of diversity lies around Mount Revelstoke and Glacier national parks. The diplopod fauna of Alaska and western Canada consists of at least 5 orders, 13 families, 22 genera, and 24 species; of these, 5, 10, 16, and 17 are indigenous forms and 2, 4, 6, and 7 are introductions, respectively. The chordeumatoid family Rhiscosomididae and the genus Rhiscosomides are new to Canada; five allochthonus species, Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood), Ophyiulus pilosus (Newport), Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch), Brachydesmus superus Latzel, and Polydesmus inconstans Latzel, are new to the western provinces; and the Polyxenidae (Polyxenida) and Caseyidae (Chordeumatida) are new to Alaska.

}, issn = {0008-4301}, doi = {10.1139/z90-323}, url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/z90-323}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} } @article {120, title = {Parcipromus, n. gen., a Xystodesmid milliped genus from the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California (Polydesmida)}, journal = {Myriapodologica}, volume = {3}, number = {7}, year = {1995}, pages = {53{\textendash}70}, abstract = {

The new xystocheirine genus Parcipromus is proposed for Xystocheir cooki Causey and two new species from the Sierra Nevada Range; they occur from Kings River Canyon, Fresno County, to the Greenhorn mountains in southern Tulare County. The genus occurs at the highest elevations of any Nearctic xystodesmid taxon, as its species live in or near Giant Sequoia Groves at 6-7,000\&$\#$39;. Characterized in part by a simple, undivided, and curved acropodite, and a prefemoral process on the outer (caudal) side of the prefemur, Parcipromus differs markedly from other tribal components that possess two or more separate acropodal projections and a prefemoral process on the inner (anterior) surface. The species are distinguished primarily by the acropodal configuration, the length of the prefemoral process, and, if present, the size and shape of the latter\&$\#$39;s lateral spine. Descriptions are presented for the new taxa along with diagnostic illustrations and a key to species.

}, author = {Shelley, Rowland M.} }