@article {1600, title = {The biota of Canada: checklist of the centipedes of Canada (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {154}, year = {2021}, month = {31/12/2021}, pages = {1-12}, abstract = {

The centipede fauna of Canada is reviewed based on information available in the literature and on examination of some material, and provincial and territorial distributions are provided. About 53 species are known from Canada, representing four orders: Scutigeromorpha (1), Scolopendromorpha (5), Geophilomorpha (19), and Lithobiomorpha (28). British Columbia has the most recorded species (23), followed by Ontario (17) and Newfoundland and Labrador (12). Arctogeophilus glacialis (Attems) and Alaskobius adlatus Chamberlin are newly reported from Canada (Northwest Territories), Schendyla nemorensis (Koch) is newly reported from Ontario, and Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus) is recorded for the first time from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Arctogeophilus melanonotus (Wood) is removed from the list of Canadian species.

}, issn = {0008-347X, 1918-3240}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.58}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-entomologist/article/abs/biota-of-canada-checklist-of-the-centipedes-of-canada-myriapoda-chilopoda/EDF1261C878100D1A7AAFC3DA3671C10}, author = {Langor, David W. and Langor, Stephen D.} } @article {1181, title = {Les Himantariidae ouest-europ{\'e}ens, avec la description d{\textquoteright}une nouvelle esp{\`e}ce du genre Stigmatogaster Latzel, 1880 (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha)}, journal = {Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} entomologique de France}, volume = {126}, year = {2021}, month = {08/06/2021}, pages = {133-158}, abstract = {

R\ésum\é: \À l\’issue d\’un r\éexamen d\’un ou plusieurs sp\écimens de quasiment toutes les esp\èces ouest-europ\éennes du genre Stigmatogaster, une nouvelle esp\èce est d\écrite : S. tufi n. sp. visiblement end\émique de Corse. De nouveaux \él\éments morphologiques sont donn\és sur plusieurs esp\èces ouest-europ\éennes, particuli\èrement sur Stigmatogaster sardoa qui est d\écrite en d\étail, sur certains caract\ères de S. excavata et sur la femelle d\’Himantariella scutellaris qui \était auparavant inconnue. S. arcisherculis a \ét\é retrouv\ée en France apr\ès 95 ans sans donn\ée dans ce pays. Toutes les esp\èces jusqu\’\à pr\ésent assign\ées \à Haplophilus ou \à Stigmatogaster sont ici class\ées dans le second genre. Des cl\és d\’identification pr\éliminaires des genres ouest-europ\éens d\’Himantariidae et des esp\èces de Stigmatogaster sont fournies, ainsi que de nombreuses illustrations. Une liste avec r\épartition des Himantariidae d\’Europe occidentale est donn\ée. Gr\âce \à des informations in\édites de Lucio Bonato, Himantarium mediterraneum est confirm\é en Europe.

The Western-European Himantariidae, with the description of a new species of the genus Stigmatogaster Latzel, 1880 (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha)

Abstract: After an examination of one or several specimens of almost all of the Western-European species of the genus Stigmatogaster, a new species is described: S. tufi n. sp. apparently endemic to Corsica. New morphological details are given on several Western-European Himantariidae, particularly Stigmatogaster sardoa which is described in detail and confirmed as clearly valid, for some characters of S. excavata and for the female of Himantariella scutellaris which was previously unknown. S. arcisherculis has been again identified in France after 95 years without records in this country. All species so far variously assigned to either Haplophilus or Stigmatogaster are here classified in a single genus Stigmatogaster. Preliminary illustrated identification keys for the Western-European genera of Himantariidae and for the Stigmatogaster species are given also in English. An updated checklist of the Western-European Himantariidae with their distribution is given. Thanks to unpublished information of Lucio Bonato, Himantarium mediterraneum is confirmed in Europe.

}, keywords = {Europe, Himantariella, Himantarium, morphology, Taxonomy}, issn = {0037-928X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2185}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352282410}, author = {Iorio, {\'E}tienne} } @article {1107, title = {When SEM becomes a deceptive tool of analysis: the unexpected discovery of epidermal glands with stalked ducts on the ultimate legs of geophilomorph centipedes}, journal = {Frontiers in Zoology}, volume = {18}, year = {2021}, month = {20/04/2021}, pages = {1-19}, abstract = {

Background: The jointed appendage is a key novelty in arthropod evolution and arthropod legs are known to vary enormously in relation to function. Among centipedes, the ultimate legs always are distinctly different from locomotory legs, and different centipede taxa evolved different structural and functional modifications. In Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), ultimate legs do not participate in locomotion and were interpret to serve a sensory function. They can be sexually dimorphic and in some species, male ultimate legs notably appear \“hairy\”. It can be assumed that the high abundance of sensilla indicates a pronounced sensory function. This study seeks for assessing the sensory diversity, however, documents the surprising and unique case of an extensive glandular epithelium in the ultimate legs of three phylogenetically distant species.
Results: The tightly aggregated epidermal glands with stalked ducts \– mistakenly thought to be sensilla \– were scrutinized using a multimodal microscopic approach comprising histology as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy in Haplophilus subterraneus. Hence, this is the first detailed account on centipede ultimate legs demonstrating an evolutionary transformation into a \“secretory leg\”. Additionally, we investigated sensory structures as well as anatomical features using microCT analysis. Contrary to its nomination as a tarsus, tarsus 1 possesses intrinsic musculature, which is an indication that this podomere might be a derivate of the tibia.
Discussion: The presence and identity of ultimate leg associated epidermal glands with stalked ducts is a new discovery for myriapods. A pronounced secretory as well as moderate sensory function in Haplophilus subterraneus can be concluded. The set of characters will improve future taxonomic studies, to test the hypotheses whether the presence of these specialized glands is a common feature in Geophilomorpha, and that tarsus 1 may be a derivate of the tibia. As the number of epidermal glands with stalked ducts is sexually dimorphic, their function might be connected to reproduction or a sex-specific defensive role. Our results, in particular the unexpected discovery of \‘glandular hairs\’, may account for a striking example for how deceptive morphological descriptions of epidermal organs may be, if based on non-invasive techniques alone.

}, keywords = {centipedes, Evolution, Functional morphology, Histology, Ultrastructure}, issn = {1742-9994}, doi = {10.1186/s12983-021-00402-3}, url = {https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-021-00402-3}, author = {Sombke, Andy and M{\"u}ller, Carsten H. G.} } @article {1103, title = {Some centipedes and millipedes (Myriapoda) new to the fauna of Belarus}, journal = {Russian Entomological Journal}, volume = {30}, year = {2021}, month = {25/03/2021}, pages = {106-108}, abstract = {

Abstract: The first records of three species of centipedes and one species of millipede from Belarus are provided. All records are clearly synathropic.

РЕЗЮМЕ. Приведены сведения о фаунистических находках трёх новых видов губоногих и одного вида двупарноногих многоножек в Беларуси. Все находки явно синантропные.

}, keywords = {Belarus, Blaniulus guttulatus, faunistic records, Geophilus flavus, Lithobius crassipes, Lithobius microps, Беларусь, фаунистика}, issn = {0132-8069}, doi = {10.15298/rusentj.30.1.14}, url = {https://kmkjournals.com/journals/REJ/REJ_Index_Volumes/REJ_30/REJ_30_1_106_108}, author = {Ostrovsky, Artsiom M.} } @article {1088, title = {Centipede bio-extremity elastic model control}, journal = {Journal of Micro-Bio Robotics}, volume = {17}, year = {2021}, month = {09/03/2021}, pages = {1-23}, abstract = {

In this research, a specimen of arthropod, infraspecies Cormocephalus calcaratus (centipede) is the matter of study for modeling its trunk-limb biomechanics. The endoskeletal system was built to model and approach its passive dynamics motion. The limb\’s musculoskeletal system was digitally \’sculpted\’ in three-dimension using the planar taxonomic sagittal, ventral and transventral views as metrical references, constrained in scale and geometry. The endoskeleton was modeled by an equivalent network of spring-mass-damper muscles with five joints controlled by two input muscles to manipulate the limb\’s tip. The kinematic position equations with their higher-order derivatives and the inner muscles dynamics were deduced for a Newton-based dynamic controller to resemble scramble up motion. Simulations produced realistic controlled motions with expected limb\’s dexterity underactuation.

}, keywords = {3D modeling, Biorobot, Centipede, Limb, Musculoskeletal dexterity, Underactuation}, issn = {2194-6418}, doi = {10.1007/s12213-021-00141-y}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12213-021-00141-y}, author = {Miranda Guaderrama, Joel and Mart{\'\i}nez-Garc{\'\i}a, Edgar Alonso} } @article {1050, title = {Phylogenetic analyses suggest centipede venom arsenals were repeatedly stocked by horizontal gene transfer}, journal = {Nature Communications}, volume = {12}, year = {2021}, month = {05/02/2021}, pages = {1-14}, abstract = {

Venoms have evolved over a hundred times in animals. Venom toxins are thought to evolve mostly by recruitment of endogenous proteins with physiological functions. Here we report phylogenetic analyses of venom proteome-annotated venom gland transcriptome data, assisted by genomic analyses, to show that centipede venoms have recruited at least five gene families from bacterial and fungal donors, involving at least eight horizontal gene transfer events. These results establish centipedes as currently the only known animals with venoms used in predation and defence that contain multiple gene families derived from horizontal gene transfer. The results also provide the first evidence for the implication of horizontal gene transfer in the evolutionary origin of venom in an animal lineage. Three of the bacterial gene families encode virulence factors, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer can provide a fast track channel for the evolution of novelty by the exaptation of bacterial weapons into animal venoms.

}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-21093-8}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21093-8}, author = {Undheim, Eivind A. B. and Jenner, Ronald A.} }