@article {1425, title = {[Letter to Ludwig D{\"o}derlein]}, year = {1898}, month = {08/08/1898}, publisher = {Archives de la Ville et de l{\textquoteright}Eurom{\'e}tropole de Strasbourg}, address = {Strasbourg, Grand Est, France}, abstract = {

Recommended citation: Verhoeff, C. W. (1898, August 8). [Letter to Ludwig D\öderlein]. Archives de la Ville et de l\’Eurom\étropole de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France.

}, author = {Verhoeff, Carl Wilhelm} } @article {1206, title = {Pitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda)}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {11}, year = {2021}, month = {28/06/2021}, pages = {9864{\textendash} 9875}, abstract = {

Abstract Pitfall trapping is one of the standard methods used for the capture of ground-active arthropod groups. Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3\ cm, 5\ cm, and 12\ cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70\% ethanol and glycerol and 4\% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45\ days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (d\ =\ 12\ cm) and medium (5\ cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small-sized traps (3\ cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (d\ =\ 5\ cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (d\ =\ 5 and 12\ cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.

}, keywords = {body size, capture rate, fixing fluid, method selection, trap diameter}, issn = {2045-7758}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7820}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.7820}, author = {Sta{\v s}iov, Slavom{\'\i}r and {\v C}iliak, Marek and Wiezik, Michal and Svitok, Marek and Wiezikov{\'a}, Adela and Diviakov{\'a}, Andrea} } @article {589, title = {Ground-dwelling invertebrate diversity in domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient: Landscape characteristics are more important than garden characteristics}, journal = {PloS ONE}, volume = {15}, year = {2020}, month = {02/10/2020}, pages = {1-25}, abstract = {

Urbanisation is increasing worldwide and is regarded a major driver of environmental change altering local species assemblages. Private domestic gardens contribute a significant share of total green area in cities, but their biodiversity has received relatively little attention. Previous studies mainly considered plants, flying invertebrates such as bees and butterflies, and birds. By using a multi-taxa approach focused on less mobile, ground-dwelling invertebrates, we examined the influence of local garden characteristics and landscape characteristics on species richness and abundance of gastropods, spiders, millipedes, woodlice, ants, ground beetles and rove beetles. We assume that most of the species of these groups are able to complete their entire life cycle within a single garden. We conducted field surveys in thirty-five domestic gardens along a rural-urban gradient in Basel, Switzerland. Considered together, the gardens examined harboured an impressive species richness, with a mean share of species of the corresponding groups known for Switzerland of 13.9\%, ranging from 4.7\% in ground beetles to 23.3\% in woodlice. The overall high biodiversity is a result of complementary contributions of gardens harbouring distinct species assemblages. Indeed, at the garden level, species richness of different taxonomical groups were typically not inter-correlated. The exception was ant species richness, which was correlated with those of gastropods and spiders. Generalised linear models revealed that distance to the city centre is an important driver of species richness, abundance and composition of several groups, resulting in an altered species composition in gardens in the centre of the city. Local garden characteristics were important drivers of gastropod and ant species richness, and the abundance of spiders, millipedes and rove beetles. Our study shows that domestic gardens make a valuable contribution to regional biodiversity. Thus, domestic urban gardens constitute an important part of green infrastructure, which should be considered by urban planners.

}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240061}, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240061}, author = {Braschler, Brigitte and Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Zwahlen, Valerie and Rusterholz, Hans-Peter and Buchholz, Sascha and Baur, Bruno} }