@article {1771, title = {A previously unknown feeding mode in millipedes and the convergence of fluid feeding across arthropods}, journal = {Science Advances}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, month = {16/02/2022}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {

We report fluid feeding with a sucking pump in the arthropod class Diplopoda, using a combination of synchrotron tomography, histology, electron microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstructions. Within the head of nine species of the enigmatic Colobognatha, we found a pumping chamber, which acts as positive displacement pump and is notably similar to that of insects, showing even fine structural convergences. The sucking pump of these millipedes works together with protractible mouthparts and externally secreted saliva for the acquisition of liquid food. Fluid feeding is one of the great evolutionary innovations of terrestrial arthropods, and our study suggests that it evolved with similar biomechanical solutions convergent across all major arthropod taxa. While fluid-feeding insects are megadiverse today, it remains unclear why other lineages, such as Colobognatha, are comparably species poor.

}, issn = {2375-2548}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm0577}, url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm0577}, author = {Moritz, Leif and Borisova, Elena and Hammel, J{\"o}rg U. and Blanke, Alexander and Wesener, Thomas} } @article {1390, title = {Supplement to the Burmese (Myanmar) amber checklist and bibliography, 2019}, journal = {Palaeoentomology}, volume = {3}, year = {2020}, month = {26/02/2020}, pages = {103{\textendash}118}, abstract = {

This is a supplement to Ross (2019) covering all taxa described or recorded in Burmese amber during 2019, plus a few earlier records that were missed previously. Up to the end of 2019, 1,478 species were recorded from Burmese (Kachin) amber of which 276 were named or recorded in 2019.

}, keywords = {Arachnids, Burmese amber, Cretaceous, fungi, insects, invertebrates, Myanmar, plants, protists, vertebrates}, issn = {2624-2826}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.1.14}, url = {https://www.mapress.com/pe/article/view/palaeoentomology.3.1.14}, author = {Ross, Andrew J.} } @article {1049, title = {First steps toward suctorial feeding in millipedes: Comparative morphology of the head of the Platydesmida (Diplopoda: Colobognatha)}, journal = {Invertebrate Biology}, year = {2021}, month = {04/02/2021}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {

Although most millipedes (Diplopoda) show a biting\–chewing feeding mode, representatives of the so-called Colobognatha (Platydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonocryptida, Siphonophorida), with their more or less reduced mouthparts, are assumed to have evolved a suctorial feeding mode, which enables them to exploit food sources like algal film and fungi hyphae. The Platydesmida are viewed as the key taxon for the understanding of mouthpart adaptations in Colobognatha, as their mouthpart elements still closely resemble those of biting\–chewing millipedes. Studies of the skeletomuscular system of the Platydesmida are rare, impeding further understanding of the mouthpart evolution in millipedes. To overcome this impediment in the understanding of millipede evolution, we study the internal morphology of the head in specimens from four genera of Platydesmida: Brachycybe lecontii, Dolistenus spp., Gosodesmus claremontus, and Pseudodesmus spp. Although all Platydesmida show similarly structured skeletal elements and accompanying musculature, they are distinct from all other Diplopoda. Their head lacks eyes and organs of T\öm\ösv\áry, and is pyriform and posteriorly bulging, overlapping the collum. The narrow mandibles are hidden underneath the broad genae. A previously described gnathochilarial postmentum is absent. Muscle attachment sites, such as the transverse mandibular tendon and the median septum, are reduced. The strong modifications of the head capsule, mandibles, and musculature limit the movability of the mandible for biting\–chewing motions based on simulations of possible gape angles. Platydesmida likely show a scraping and slurping feeding mode, which is facilitated by the comparably well-developed pharyngeal dilator muscles. We suggest that the Platydesmida show an intermediate state between the biting\–chewing millipedes and the other suctorially feeding Colobognatha.

}, keywords = {Functional morphology, mandible, micro-CT, musculature, tentorium}, issn = {1077-8306}, doi = {10.1111/ivb.12312}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ivb.12312}, author = {Moritz, Leif and Blanke, Alexander and Hammel, J{\"o}rg U. and Wesener, Thomas} } @inbook {931, title = {La fauna de las cuevas gran{\'\i}ticas de O Fol{\'o}n (Coruxo, Pontevedra, Espa{\~n}a) / The fauna of the granite caves of O Fol{\'o}n (Coruxo, Pontevedra, Spain)}, booktitle = {40 a{\~n}os sin F{\'e}lix. Homenaje al Dr. Rodr{\'\i}guez de la Fuente}, series = {Monograf{\'\i}as Tercer Milenio}, volume = {10}, year = {2020}, pages = {283-300}, publisher = {Sociedad Entomol{\'o}gica Aragonesa}, organization = {Sociedad Entomol{\'o}gica Aragonesa}, address = {Zaragoza}, abstract = {

Resumen: La fauna de las cavernas gran\íticas est\á poco estudiada, en buena parte porque las cavidades suelen ser de peque\ño tama\ño y por lo tanto poco atractivas para la bioespeleolog\ía. Una excepci\ón es el conjunto de cavidades de O Fol\ón, en Coruxo (Vigo, Pontevedra), que cuenta con m\ás de 900 m de galer\ías y alcanza una cota de -34 m. En este art\ículo se presentan los resultados de 18 muestreos realizados entre 2016 y 2020, principalmente con b\úsqueda manual. Se han recogido 171 espec\ímenes, de los cuales se han identificado hasta g\énero 141, y hasta especie 115. Entre los grupos mejor representados se encuentran los Chilopoda y Diplopoda, destacando el platid\ésmido Dolistenus iberoalbus Mauri\ès, 2015, abundante en varios de los muestreos y s\ólo conocido por la serie tipo. Se cita por primera vez Lithobius validus Meinert, 1872 de Pontevedra y Lithobius schubarti Demange, 1959 de Galicia. Entre la fauna de ar\ácnidos, se cita Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) por primera vez para Galicia. En relaci\ón a los Opiliones, se ha encontrado Nemastomella dentipatellae Dresco, 1967, nunca antes citado en la provincia de Pontevedra. La clase mejor representada es la de los insectos, con 78 ejemplares pertenecientes a 7 \órdenes. Las cinco especies de Staphylinidae halladas en las cavernas representan primeras citas para la provincia de Pontevedra. Este singular sistema subterr\áneo no goza de ninguna protecci\ón, por lo que esta primera lista de su fauna, puede servir para resaltar la importancia de preservar dicho h\ábitat, que muestra varios impactos de origen antr\ópico.

Abstract: The fauna of granite caves is poorly known, largely because these cavities are usually small and therefore unattractive for biospeleology. An exception is the O Fol\ón cavity complex, in Coruxo (Vigo, Pontevedra), which has more than 900 m of galleries and reaches a depth of -34 m. This paper presents the results of 18 samplings, mainly manual, carried out between 2016 and 2020. We collected 171 specimens, of which 141 have been identified to genus, and 115 to species. Some of the groups best represented in our samplings are the Chilopoda and Diplopoda, among which the platydesmid Dolistenus iberoalbus Mauri\ès, 2015 is particularly worthy of note: it was abundant in several of the samplings butwas pre viously known only from the type series. Lithobius validus Meinert, 1872 is recorded from Pontevedra for the first time and Lithobius schubarti Demange, 1959 is a first record for Galicia. Among the arachnids, Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) is recorded for the first time from Galicia. As for the Opiliones, we found the first specimens of Nemastomella dentipatellae Dresco, 1967 from Pontevedra province. The best represented class is that of insects, with 78 specimens belonging to 7 orders. The five species of Staphylinidae found in the caves are first records for Pontevedra province. This unique underground system does not have any protection status, so this first list of its fauna can serve to highlight the importance of preserving this habitat, which shows some signs of anthropogenic disturbance.

[Published 01/11/2020]

}, keywords = {arroyo subterr{\'a}neo, Cave fauna, cuevas gran{\'\i}ticas, Fauna cavern{\'\i}cola, faun{\'\i}stica, faunistics, granite caves, noroeste de Espa{\~n}a, north-western Spain, Pontevedra, underground stream, Vigo}, isbn = {978-84-935872-6-0}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346045280_La_fauna_de_las_cuevas_graniticas_de_O_Folon_Coruxo_Pontevedra_Espana_The_fauna_of_the_granite_caves_of_O_Folon_Coruxo_Pontevedra_Spain}, author = {Moreira-Alonso, Adri{\'a}n and Arbea, Javier and Cabanillas, David and Gamarra, Purificaci{\'o}n and Jos{\'e} D. Gilgado and Outerelo, Raimundo and Prieto, Carlos and {\'A}ngel, Jorge and Ramos Abuin, Jorge {\'A}ngel and Ribera, Carles and Zamora-Mu{\~n}oz, Carmen and Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo} } @article {854, title = {Gosodesmine, a 7-Substituted Hexahydroindolizine from the Millipede Gosodesmus claremontus}, journal = {Journal of Natural Products}, volume = {83}, year = {2020}, month = {11/09/2020}, pages = {2764-2768}, abstract = {

Millipedes (Diplopoda) are well known for their toxic or repellent defensive secretions. Here we describe gosodesmine (1), 7-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-1,2,3,5,8,8a-hexahydroindolizine, a unique alkaloid with some terpene character found in the chemical defense secretions of the millipede Gosodesmus claremontus Chamberlin (Colobognatha, Platydesmida, Andrognathidae). The structure of 1 was suggested by its mass spectra and GC-FTIR spectra and established from its 1H, 13C, and 2D NMR spectra and 1D NOE studies. The 7-substituted indolizidine carbon skeleton of 1 was confirmed by unambiguous synthesis. This is the first report of an alkaloid from a platydesmid millipede and the first report of a 7-substituted indolizidine from an arthropod.

}, keywords = {Carbon, Hydrocarbons, Irradiation, Molecular structure, Organic compounds}, issn = {0163-3864}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00722}, url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00722}, author = {Hassler, Madeline F. and Harrison, Daniel P. and Jones, Tappey H. and Richart, Casey H. and Saporito, Ralph A.} } @article {521, title = {Colobognatha millipedes in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Polyzoniida,~Platydesmida, Siphonocryptida).}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3972}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Jun 11}, pages = {250-266}, abstract = {

The superorder Colobognatha is represented in the Caucasus by three genera and species, one each in the orders Polyzoniida, Platydesmida and Siphonocryptida. Hirudisoma roseum (Victor, 1839) (Hirudisomatidae, Polyzoniida) is especially widespread, ranging from S Russia, Abkhazia, Georgia (with a neotype designated and described from Kakhetia, E Georgia) and NW Azerbaijan to E Turkey, and also including H. ponticum (Lohmander, 1939) (junior subjective synonym, syn. nov.). Fioria hyrcana Golovatch, 1980 (Andrognathidae, Platydesmida) is endemic to the Hyrcanian parts of the Republic of Azerbaijan and NW Iran along the western and southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. Due to the finding of Hirudicryptus abchasicus sp. nov. (Siphonocryptidae, Siphonocryptida), from a single locality in Abkhazia, NW Caucasus, the order Siphonocryptida is new to the fauna of the region. A key to all four species of the trans-Palaearctic genus Hirudicryptus is given. All three Caucasian species of Colobognatha are described in due detail and abundantly illustrated, and their distributions mapped.

}, keywords = {Abkhazia, Azerbaijan, distribution, Georgia, Iran, key, map, neotype, new species, new synonymy, Platydesmida, Polyzoniida, Russia, Siphonocryptida, Taxonomy, Turkey}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3972.2.6}, author = {Sergei Ilyich Golovatch and Evsyukov, Aleksandr and Reip, Hans S} } @article {438, title = {Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)}, journal = {Check List}, volume = {14}, year = {2018}, month = {12/2020}, pages = {1131-1140}, abstract = {

An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5\%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.

}, keywords = {Chilopoda, Cretaceous, Diplopoda, fossil, Myanmar, Symphyla}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.15560/14.6.1131}, url = {https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/30320/}, author = {Wesener, Thomas and Moritz, Leif} } @article {439, title = {The first known fossils of the Platydesmida{\textemdash}an extant American genus in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Diplopoda: Platydesmida: Andrognathidae)}, journal = {Organisms Diversity and Evolution}, volume = {19}, year = {2019}, month = {01/09/2019}, pages = {423-433}, abstract = {

Millipedes have been inhabiting the earth for more than 400 my and show a great diversity regarding their morphology and ecology. For a better understanding of the timing and pattern of millipede evolution, Burmese amber offers a unique window into the Cretaceous period, ca. 99 Ma. Here, we describe the first known fossil of the colobognathan order Platydesmida, the species Andrognathus burmiticus n. sp. based on 15 specimens from Cretaceous Burmese amber. We combine classical light-microscopy and modern micro-computer tomography (\μCT) with computer aided 3D-reconstructions. These non-invasive techniques allow us to describe the fossil millipedes as detailed as is general practice for extant species, and to grant the scientific community open access to the deposited \“Cybertypes\”. Based on the combination of unique morphological characters such as surface structures, body type, the unique size and shape of tergite 5, the absence of a hypoproct at the anal segment, and detailed gonopod characteristics, the studied fossils can be placed in the family Andrognathidae and the extant genus Andrognathus, which nowadays is restricted to the eastern USA and Mexico with three extant species. Therefore, the minimum age of the genus Andrognathus is pushed to the Cenomanian, 99 Ma. It can be assumed that the genus was much more diverse and wider distributed in the past and migrated between Asia and America via one of the once existing land bridges. These unique fossils prove the unusual relictual distribution of Andrognathus and can serve as key-fossils for the dating of the diplopod phylogeny.

}, keywords = {Burmese amber, Migration, Southeast Asia, Virtual paleontology, μCT}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-019-00408-0 }, author = {Moritz, Leif and Wesener, Thomas} } @article {277, title = {Natural history of the social millipede Brachycybe lecontii Wood, 1864}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2020}, month = {03/04/2020}, pages = {1-39}, abstract = {

The millipede Brachycybe lecontii Wood, 1864 is a fungivorous social millipede known for paternal care of eggs and forming multi-generational aggregations. We investigated the life history, paternal care, chemical defence, feeding and social behaviour of B. lecontii and provided morphological and anatomical descriptions, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on observations of B. lecontii from 13 locations throughout its distribution, we report the following natural history aspects. The oviposition period of B. lecontii lasted from mid-April to late June and the incubation period lasted 3\–4 weeks. Only males cared for the eggs and subsequent care of juveniles was not observed. In one case, the clutches of two males became combined and they were later cared for by only one of the males. The defensive compound of B. lecontii is stored in large glands occupying a third of the paranotal volume and were observed only in stadia II millipedes and older. We observed B. lecontii feeding on fungi of the order Polyporales and describe a cuticular structure on the tip of the labrum that may relate to fungivory. We found that their stellate-shaped aggregations (pinwheels) do not form in the absence of fungus and suggest the aggregation is associated with feeding. We describe and illustrate a previously undescribed comb-like structure on the tibia and tarsi of the six anterior-most leg-pairs and measure the colour and spectral reflectance of the B. lecontii exoskeleton.

}, keywords = {Andrognathidae, Colobognatha, Diplopoda, fungivore, Platydesmida, quasi-social, subsocial}, issn = {1314-2836}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.8.e50770}, url = {https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/50770/}, author = {Victoria L. Wong and Hennen, Derek A. and Macias, Angie and Brewer, Michael and Kasson, Matt and Marek, Paul} } @article {182, title = {New records and species of millipeds from the western United States and Canada}, journal = {The Pan-Pacific Entomologist}, volume = {30}, number = {3}, year = {1954}, pages = {221{\textendash}227}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/271900}, author = {Nell B. Causey} } @article {183, title = {New records and descriptions of Californian Diplopoda}, journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington}, volume = {68}, year = {1955}, pages = {87{\textendash}94}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/43473}, author = {Nell B. Causey} } @article {181, title = {On two new colobognath millipeds and records of some established species from east of the Rocky Mountains}, journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington}, volume = {64}, year = {1951}, pages = {137{\textendash}140}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/44620}, author = {Nell B. Causey} } @article {150, title = {Description of new genera and species of North American Myriapoda}, journal = {Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia}, volume = {16}, year = {1864}, pages = {186{\textendash}187}, issn = {0029-3970}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1942782}, author = {Horatio C Wood} } @article {148, title = {A Review of the Genus Gosodesmus Chamberlin, with the Synonymy of Eucybe Chamberlin (Diplopoda: Platydesmida: Andrognathidae)}, journal = {Journal of the New York Entomological Society}, volume = {77}, number = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {40{\textendash}50}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25006146}, author = {John S. Buckett and Gardner, Michael R.} } @article {139, title = {Six new California millipeds}, journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington}, volume = {67}, year = {1954}, pages = {231{\textendash}234}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111796}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {140, title = {Six new American millipeds, with notes on several cave-dwelling species}, journal = {Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington}, volume = {66}, year = {1953}, pages = {67{\textendash}72}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/111599}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {144, title = {New American Millipeds}, journal = {Bulletin of the University of Utah}, volume = {31}, number = {11}, year = {1941}, author = {Ralph V. Chamberlin} } @article {102, title = {Millipeds of the order Colobognatha, with descriptions of six new genera and type species, from Arizona and California}, journal = {Proceedings of the United States National Museum}, volume = {72}, year = {1928}, month = {1928}, pages = {1 - 26}, url = {https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/100797$\#$page/559}, author = {Orator Fuller Cook and Loomis, Harold F.} } @article {9, title = {A new Mediterranean species of Dolistenus (Diplopoda, Platydesmida,~Andrognathidae), with an updated key for the genus and~the first contribution for a barcode database of European Platydesmida}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4718}, year = {2020}, month = {03/01/2020}, pages = {123-133}, abstract = {

Dolistenus Fanzago, 1874 is a widespread Mediterranean millipede genus of the order Platydesmida, currently including three valid species, each with relict distributions. Here we describe a fourth species of Dolistenus, and characterize it using morphological and molecular (mitochondrial DNA) characters. We provide an updated key to the species of Dolistenus and the first COI barcode sequences for the new species and several other European representatives of the Andrognathidae (Platydesmida).

}, keywords = {barcoding, endemism, Iberian Peninsula, millipede, new species, relict distribution}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.10}, url = {https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4718.1.10}, author = {Recuero, Ernesto and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Flores, Paula C.} }